18F-FDG PET/CT在癫痫病灶定位诊断中的应用

【摘要】目的：观察氟18脱氧葡萄糖（18F-FDG）正电子发射体层摄影（PET）/计算机体层摄影（CT）在癫痫病灶定位诊断中的应用价值。方法：回顾性搜集2019年1月-2022年1月诊治的62例癫痫患者临床资料,手术切除治疗前均接受核磁共振（MRI）、18F-FDG PET/CT检查,以手术结果为参考标准,评估不同检查方案对癫痫阳性检出率、癫痫致痫灶定位诊断的价值。据癫痫患者治疗后疗效不同分为预后良好组、预后不良组,比较两组FDG PET/CT检查显示的脑代谢异常差异。结果：18F-FDG PET/CT联合MRI阳性检出率98.39%,较术前18F-FDG PET/CT检查的87.10%、术前MRI检查的72.58%明显高（P＜0.05）。18F-FDG PET/CT联合MRI对癫痫病灶类别（单发病灶）诊断的准确率较术前18F-FDG PET/CT检查、术前MRI检查的明显高（χ2=5.899、5.309,P＜0.017）。术前18F-FDG PET/CT检查对癫痫病灶定位诊断的符合率较术前MRI检查的略高,差异无统计学意义（χ2=4.060,P＞0.017）,但较18F-FDG PET/CT联合MRI的明显低（χ2=15.676,P＜0.017）。62例癫痫患者预后良好患者37例（37/62）,预后不良患者25例（25/62）,预后良好组18F-FDG PET/CT联合MRI检查显示的病灶分布与预后不良组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：18F-FDG PET/CT联合MRI检查可明显提高对癫痫病灶的定位诊断价值,对指导癫痫患者手术选择和评估治疗疗效有积极意义。     

PET/CT和MRI在多发性骨髓瘤中的应用与进展

多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是一种恶性B细胞肿瘤,其主要累及骨髓,部分也可出现髓外浸润。影像学检查是全面评估MM不可或缺的手段,X射线与CT对病灶的检出率低、定量能力差。PET/CT与MRI对MM的评估具有较大的价值,特别是18F-FDG及其他新型分子探针,全身扩散加权成像、动态增强MRI及水脂分离等MRI新技术。笔者就PET/CT及MRI在MM中的应用与进展进行综述。     

继发性骨淋巴瘤的18F-FDG PET/CT影像学表现

目的 探讨继发性骨淋巴瘤在18F-FDG PET/CT显像中的影像学特点。 方法 对2012年4月至2015年6月行全身18F-FDG PET/CT显像的46例继发性骨淋巴瘤患者的PET/CT影像学表现进行回顾性分析。并将骨髓穿刺结果分为阳性和阴性两组,对两组显像相应穿刺部位（髂棘）SUV进行独立样本t检验,同时绘制穿刺部位SUV诊断继发性骨淋巴瘤的受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）。 结果 46例继发性骨淋巴瘤患者中,霍奇金淋巴瘤6例、非霍奇金淋巴瘤40例;单发10例,多发18例,全身弥漫分布18例。46例患者骨质异常表现多样,其中,骨髓浸润型31例（67.40%）、混合型10例（21.74%）、硬化型3例（6.52%）、溶骨型2例（4.34%）。46例患者中肱骨或股骨受累32例（69.57%）,均为骨髓浸润型表现。骨髓穿刺阳性组及阴性组SUV独立样本t检验结果显示t=4.036,P < 0.001,提示两组差异有统计学意义。穿刺部位SUV诊断继发性骨淋巴瘤的ROC曲线结果显示SUV诊断界值为2.35,其诊断继发性骨淋巴瘤的特异度和灵敏度分别为83.3%和80.0%。 结论 继发性骨淋巴瘤的18F-FDG PET/CT影像学表现存在一定的特征性,在该病的诊断与鉴别诊断中具有重要的临床价值,且对骨髓穿刺部位的选择具有指导意义。     

