等待开发的国内药用苔藓资源

苔藓植物是体型微小、构造特殊、分布广泛和适应性强的植物类群,是植物界从水生向陆生的过渡类型,被生态学者誉为大自然的拓荒者,在植物界系统演化及生态学研究方面具有重要作用。由于苔藓植物体型微小,为人类利用的种类不多,常常被忽视。实际上,苔藓植物具有重要的经济用途,尤其是在药用方面具有广阔的前景。我国苔藓资源十分丰富,开发药用苔藓可进一步丰富我国的中草药资源,发掘祖国的医药遗产。笔者拟对苔藓植物的研究概况作一简介。１药用历史据考证,苔藓植物最早作为药用植物出现在６世纪,梁时陶弘景所著的《名医别录》上,…     

贵州省黔灵山脉药用苔藓中药资源调查

苔藓植物作为药用在我国古籍中早有记载,但药用苔藓化学分析、开发利用等研究相对缓慢,究其原因之一是野外苔藓材料取样受限。为使药用苔藓植物更好的被合理开发利用,首次对贵州省黔灵山脉的药用苔藓植物资源进行野外调查,报道药用苔藓20种,隶属于15科19属。结果表明,该山脉药用苔藓以藓类植物为主,占药用总种类的85%,生境以土生为主。基于国际疾病分类系统(ICD-10),黔灵山脉药用苔藓对应55个疾病代码,药用功效以治疗淋巴细胞白血病(C91.9)、痈、疮肿(L02.9)、跌打损伤(T14.0)、毒蛇咬伤(T14.0)、烫伤(T30.0)等为主。     

大木山自然保护区药用蕨类植物资源研究

目的 报道大木山自然保护区药用蕨类植物资源状况.方法 通过野外调查、资料收集及标本鉴定进行研究.结果 大木山自然保护区药用蕨类植物36科58属107种.结论 大木山自然保护区药用蕨类植物资源丰富,值得进一步开发利用.     

中国药用苔藓植物资源

报道了中国药用苔藓植物５８种,隶属于２５科３９属。列出了４４种药用苔植物的分布及其药用功效。     

苔藓植物是生物活性物质的一个资源吗？

苔藓植物在全球约有20000种,虽分布面积广,但密度很小。所以人工获得大量苔藓植物很困难。尽管早在1590年就有将苔藓植物作为药用的历史,但对其化学成分的研究甚少。直到最近20年来,对苔藓植物化学成分的研究才有所突破,进展较快。本文介绍了对苔藓植物化学成分,次级代谢物,体外培养,生物活性物质及其化学合成的研究,从而证明苔藓植物是新的、有潜力的天然产物的宝库。     

赛罕乌拉自然保护区药用苔藓植物资源调查

以赛罕乌拉自然保护区8个生境的药用苔藓植物为研究对象,认真梳理药用苔藓植物组成和药用价值,系统分析其多样性,揭示药用苔藓物种多样性与生境的分布规律。结果表明:大兴安岭赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区收集到29种药用苔藓植物,隶属于19个科、24个属;在8个生境中,药用苔藓物种种类由高到低依次为湿润土生湿润石生混交林下干燥石生木生干燥土生水生=云杉林下,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数,Margalef丰富度,Simpson优势度指数,Pielous种间均匀度指数最高分别为湿润土生药用苔藓(2.963),云杉林下药用苔藓(239.549),湿润土生药用苔藓(0.915),混交林下药用苔藓(0.436);凤尾藓6个生境中均有分布,而黄牛毛藓、大叶藓、泽藓、梨蒴珠藓、白齿藓、深绿绢藓、东亚万年藓等药用苔藓植物仅在1个生境中分布。大兴安岭典型自然保护区药用苔藓多样性在湿润土生中最丰富,种类和分布与生境存在依存关系。     

蒙药山沉香的化学成分和药理活性研究进展

山沉香为蒙药特色药材,局限分布于内蒙与宁夏的贺兰山地区,临床上多用于治疗冠心病心绞痛等心肺疾病。现代研究显示,山沉香主要含木脂素、倍半萜和挥发油类,显示出抗心肌缺血等功效。该文从山沉香的原植物分类、药用资源、化学成分及药理活性等方面对其进行归纳总结,以期为相关的药用资源利用、药效物质阐明及开发应用等奠定基础。     

