胃大部切除后食管癌和贲门癌的外科治疗——附24 例报告

目的：探讨胃大部切除术后食管癌和贲门癌的手术方式、处理要点和预后。方法：１９８９ 年１ 月～１９９７ 年１２ 月２４ 例胃大部切除术后食管癌和贲门癌患者实行手术治疗,其中食管癌１５ 例,贲门癌９例。残胃代食管３ 例,空肠代食管胃７ 例,回结肠代食管胃５ 例,结肠代食管胃经胸骨后颈部吻合９ 例。结果：胸腔内吻合１５ 例,１ 例发生吻合漏（６ ．７ ％ ） ,第１９ 天死亡,颈部吻合９ 例,２ 例发生吻合口漏（２２ ．２ ％ ） ,无死亡。１ 年生存率为８６ ．７ ％ ,３ 年生存率为５３ ．３ ％ 。结论：结肠经胸骨后代食管胃是颈部吻合较理想的选择,胸腔内吻合可视具体情况选择残胃、空肠、回结肠代食管胃。     

全胸段食管切除经食管床颈部吻合食管重建术(附831例报告)

为改进食管癌的手术操作技术,降低残端癌的发生率,提高近期手术治疗效果。方法：我院胸外科自１９９２年１月～１９９７年５月共完成全胸段食管切除。经食管床颈部吻合食管重建术８３１例。结果：本组手术死亡率１．８％（１５／８３１）;断端癌发生率１．４％（１２／８３１）;术后并发症发生率２１．８％（１８１／８３１）,其中颈部吻合口瘘的发生率６．０％（５０／８３１）．全部病例中１８４倒采用了带蒂舌骨下肌群肌瓣覆盖吻合口术,颈部瘘的发生率降至１．１％（２／１８４）。结论：进一步证明了增加食管癌患者食管切除长度和彻底清除颈、胸、腹各组区域淋巴结的重要性,同时提出了几项预防颈部瘘的有力措施。     

消化道颈部吻合100例临床体会

消化道颈部吻合１００例临床体会苏汝康，郭慧，廉建红食管中上段癌行食管癌根治颈部吻合术，约占食管癌手术的２／５［１］。吻合口瘘是其严重的并发症，国内文献报道发生率为２．６％～６．４％，死亡率在３８．１％～５３．６％之间［２］。临床上颈部吻合口瘘的发生率...     

胃大部切除术后食管癌的手术治疗

目的：探讨胃切除术后食管癌（Ｅｃａ）的手术治疗方式和效果。方法：对１９８７年～１９９６年间手术治疗８１５例Ｅｃａ中４１例胃切除后Ｅｃａ的手术治疗进行分析。１例胸下段Ｅｃａ行切除并残胃食管弓下吻合术，４０例右胸入路行右半结肠代食管术合并颈、胸、腹淋巴结清除术。结果：４１例胃切除术后Ｅｃａ颈、上纵隔、中下纵隔和腹部淋巴转移率分别为３４．１％、２１．９％和１９．６％。并发症发生率４８．７％。颈部吻合口瘘发生率３４．１％，无手术死亡。全组３、５年生存率４１．６％和１５．４％。根治性手术３、５年生存率４６．６％和２２．２％。姑息手术无１例生存超过５年。３年生存率１４．３％。结论：对胃切除术后Ｅｃａ颈、上纵隔和腹部淋巴结清扫很重要。结肠代食管术为安全有效办法。右半结肠经胸骨前、后径路代食管术是胃切除后Ｅｃａ手术的最好方法之一     

食管癌根治性放疗后复发的手术治疗

目的：探讨食管癌根治性放疗后复发例手术治疗问题。方法：１９８３年１月至１９９５年１０月间,对４８例食管癌根治性放疗后复发病例施行手术治疗,手术以左侧进胸胃代管弓下吻俣,二切口左侧进胸胃代食管颈部吻合及一切口右侧进胸胃或结工食管颈部吻合完成。结果：手术切除率７９．２％,手术死亡率１２．５一并发症率３５．４％,最常见的并发症为吻合口中瘘。切除组术后１,３,５年生存率分别为６５．８％、２８．９％、１８．     

食管癌切除颈部食管胃(结肠)单层Gambee吻合术——附643例报告

目的：探讨扩大食管癌切除范围、预防吻合口漏发生,提高手术安全性的手术方式。方法：１９９２年４ 月～１９９８ 年１２ 月共完成全胸段食管切除、左颈部食管胃（ 结肠） 单层 Ｇａｍｂｅｅ 吻合术６４３ 例。结果：颈部吻合口漏发生率０ ．８ ％ （５／６４３） ;手术死亡率１ ．４ ％ （９／６４３） 。结论：食管胃（ 结肠） 单层 Ｇａｍｂｅｅ吻合能有效地预防吻合口漏的发生,提高手术安全性。     

高位食管癌切除颈部吻合的治疗结果（附414例报告）

我们报告了高位食管癌的外科治疗结果。从１９６１年７月～１９９０年１２月，手术治疗高位食管癌４１４例，其中颈段２９例、胸上段２３９例、高位胸中段１４６例。手术切除率９０．８％。吻合口瘘发生率２０．５％，喉返神经损伤１２％。手术死亡率７．４％，术后１、３、５、１０和１５年的生存率分别是７２．３％，３９．５％，３３．１％，２６，６％和２０．５％。结果表明，食管大部切除食管胃颈部吻合术已成为治疗高位食管癌的重要方法和常规术式。Ｐ—ＴＮＭ分期、手术的根治性和淋巴结转移情况是影响远期疗效的重要因素。术前放疗可明显提高切除率，但未能改善远期生存率。     