神经淋巴瘤病的18F-FDG PET/CT显像:1例报告并文献复习

目的 通过1例神经淋巴瘤病(NL)患者的诊断及文献复习,总结18F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)正电子发射计算机断层显像(PET/CT)对NL的诊断价值.方法 介绍1例经病理证实的弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤伴周围神经病患者的临床表现和18F-FDG PET/CT显像结果,与传统影像学检查手段MRI和CT相比较,并结合既往文献进行复习.结果 患者为38岁女性,因“左胸背疼痛2个月”就诊,胸椎增强MRI检查示胸4椎体左侧附件、左侧第5后肋骨质破坏,不排除肿瘤可能.18F-FDG PET/CT示胸4、5椎体左侧椎间孔区根块状放射性摄取增高影.病灶沿着左侧第5肋骨肋间神经呈束带状、短条状放射性摄取增高,胸骨左旁第2前肋间可见一类网形放射性摄取增高灶.后者穿刺活检病理示弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(A型).病变累及第4、5胸椎左侧神经根及左侧第5肋间神经,临床诊断为NL.经对症化疗后复查18F-FDGPET/CT,原异常放射性浓聚影消失.文献复习也显示PET/CT较MRI及CT有较高的阳性显示率,能更好地反映全身情况,对早期诊断NL有所帮助.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT是一种早期诊断NL有效和敏感的检查方法,特别是在患者有恶性血液病史,临床出现周围神经症状,其他检查手段阴性的情况下.与MRI等传统影像学检查手段相比,18F-FDGPET/CT能更直观地反映NL的病情程度,并准确反映受累神经数目、范围、病灶大小、形态和肿瘤活性,可为穿刺活检提供重要信息.     

18F-FDG PET/CT在黑色素瘤中的应用价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT显像在黑色素瘤诊断、临床分期及监测治疗后肿瘤复发与转移灶中的应用价值.方法 黑色素瘤患者61例,均进行18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像.所有PET、CT及PET/CT融合图像均通过融合软件进行帧对帧对比分析.肿瘤病灶根据病理学检查、多种影像学检查及临床随访结果诊断.结果 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对黑色素瘤病灶检出的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为90.9%(40/44)、88.2%(15/17)和90.2%(55/61).其中12例治疗前患者中,18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断的灵敏度为83.3%(10/12).在黑色素瘤病灶局部切除、尚未进行其他治疗的9例患者中,5例残余病灶18F-FDG PET/CT显像检出3例;4例远处转移灶患者全被检出,提高了临床分期,改变了治疗方案.首先发现转移性黑色素瘤病灶并且手术切除后,寻找原发灶的7例患者中,18F-FDG PET/CT检出原发灶2例,4例其他转移灶全被检出.黑色素瘤患者根治术后监测肿瘤复发或转移患者33例,18F-FDG PET/CT显像灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为100.0%(19/19)、85.7%(12/14)和93.9%(31/33).与同期临床其他影像学检查比较,18F-FDG PET/CT显像发现更多,33例患者中,16例(48.5%)病灶提高临床分期;7例(21.2%)排除可疑病灶,降低临床分期;10例(30.3%)检出病灶与临床一致.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对于黑色素瘤的诊断,残余病灶、复发病灶及转移灶的检出,临床分期的明确具有重要价值.     

骨上皮样血管内皮瘤的CT、MRI及18 F-FDG PET/CT表现(附2例报道)

目的探讨骨上皮样血管内皮瘤(EHE)的CT、MRI及18 F-FDG PET/CT表现,以提高对该病的影像学认识。方法回顾性分析2例经病理证实的骨上皮样血管内皮瘤患者的CT、MRI及18 F-FDG PET/CT检查图像资料,总结其影像特点。结果2例骨EHE中,1例为全身多发骨骼病变,1例仅为胸11椎体病变。CT表现病灶为边缘清晰,轻度硬化并呈分叶状改变的膨胀性溶骨性骨质破坏,病灶内见散在斑点状高密度影,周边软组织及椎间盘未见明显受累。MRI病灶呈稍长T 1、长T 2信号,其内可见散在斑点状低信号影,增强扫描病灶呈明显不均匀强化。病灶外周可见增强无强化的低信号环。18 F-FDG PET/CT主要表现为病灶部位的溶骨性骨质破坏伴SUV摄取值的升高。结论CT、MRI及18 F-FDG PET/CT检查能帮助评估骨上皮样血管内皮瘤的病灶性质及范围,协助下一步诊疗方案的确定。     

皮下脂膜炎样T细胞淋巴瘤18F-FDGPET/CT影像分析并文献复习(附4例报道)

