青少年焦虑情绪与生长发育因素的关系

目的:了解青少年焦虑情绪与生长发育的关系,为临床工作提供依据。方法:采用《焦虑自评量表》和体格检查表,对洛阳市在校青少年1 000人进行调查。结果:青少年焦虑情绪的检出率为26.70%,女性的检出率高于男性,高中生高于初中生,矮身材青少年检出率高于偏矮身材及非矮身材者,有肥胖症的高于无肥胖症者,性发育延迟的高于无性发育延迟者,女性雄激素过多症者高于无雄激素过多症者,男性乳腺增生Ⅲ期的高于乳腺增生不明显的,反复呼吸道感染(RRI)的高于无RRI的青少年,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);有无性早熟史者检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:青少年焦虑情绪与生长发育异常有关,应及时干预。     

广东省城市学生吸烟与被动吸烟现状及吸烟危害认知调查

目的了解城市青少年吸烟与被动吸烟状况及吸烟相关认知状况，了解学校控烟措施开展情况，为进一步开展针对性的控烟工作提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法，在广州市、江门市抽取大学、中学、小学各1所，各调查100名学生，在增城市抽取中学、小学各1所，各调查100名学生，采用中国疾病预防控制中心控烟办公室统一设计的《学生被动吸烟调查问卷》对学生吸烟、被动吸烟情况、吸烟相关知识等进行调查。结果共调查学生800人，其中男生474人，女生326人。学生现在吸烟率为6．3％，男生为8．4％，女生为3．1％，大、中、小学生分别为8．0％、7．3％、4．0％。学生在家里和家外遭受被动吸烟的比例分别为32．4％和36．1％。学生中父母、朋友、老师吸烟，学生自身尝试吸烟率较高。学生对吸烟与被动吸烟损害健康的知晓率分别为95．9％和91．1％。小学生控烟相关教育开展较好，大学校园内控烟宣传栏和组织控烟为主题的活动较少。结论青少年吸烟和被动吸烟情况较为严重，要通过大力开展学校控烟健康教育工作，提供控烟与戒烟相关服务与资讯，来预防青少年吸烟和减少二手烟的危害。     

School nurse perceptions of barriers and supports for children with diabetes

Adolescents with type 1 diabetes are likely attending most middle and high schools. These youth often do not receive the support needed to manage their diabetes during or after school. Nurses (n=110) from 3 states responded to a survey examining perceptions of barriers to and supports for diabetes management during school and after school activities. Results indicated that adolescents need more support at school. Support could be facilitated by education of school staff; improved communication among youth, parents, school nurses, teachers, and physicians; and more communication from adolescents to others about what they need to manage well in school. Open-ended questions allowed nurses to provide recommendations for supporting youth and ideas for addressing barriers to management at school. Future studies should address ways to enable adolescents to communicate about their diabetes and ways to educate the school team.     

校外青少年艾滋病防治服务利用因素研究

[目的]探索影响校外青少年主动利用艾滋病防治服务的因素，为促进其更好的利用服务提供理论依据。[方法]采用非概率方便抽样的方法调查了512名10-24岁的校外青少年，所得资料采用SPSS11．5进行一般统计描述和多元logistic回归分析。[结果]11．4％（57／499）的校外青少年主动利用过艾滋病防治服务；经多元logistic回归分析发现，个体居住地的艾滋病高流行、同伴支持主动利用服务以及与家人谈论有关艾滋病的话题3个因素是校外青少年主动利用艾滋病防治服务的促进因素，而个体较低的经济水平是其主动利用服务的阻碍因素。[结论]发展综合的青少年友好服务，一加大艾滋病的宣传力度，为青少年主动利用服务营造支持性环境；改善校外青少年的生产技能，提高其经济收入，为其利用服务提供经济基础。     

青少年超重肥胖及校园欺凌与抑郁的关系研究

目的 了解青少年超重肥胖及校园欺凌对抑郁的联合作用,为防控青少年抑郁提供科学证据。方法 2020年于自贡市进行一次横断面调查,共调查三个区两个县的11所中学。对所有研究对象进行抑郁、校园欺凌等问卷调查和身高、体重等体格测量。使用多重线性模型和logistic模型在控制协变量后分析超重肥胖与校园欺凌的联合作用与抑郁的关系。结果 3 022名青少年（51.8%男性;平均年龄14.5岁）纳入本研究,超重肥胖率为17.3%,校园欺凌率为20.2%,抑郁平均得分为11.8,抑郁倾向占比25.6%。超重肥胖青少年相对于体重正常青少年其受到校园欺凌的可能性更高（23.3% vs 19.5%,P = 0.046）。相对于无超重肥胖且未受到校园欺凌的青少年,无超重肥胖但受到校园欺凌的青少年和超重肥胖且受到校园欺凌的青少年抑郁得分更高（β = 3.88,P＜0.001; β = 5.04,P＜0.001）、抑郁倾向更明显（OR = 2.37,95%CI:1.88～2.98,P＜0.001;OR = 3.11,95%CI:2.07～4.65,P＜0.001）;超重肥胖但未受到校园欺凌的青少年的抑郁得分和抑郁倾向无差异。无超重肥胖且未受到校园欺凌、超重肥胖但未受到校园欺凌、无超重肥胖但受到校园欺凌、超重肥胖且受到校园欺凌四组抑郁的患病风险呈上升趋势（OR = 1.49,95%CI:1.35～1.63,P＜0.001）。结论 需关注超重肥胖青少年的校园欺凌现象,以预防其出现抑郁倾向。     