胃大部切除后食管癌和贲门癌的外科治疗——附24例报告

目的：探讨胃大部切除术食管癌和贲门癌的手术、处理要点和预后。方法：１９８９年１月￣１９９７年１２月２４例胃大部切除术后食管癌和贲门癌患者实行手术治疗,其中食管癌１５例,贲门癌９例。残胃代食管３例,空肠代食管胃７例,回结肠代食管胃５例,结长食管胃经胸骨后颈部吻合９例。２例发生吻合品漏（２２．２％）,无死亡。１年生存率为８６．７％,３年生存率为５３．３％。结论：结肠经胸骨后代食管胃是颈部吻合较理想的造     

食管癌和贲门癌术后吻合口瘘防治体会（附38例分析）

切除食管癌和贲门癌７９０例，术后发生吻合口瘘３８例，发生率４．８％。１２例颈部吻合口瘘经局部切开引流全部治愈，２６例胸内吻合口瘘死亡２３例。作者认为鉴于胸内吻合口瘘愈合差，颈部吻合口瘘预后好，主张对胸段食管癌行全胸段食管切除，颈部食管胃（肠）吻合术；避免吻合口张力，胃游离要充分；保证吻合口血运，注意保护胃部血管；食管胃吻合时层次对准；用大网膜加固吻合口；加强术前、术后护理，围术期应用足量抗菌素。胸内吻合口瘘，则主张胸腔闭式引流加空肠造瘘。本组存活的３例即用此法治愈。     

颈段食管癌91例外科治疗经验总结

本文报告了颈段食管癌９１例外科治疗的经验，手术方式以食管内翻剥脱、全食管切除的方法最好，将胃或结肠从管床上提取颈部。根据病变上毋位置决定是否保留喉。Ｔ３、Ｔ４病变占绝大多数，本组为８１例（占８９％）。以术前放中手术的治疗方式疗效最好，３年生存率５４．３％，５年生存率５１．６％，估于单纯主单纯放疗。本组病例术后下颈１部及锁骨上复发１７例，占１８．６％，纵隔溧巴结转移２例，占２．２％，术前放尖包括颈部     

E-钙粘蛋白及PTEN基因编码蛋白与胃癌浸润转移

目的:观察抑癌基因PTEN蛋白和ECD在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法:以兔抗人PTEN多克隆抗体、鼠抗人ECD单克隆抗体,采用SABC免疫组化法,检测100例胃癌手术切除标本中拟测指标的表达。以χ2和Logrank检验对结果做统计学分析。结果:ECD、PTEN蛋白在非癌胃粘膜中均见表达;在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失。ECD异常表达率为42.0%;弥漫型胃癌异常表达率(48.57%),明显高于肠型胃癌(26.67%),(P<0.05);ECD异常表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。胃癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失率为59%;弥漫型胃癌缺失率(65.71%)明显高于肠型胃癌(43.33%),(P<0.05);伴淋巴结转移的胃癌缺失率(64.47%)明显高于无淋巴结转移者(41.67%),(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白缺失的患者比阳性表达者预后差(P=0.0066)。65.85%PTEN阳性表达者同时伴ECD正常表达。结论:两种标志物与胃癌浸润转移有关,PTEN表达与胃癌患者预后密切相关。将两种指标联合检测,可作为正确判断胃癌患者预后,指导临床治疗的分子生物学指标。     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

世界卫生组织骨质疏松症防治工作报告和防治建议

引 言 作为对第51号综合处理非传染性疾病预防与控制的世界卫生组织决议的反应,1998年7月WHO成立了致力于不断完善对骨质疏松预防和治疗策略的工作小组。小组成员来自世界各国致力于骨质疏松研究的知名专家。Harry K.Genant为本届主席。这一项世界范围内的骨质疏松教育计划旨在通过世界范围的研究,不断改善对骨质疏松的诊断水平和发展并完善对骨质疏松病人的合理治疗。其重点将以发展中国家为主。并为各国政府及其卫生部门和病人群体提供世界性有关骨质疏松症的总体的、完整的指导性资料。该项研究、教育计划的实施将由世界各国的骨质疏松症研究和治疗机构共同完成,并经权威学术机构、政府和非政府组织进行有针对性的回顾研究,最终由WHO审议通过。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancers

BACKGROUND: Frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in many observational studies. METHODS: We prospectively investigated the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (88 764 women) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (47 325 men). Diet was assessed and cumulatively updated in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990 among women and in 1986 and 1990 among men. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum was ascertained up to June or January of 1996, respectively. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated with the use of pooled logistic regression models accounting for various potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: With a follow-up including 1 743 645 person-years and 937 cases of colon cancer, we found little association of colon cancer incidence with fruit and vegetable consumption. For women and men combined, a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.05). A difference in vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.03 (95% CI = 0.97-1.09). Similar results were obtained for women and men considered separately. A difference in fruit consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR for colon cancer of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89-1.03) among women and 1. 08 (95% CI = 1.00-1.16) among men. For rectal cancer (total, 244 cases), a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.02 (95% CI = 0.95-1.09) in men and women combined. None of these associations was modified by vitamin supplement use or smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: Although fruits and vegetables may confer protection against some chronic diseases, their frequent consumption does not appear to confer protection from colon or rectal cancer.