目的 总结皮下脂膜炎样T细胞淋巴瘤（SPTCL）的18F-FDG PET/CT影像学特点,探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在SPTCL中的应用价值。 方法 回顾性分析4例经病理证实的SPTCL患者的影像学表现,观察病灶的形态、分布范围、代谢信息,结合其临床、病理特点复习相关文献。 结果 4例患者的18F-FDG PET/CT影像学表现:病灶形态不规则,密度增高,相应部位18F-FDG摄取增高。病变累及范围广泛,面颈（2例）、躯干（4例）、四肢（4例）、腹膜和盆腔脂肪组织（2例）均可受累。半定量分析结果:皮下脂肪病灶最大标准化摄取值为3.5~14.6。 结论 SPTCL病变分布广泛,18F-FDG摄取差异较大,但18F-FDG PET/CT显像有利于整体评估SPTCL患者病情,在疗效监测方面具有重要作用。      

18F-FDG PET/CT对肾脏肿瘤的诊断价值

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT对肾脏肿瘤的临床诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析近5年经18 F-FDG PET/CT诊断为肾脏肿瘤且病理或临床综合诊断明确的79例患者资料,其中男52例,女27例,平均年龄(57.3±14.1)岁.PET/CT诊断根据肾脏轮廓改变、病灶密度异常及FDG摄取程度做出.计算18F-FDG PET/CT诊断肾脏肿瘤的效能指标.结果 79例中恶性肿瘤70例(包括肾细胞癌40例、肾盂癌5例,淋巴瘤8例,转移瘤16例,肾筋膜囊脂肪肉瘤1例);良性肿瘤9例(包括血管平滑肌脂肪瘤7例,肾嗜酸细胞腺瘤1例,后肾腺瘤1例;不含小脂滴样错构瘤病例).18 F-FDG PET/CT对病灶检出率达97.5％(77/79),对肾脏良恶性病灶判断的灵敏度为92.9％ (65/70),特异性为7/9,准确性为91.1％ (72/79),阳性预测值为97.0％(65/67),阴性预测值为58.3％ (7/12).结论 18 F-FDG PET/CT能够检出并判断大部分肾脏占位病变性质,对肾脏肿瘤患者进行全身检查并做出综合评价是18F-FDG PET/CT的优势之一.     

18F-FDG PET/CT在儿童及青少年淋巴瘤诊治中的应用价值

儿童及青少年淋巴瘤占所有儿科恶性肿瘤的10%~15%,其多为高度侵袭性肿瘤,较成人更易侵犯结外组织。准确的分期以及早期疗效评价对儿童及青少年淋巴瘤患者具有重要价值。传统影像学方法（超声、CT、MRI及67Ga成像）在其诊治过程中存在一定的局限性,18F-FDG PET/CT是将PET的功能代谢显像与CT的解剖结构显像相融合的一种新型成像技术。笔者通过对18F-FDG PET/CT检查在儿童及青少年淋巴瘤中的分期、疗效评级、随访中的作用作一综述,发现18F-FDG PET/CT在淋巴结、脾脏监测方面具有更高的灵敏度,可通过一次显像发现更多的病灶,在分期方面的准确性优于传统影像学方法。同时,因其代谢改变早于解剖形态的改变,能更早期、准确地评估疗效,对残留病灶的性质进行判断。由于其较低的复发率,需权衡在随访过程中监测复发及辐射暴露之间的利弊关系。     

18F-FDG PET/CT在淋巴瘤结外侵犯中的诊断价值

目的:探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在淋巴瘤结外侵犯中的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经穿刺活检、手术病理证实或临床综合诊断为淋巴瘤结外侵犯的27例患者的临床和PET/CT资料。结果:27例结外侵犯的淋巴瘤中,PET/CT共发现74个18F-FDG摄取异常增高的淋巴瘤结外侵犯病灶,平均SUVmax为6.3±2.1,其中胃肠道10例(14个病灶)、脾脏4例(5个病灶)、鼻咽、口咽部3例(7个病灶)、肝脏3例(4个病灶)、骨骼2例(21个病灶)、肺组织2例(5个病灶)、腹膜1例(7个病灶)、膈肌1例(3个病灶)、腮腺1例(2个病灶)、肌肉1例(2个病灶)、皮肤1例(2个病灶)、鼻中隔1例(1个病灶)、睾丸1例(1个病灶)。PET/CT对淋巴瘤结外侵犯病灶的诊断符合率为94.0%(79/84),灵敏度为96.1%(74/77),特异度为71.4%(5/7),阳性预测值为97.4%(74/76),阴性预测值为62.5%(5/8)。结论:18 F-FDG PET/CT代谢成像能准确显示淋巴瘤结外侵犯全身病灶,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