福州市晋安区药用植物资源与空间格局分析北大核心

目的:查清晋安区药用植物资源本底,为药用植物资源管理和利用提供依据。方法:采用样方法和样线法,记录物种及其蕴藏量数据,对晋安区药用植物物种类群、物种构成、生活型和药用部位进行分类统计,运用随机样方分析法和Morisita分布指数进行空间格局分析。结果:晋安区药用植物资源空间格局呈聚集分布,共1067种,隶属于193科632属,其中苔藓植物4科4属4种,蕨类植物38科51属80种,裸子植物9科15属19种,被子植物142科562属964种。结论:晋安区药用植物资源丰富,生活型和药用部位类型多样,聚集分布的药用植物资源有利于开发和保护,有较大的社会、生态和经济价值。     

伏牛山药用植物资源研究

目的 通过对伏牛山药用植物资源调查,为合理开发药用资源提供参考.方法 实地调查、鉴定标本、查阅文献、统计分析.结果 伏牛山共有药用维管植物1 341种,分属154科,604属;其中具有10种以上药用植物的科有37科,含408属,996种;含有5种以上的属有58属,共437种.结论 伏牛山药用植物资源丰富,为河南省的天然药库,应保护资源合理开发,达到可持续发展.     

桂林产昆明山海棠总生物碱、微量元素及LD50值

本文对桂林产昆明山海棠的全根、全茎、基皮和去皮茎芯等不同部位进行了总生物碱、微量元素含量及ＬＤ５０值的测定，为开发利用其地上部分药用资源提供参考依据。     

中国古籍记载的苔藓植物

收集和整理了古籍中所记载的苔藓植物并对其进行分析。结论为前人是从三个方面来记载苔藓的。首先,药用价值方面的记载最多,主要是大金发藓和暖地大叶藓;其次,诗词歌赋中也记载了不少的苔藓,主要是地钱;此外还有一些记载是对苔藓生境的描述,虽然没有具体的指出苔藓的种类,但仍有重要的参考价值。     

皇甫山药用植物资源调查与可持续利用的研究

目的：调查皇甫山森林公园药用植物资源,并对其可持续利用状况进行分析。方法：采用实地调查、与药农交谈、标本鉴定等方法,调查皇甫山森林公园药用植物资源。结果：皇甫山共有药用植物 621 种,分属于 138 科,其中真菌类 5 种、蕨类植物23 种、裸子植物 14 种、被子植物 579 种。依据中药功效可将皇甫山药用植物分为 16 个类型,清热类药用植物种类最多;依据入药部位可分为 8 个类型,以全草类药物居多。结论：皇甫山地区药用植物资源丰富,但部分资源种类因过度开发而蕴藏量下降,应制定可持续利用的可行性方案。     

A Swedish collection of medicinal plants from Cameroon

A collection of 32 botanically identified medicinal plants from the slopes of Mt. Cameroon made by two Swedish settlers in the beginning of the last century is described and the literature is followed up. The drug names were found to be unaltered during the century passed.     

Traditional plant use in the areas of Monte Vesole and Ascea, Cilento National Park (Campania, Southern Italy)

The present ethnobotanical field study conducted during summer 2003 in two distinct regions of the Cilento National Park (Mt Vesole and Ascea) documents the local use of 90 different plant species for medicinal, food and domestic purposes. Overall, 59 people native to the area were interviewed, and 883 use-reports have been recorded. The scientific names, local names, plant parts used, preparation and administration processes are given and compared with practices in other Italian regions. In total, 63 species are documented as medicinal, 49 as food, and 22 as craft plants. Over 40% of all species are used in more than one category and over half of the food plants are also used for medicinal purposes. In general the recorded species are well known in the traditional phytotherapy of Campania and Italy. However, some uses are unusual and are discussed in detail.     

Medicinal mosses in pre-Linnaean bryophyte floras of central Europe. An example from the natural history of Poland

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The paper presents information about the earliest botanical work from Poland, Warsavia physice illustrata which takes bryophytes into account. It was elaborated by a German physician Christian Heinrich Erndtel and issued in 1730 in Dresden. That time understanding of bryophytes was imprecise and in many cases they were confused with lichens and club mosses.

Materials and methods

Bryophyte taxa polynomials (18 names) were identified using pre- and post-Linnaean botanical monographs from years 1590 to 1801. Their current names and pharmacological value are provided, as well as the old ethnobotanical data about bryophytes (cited from 18th-century sources).

Results

Altogether 18 bryophyte species were identified from the vicinity of Warsaw (17 mosses and 1 liverwort). Some of them are still abundant in this area (for example Climacium dendroides, Plagiomnium undulatum and Polytrichum juniperinum) while some other are rare or extinct (for example Neckera crispa and Rhodobryum roseum).