Prospective study of bone marrow infiltration in aggressive lymphoma by three independent methods: whole-body MRI, PET/CT and bone marrow biopsy

PURPOSE: Initial lymphoma staging requires bone marrow assessment in aggressive lymphomas. Bone marrow lymphoma infiltration is routinely assessed by bone marrow biopsy (BMB), considered as the "gold standard". The aim of this study was to compare the performance of BMB, whole-body MRI and PET/CT for evaluation of BM infiltration. METHODS: Patients with newly diagnosed aggressive lymphoma were evaluated by BMB, MRI and PET/CT. Two radiologists, two nuclear medicine physicians and one pathologist independently assessed the results of the three modalities. Bone was considered as involved if BM was positive or if PET/CT or MRI was positive and if there was a resolution of the abnormal image shown on PET/CT or MRI halfway or at the end of therapy. RESULTS: Both MRI and PET/CT detected bone marrow lesions in the 9/43 patients, but two patients with multiple lesions had more lesions detected by PET/CT compared to MRI. Among these nine patients, two with an iliac crest lesion detected by both MRI and PET/CT had bone marrow involvement with large-cell lymphoma on histological examination. The other seven patients had focal MRI and PET/CT lesions in areas other than the iliac crest, where the blind BMB was done. The other patients had bone marrow without large-cell lymphoma involvement. In all cases, after lymphoma therapy bone marrow involvement regressed on histological examination, PET and MRI. CONCLUSION: These preliminary results suggest that non-invasive morphological procedures could be superior to BMB for bone marrow assessment in aggressive lymphomas. Ongoing study is underway to validate these results.     

18F-FDG PET/CT bone/bone marrow findings in Hodgkin’s lymphoma may circumvent the use of bone marrow trephine biopsy at diagnosis staging

Purpose

Accurate staging of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) is necessary in selecting appropriate treatment. Bone marrow trephine biopsy (BMB) is the standard procedure for depicting bone marrow involvement. BMB is invasive and explores a limited part of the bone marrow. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT is now widely used for assessing response to therapy in HL and a baseline study is obtained to improve accuracy. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to assess whether routine BMB remains necessary with concomitant ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT.

Methods

Data from 83 patients (newly diagnosed HL) were reviewed. All patients had received contrast-enhanced CT, BMB and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT. Results of BMB were not available at the time of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging.

Results

Seven patients had lymphomatous involvement on BMB. Four patients had bone involvement on conventional CT (two with negative BMB). All patients with bone marrow and/or bone lesions at conventional staging were also diagnosed on ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scan. PET/CT depicted FDG-avid bone/bone marrow foci in nine additional patients. Four of them had only one or two foci, while the other had multiple foci. However, the iliac crest, site of the BMB, was not involved on ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT. Osteolytic/sclerotic lesions matching FDG-avid foci were visible on the CT part of PET/CT in three patients. MRI ordered in three other patients suggested bone marrow involvement. Interim and/or end-therapy ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT documented response of FDG-avid bone/bone marrow foci to chemotherapy in every patient.

Conclusion

¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT highly improves sensitivity for diagnosis of bone/bone marrow lesions in HL compared to conventional staging.     

Usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT for the Evaluation of Bone Marrow Involvement in Patients with High-Grade Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Purpose

To assess the usefulness of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in the detection of bone marrow (BM) involvement of high-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL).

Methods

One hundred twenty patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma or peripheral T-cell lymphoma between January 2007 and June 2011, who received BM trephine biopsy and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT before chemotherapy, were included in this retrospective study. We reviewed their ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT images and bone marrow biopsy (BMB) results. After reviewing the images, we reviewed the medical records and radiological findings of interesting patients.

Results

There were 23 ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scans in which the marrow was considered to be abnormal (either positive or equivocal), and 97 ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scans were regarded as having negative FDG uptake. Of 120 patients, 100 (83.3 %) had a concordant result of BM interpretation between ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and BMB, and the remaining 20 patients had discordant results. Among 23 patients with either positive or equivocal ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scans, 1 of 12 patients with ‘positive’ ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT had a lymphomatous involvement on BMB. In contrast, 10 of 11 patients with ‘equivocal’ BM hypermetabolism were reported as having positive involvement by BMB. Patients with abnormal ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT had significantly higher mSUV_highest than those with normal FDG-PET/CT.

Conclusions

¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and BMB are complementary techniques in assessing the presence of BM involvement in patients with high-grade NHL. The increasing availability of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT will raise the need for additional biopsy for FDG-avid lesions, especially in patients with negative standard BMBs. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT can be useful as a decision-making tool for determining whether to perform a standard BMB or targeted biopsy to the FDG-avid lesion as an initial staging procedure. A direct bone biopsy for FDGpositive bone lesions should be included in staging guidelines in future. In ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT-negative cases, BMB is still a powerful procedure, but BMB alone is insufficient for full evaluation of BM.     

Role of F-18 FDG PET/CT in assessing bone marrow involvement in pediatric Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Objectives

The aim of the current study was to assess the utility of F-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (F-18 FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in assessing bone marrow involvement (BMI) compared to bone marrow biopsy (BMB) in initial staging of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) in pediatric patients.

Methods

Data of 38 pediatric patients (mean age 9.8 years, range 3–18 years) with HL were analyzed for the involvement of bone marrow. All patients underwent non-contrast F-18 FDG PET/CT study. BMB was done in 31 patients from the bilateral iliac crests. Scans were interpreted by two nuclear medicine physicians blinded to the details of BMB.

Results

Of the 31 patients who underwent BMB, 5 patients had lymphomatous involvement on BMB. PET/CT was positive in four of these five patients. In 26 patients negative on BMB, PET was negative in 23 patients and positive in 3 patients for BMI. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of F-18 FDG PET/CT was 87.5 and 96 %, respectively, for BMI.

Conclusions

F-18 FDG PET/CT can predict BMB results with high accuracy. F-18 FDG PET/CT may be used at initial staging of pediatric Hodgkin’s lymphoma as it uncovers unsuspected BMI and BMB may be omitted in patients with PET-positive BMI.     

Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the assessment of bone involvement in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: preliminary results

Purpose Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant B cell and plasma cell disorder which involves the skeleton in more than 80% of patients at diagnosis. The aim of this study was to compare whole-body X-ray (WBXR), MRI and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in patients with MM. Methods The study population comprised 28 newly diagnosed MM patients. Findings of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT were compared with those of WBXR and MRI with regard to the number and site of lesions detected. Results Comparing ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and WBXR, it was found that in 16/28 pts (57%) ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT detected more lesions, all of which were located in the skeleton. Nine of these 16 patients had a completely negative WBXR survey. In 12/28 pts (43%) the two methods yielded equivalent findings. Comparing ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and MRI, it was found that in 7/28 pts (25%), ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT detected more lytic bone lesions, all of which were located outside the field of view of MRI (bone lesions in six cases and a soft tissue lesion in one). In 14/28 pts (50%), ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and MRI detected the same number of lesions in the spine and pelvis, while in 7/28 pts (25%) MRI detected an infiltrative pattern in the spine whereas ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT was negative. Conclusion ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT appears to be more sensitive than WBXR for the detection of small lytic bone lesions, whereas it has the same sensitivity as MRI in detecting bone disease of the spine and pelvis. On the other hand, MRI may be superior to ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing an infiltrative pattern in the spine. Therefore, careful evaluation of MM bone disease at diagnosis should include both MRI of the spine and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT.     