Conclusions

Despite the technical ability to observe specific microscopic differences among bryophytes, physicians of 18th century were hardly interested in using any of them as medicinal stock. It may be concluded that the competences in pre-Linnaean bryology did not put into practice using moss-derived materia medica of 18th century (the only exceptions were Fontinalis antipyretica and Polytrichum spp.).     

Traditional use of the native medicinal plant resource of Mt. Rtanj (Eastern Serbia): Ethnobotanical evaluation and comparison

Ethnopharmacological relevance

This study reports on the uses of medicinal plants and ethnobotanical significance of Mt. Rtanj, Eastern Serbia. The aim of the study was collecting information on plant utilization and creating the list of medicinal plants collected by local community in the region of Rtanj Mt. in Serbia.

Methodology

A group of generally elderly people from the region were interviewed, asked to identify a certain number of plant taxa used against various human ailments. A quantitative ethnobotanical comparison has been performed in relation to other studies concerning the central Balkan Peninsula.

Results

There is an inventory of 45 plant species recorded. At the family level, the most common in traditional usage were species of Labiatae (22%), Rosaceae (20%) and Compositae (13%). The results of the survey suggested that Hypericum perforatum was the most popular medicinal plant. Among the 7 different recorded types of preparation, the aerial parts of plants were the most popular (47.3%). The most frequently reported medicinal uses of herbal drugs include remedies for immune system (22.97%), respiratory system (15.77%) and digestive system disorders (15.32%). However, a comparatively small number of available plant species was used for medicinal purposes while the level of ethnobotanical diversity was lower when compared to adjacent regions.

Conclusions

Ethnobotanical knowledge in this area is decreasing due to high emigration rates during the last period. The historically developed ethnobotanical heritage should be preserved and promoted on the larger level, getting the special position in the future management plans for this area.     

Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants around Mt.Yinggeling,Hainan Island,China

Aim of the study

The main objectives were to collect information on the use of medicinal plants and compare medicinal plant traditions between Run and Qi.

Materials and methods

Information was obtained from semi-structured interviews, personal conversation and guided fieldtrips with herbalists.

Results

385 species belonging to 290 genera in 104 families were used for the treatment of various diseases. Rubiaceae (20 species), Euphorbiaceae and Compositae (19 species respectively) were predominant families used by herbalists. The most species were used for injuries (20.1%), muscular–skeletal system disorders (18.3%) and infections/infestations (18.0%). The coefficient of similarity (36.6%) shown a high consensus of plant species used by Run and Qi. The ‘informant agreement ratio’ values for both Run and Qi are rather low (less than 0.3).

Conclusions

Traditional medicinal plants still play an important role in medical practices of Li Ethnic Group around Mt.Yinggeling. There is a close relationship of medicinal plant traditions between Run and Qi. Further investigation is necessary to record this valuable knowledge before its disappearance.     

芪连抑糖颗粒治疗糖耐量异常的疗效观察

目的:观察芪连抑糖颗粒治疗糖耐量异常的临床疗效及安全性。方法:将60例糖耐量异常患者随机分为两组,对照组单纯进行饮食、运动治疗,治疗组在饮食、运动治疗的基础上联合芪连抑糖颗粒治疗。治疗1年后,复查75g葡萄糖负荷后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白,观察相关数值的变化。结果:治疗组、对照组中75 g葡萄糖负荷后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白均较前下降,其中治疗组与对照组相比较有显著性差异。结论:芪连抑糖颗粒治疗糖耐量异常效果理想,安全性高。     

RP-HPLC法分析不同种属和采集地点苔藓植物中双联苄类化合物成分

目的：建立一种反相高效液相色谱法以快速分析四种苔藓植物中双联苄类化合物, 并对不同种属不同采集地点的苔藓植物中双联苄类化合物进行分析比较, 以考察种属及采集地点对该类化合物的种类和含量影响。方法：采用 Hypersil C18柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,I.D. 5μm）分离, 以乙腈-水（各含0.05%甲酸）为流动相, 线性梯度洗脱,于280 nm波长下检测。结果：共检测出6种双联苄类化合物, 并且种属和采集地点差异对该类化合物的种类和含量有不同程度的影响。结论：建立了一种有效的分析及测定不同苔类植物中双联苄类化合物的方法,并可为苔藓植物化学成分研究提供参考信息。