Breast cancer staging in a single session: whole-body PET/CT mammography

Our objective was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of an all-in-one protocol of whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT and integrated 18F-FDG PET/CT mammography with the diagnostic accuracy of a multimodality algorithm for initial breast cancer staging. METHODS: Forty women (mean age, 58.3 y; range, 30.8-78.4 y; SD, 12 y) with suspected breast cancer were included. For the primary tumor, we compared 18F-FDG PET/CT mammography versus MRI mammography; for axillary lymph node status, 18F-FDG PET/CT versus clinical investigation and ultrasound; and for distant metastases, 18F-FDG PET/CT versus a multimodality staging algorithm. Histopathology and clinical follow-up served as the standard of reference. The Fisher exact test evaluated the significance of differences (P < 0.05). Alterations in patient management caused by 18F-FDG PET/CT were documented. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in the detection rate of breast cancer lesions (18F-FDG PET/CT, 95%; MRI, 100%; P = 1). 18F-FDG PET/CT correctly classified lesion focality significantly more often than did MRI (18F-FDG PET/CT, 79%; MRI, 73%; P < 0.001). MRI correctly defined the T stage significantly more often than did 18F-FDG PET/CT (MRI, 77%; 18F-FDG PET/CT, 54%; P = 0.001). 18F-FDG PET/CT detected axillary lymph node metastases in 80% of cases; clinical investigation/ultrasound, in 70%. This difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.067). Distant metastases were detected with 18F-FDG PET/CT in 100% of cases, and the multimodality algorithm identified distant metastases in 70%. This difference was not statistically significant (P = 1). Three patients had extraaxillary lymph node metastases that were detected only by PET/CT (cervical, retroperitoneal, mediastinal/internal mammary group). 18F-FDG PET/CT changed patient management in 12.5% of cases. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that a whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT mammography protocol may be used for staging breast cancer in a single session. This initial assessment of the 18F-FDG PET/CT protocol indicates similar accuracy to MRI for the detection of breast cancer lesions. Although MRI seems to be more accurate when assessing the T stage of the tumor, 18F-FDG PET/CT seems able to more accurately define lesion focality. Although 18F-FDG PET/CT mammography was able to detect axillary lymph node metastases with a high sensitivity, this method cannot soon be expected to replace the combination of clinical examination, ultrasound, and sentinel lymph node biopsy for axillary assessment.     

Bone involvement in patients with lymphoma: the role of FDG-PET/CT

Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic impact and clinical significance of FDG-avid bone lesions detected by FDG-PET/CT in patients with lymphoma. Methods The study population comprised 50 consecutive patients (mean age 41.7±15.5 years; 27 female, 23 male; 41 staging, 9 restaging) with Hodgkin’s disease (n=22) or aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (n=28) in whom FDG-avid bone lesions were detected by FDG-PET/CT. All patients had either direct biopsy of the FDG-avid bone lesion (n=18), standard bone marrow biopsy at the iliac crest (BMB; n=43) or both procedures (n=11). In 15 patients, additional MRI of the bone lesions was performed. All patients underwent FDG-PET/CT after the end of treatment. All CT images of FDG-PET/CT scans were analysed independently regarding morphological osseous changes and compared with FDG-PET results. Results In the 50 patients, 193 FDG-avid lesions were found by PET/CT. The mean standardised uptake value was 6.26 (±3.22). All direct bone biopsies (n=18) of the FDG-avid lesions proved the presence of lymphomatous infiltration. BMB (n=43) was positive in 12 patients (27.9%). In CT, 32 of 193 (16.6%) lesions were detected without the PET information. No additional morphological bone infiltration was detected on CT compared with FDG-PET. All morphological bone alterations on CT scans persisted after the end of therapy. Additional PET/CT information regarding uni- or multifocal bone involvement resulted in lymphoma upstaging in 21 (42%) patients compared with the combined information provided by CT and BMB. Conclusion In patients with FDG-avid bone lesions, FDG-PET is superior to CT alone or in combination with unilateral BMB in detecting bone marrow involvement, leading to upstaging in a relevant proportion of patients.     

18F-FDG PET for evaluation of bone marrow infiltration in staging of lymphoma: a meta-analysis.

The ability of PET with (18)F-FDG to evaluate bone marrow infiltration in patients with lymphoma has been a matter of extensive investigation with controversial results. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate systematically, with a meta-analysis, the diagnostic performance of (18)F-FDG PET in this setting. METHODS: Relevant studies were identified with MEDLINE and EMBASE searches (last update, August 2004). Data on the diagnostic performance of (18)F-FDG PET were combined quantitatively across eligible studies. We estimated weighted summary sensitivities and specificities, summary receiver-operating-characteristic (SROC) curves, and weighted summary likelihood ratios. We also conducted separate analyses according to various subgroups. Bone marrow biopsy (BMB) was used as the reference standard. RESULTS: Thirteen eligible nonoverlapping studies, which enrolled a total of 587 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. The independent random-effects weighted estimates of sensitivity and specificity against BMB were 51% (95% confidence interval [CI], 38%-64%) and 91% (95% CI, 85%-95%), respectively. Results were consistent in the SROC curve: a sensitivity of 51% corresponds to a specificity of 92%, whereas a specificity of 91% corresponds to a sensitivity of 55%. The weighted positive likelihood ratio (LR+) was 5.75 (95% CI, 348-9.48) and the negative likelihood ratio (LR-) was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.55-0.82). Six of 12 patients with positive (18)F-FDG PET and negative initial biopsy were found to have bone marrow involvement when biopsy was performed at the sites with positive imaging signals. Subgroup analyses showed better sensitivity in patients with Hodgkin's disease and in aggressive histologic types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma than in patients with less aggressive histologic types and in studies using unilateral BMB compared with those using bilateral biopsy. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis showed that (18)F-FDG PET has good, but not excellent, concordance with the results of BMB for the detection of bone marrow infiltration in the staging of patients with lymphoma. (18)F-FDG PET may complement the results of BMB and its performance may vary according to the type of lymphoma.     

18F-FDG PET, combined FDG-PET/CT and MRI for evaluation of bone marrow infiltration in staging of lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and purpose

Evaluation of bone marrow infiltration is an essential step in the staging of lymphoma. The accuracy of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET), combined ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing bone marrow involvement of lymphoma has never been systematically assessed, and the present systematic review was aimed at this issue.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library and some other databases, from January 1995 to July 2010, were searched for initial studies. All the studies published in English or Chinese relating to the diagnostic value of ¹⁸F-FDG PET, PET/CT and MRI for patients with bone marrow involvement of lymphoma were collected. We extracted data to calculate sensitivity, specificity, SROC curves and AUC and to test for heterogeneity. The statistic software called “Meta-Disc 1.4” was used for data analysis.

Result

In 32 included studies, PET/CT had the highest pooled sensitivity, 91.6% (95%CI: 85.1, 95.9) and highest pooled specificity, 90.3% (95%CI: 85.9, 93.7). PET/CT also had the highest pooled DOR, 68.89 (95%CI: 15.88, 298.92). The AUC of PET, PET/CT, and MRI were 0.9430, 0.9505 and 0.8764. There was heterogeneity among studies and no evidence of publication bias.

Conclusion

PET/CT was a highly sensitive and specific modality in diagnosing patients with bone marrow involvement in lymphoma. Compared with MRI and PET alone, PET/CT can play important roles in the staging of lymphoma.     

磷酸盐尿性间叶肿瘤的临床特点及其综合影像学表现

目的 探讨磷酸盐尿性间叶肿瘤（PMT）的临床特点及其综合影像学表现。 方法 回顾性分析2014年3月至2018年11月于上海交通大学附属第六人民医院经组织病理学检查确诊的38例PMT患者（其中男性22例、女性16例,年龄8~72岁, 中位年龄45.5岁）的临床资料,以及超声、CT、MRI、99Tcm-联肼尼克酰胺-酪氨酸3-奥曲肽（99Tcm-HYNIC-TOC）SPECT/CT、99Tcm-亚甲基二膦酸盐（99Tcm-MDP）SPECT/CT骨显像和18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET/CT的影像学表现,分析并总结PMT的临床特点及其综合影像学表现。 结果 PMT患者的临床症状主要表现为进行性全身骨痛、肌肉无力以及肿瘤原发部位局部不适等;术前患者的血液生化检查结果显示血磷水平降低。38例患者中,有超声、CT、MRI、99Tcm-HYNIC-TOC SPECT/CT、99Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT骨显像和18F-FDG PET/CT显像资料者分别为8、20、18、12、8、7例。PMT患者的超声图像表现为肿瘤内低或混合回声,血流信号丰富。50.0%（4/8）骨组织来源的PMT患者在CT上表现为溶骨性病变;软组织来源的12例PMT患者在CT上表现为异常软组织密度灶或软组织肿块。PMT患者的病灶在 MRI上均表现为T1加权像等低信号、T2加权像高低混杂信号,增强MRI表现为肿瘤实性部分明显强化。PMT患者99Tcm-HYNIC-TOC SPECT/CT显像阳性率为83.3%（10/12）。PMT患者99Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT骨显像均呈多发异常骨代谢活跃灶,其中1例软组织来源的肿瘤显示为病灶放射性摄取轻度增高。PMT患者18F-FDG PET/CT显像中所有病灶的葡萄糖代谢均增高,最大标准化摄取值为3.1~10.7,中位数为4.0。 结论 PMT的临床特点主要表现为肿瘤导致的低磷性骨软化,而原发肿瘤的表现不突出;影像学表现没有特异性,99Tcm-HYNIC-TOC SPECT/CT、99Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT骨显像及18F-FDG PET/CT检查可能有助于临床对PMT进行准确地定位并评估患者的全身情况。