The Association of Obesity and School Absenteeism Attributed to Illness or Injury Among Adolescents in the United States, 2009

PurposeSchool attendance can impact academic performance. Childhood obesity-related physical and psychosocial consequences are potentially associated with school absenteeism. Thus, we examined the association between school absenteeism attributed to illness or injury and obesity among adolescents aged 12–17 years.MethodsWe used a weighted sample of 3,470 U.S. adolescents from the 2009 National Health Interview Survey. School absenteeism was measured from the parent-reported number of sick days taken in the preceding 12 months. Body mass index was calculated from parent-reported weight and height. Weight status was classified based on the sex-specific body mass index-for-age percentile defined by the CDC growth charts. Poisson regression was conducted to examine the association between school absenteeism and weight status, controlling for selected sociodemographic characteristics and disease status.ResultsThe mean number of annual sick days was 3.9 days overall; 3.4 days among normal-weight, 4.4 days among overweight, and 4.5 days among obese adolescents. Obese adolescents had a higher proportion of missing ≥4 days of school per year than adolescents of normal weight. Our multivariate analyses found that compared with adolescents of normal weight, overweight and obese adolescents had greater than one-third more sick days annually (rate ratio = 1.36 for overweight and 1.37 for obese adolescents).ConclusionsOverweight and obese adolescents had 36% and 37% more sick days, respectively, than adolescents of normal weight. The results suggest another potential aspect of obesity prevention and reduction efforts among children and families is to improve children's school attendance.     

978名在校青少年性行为发生情况及避孕知识调查

目的:了解在校青少年性行为发生情况及对避孕知识,为青少年合理避孕提供参考依据。方法:对重庆市2所学校进行随机分层抽样问卷调查,并行相关分析。结果:共发放1350份问卷,回收合格问卷978份纳入分析。调查对象中有5.8%发生过性行为。≤13岁、14~15岁、16~17岁、≥18岁发生性行为人数分别为0、5例(1.9%)、21例(8.0%)、31例(13.5%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);家庭离异组与非离异组发生性行为人数分别为25例(25.8%)、32例(3.6%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。不同性别、民族、居住地、家庭人均月收入及监护人学历的调查对象发生性行为的比率无统计学差异。宣教前后调查对象对避孕措施的了解有差异(P<0.05)。结论:在校青少年性行为的发生与年龄有关;离异家庭青少年更易发生性行为。对中学进行避孕知识宣教能增进其对避孕措施的了解。     

Prevalence and correlates of active traveling to school among adolescents in Cyprus

More data regarding prevalence and correlates of active travel to school are needed from different parts of the world. The purpose of this study was to examine prevalence and correlates of active travel to school among adolescents in Cyprus. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1966 adolescents attending grade 6, grades 7-9, grades 10-12 and technical/vocational schools in Cyprus. Overall prevalence of active travel to school was 19.4%. Parental perceptions of safe route to school, other children walking to school from the child's neighborhood and school location (urban versus rural) were associated with active travel across different levels of education. Having enough time to walk to school in the moming was the most consistent correlate of active travel. Low prevalence estimates of active traveling to school among adolescents in Cyprus raise the need to promote this source of daily physical activity.     

上海市青少年AIDS知识水平的现状调查

对上海市普通中学530名及护校383名学生进行了AIDS知识水平现状调查,研究发现青少年的AIDS知识水平(主要在AIDS传播方式上)存在明显不足,提示对青少年开展AIDS健康教育的必要性;随年龄增加,青少年的AIDS知识水平呈上升趋势;对AIDS传播方式的知识,护校学生表现出较高的正确率。结果还显示报刊杂志和广播电视是青少年获取AIDS知识的主要途径(占90.6％),而学校和家庭所起作用较小,表明在AIDS健康教育中应重视大众传播媒介、学校和家庭的共同作用。     

School Socioeconomic Composition and Adolescent Sexual Initiation in Malawi

Numerous studies have documented the determinants of sexual behavior among adolescents in less‐developed countries, yet relatively little is known about the influence of social contexts such as school and neighborhood. Using two waves of data from a school‐based longitudinal survey conducted in Malawi from 2011–13, this study advances our understanding of the relationship between school‐level socioeconomic contexts and adolescents’ sexual activity. The results from two‐level multinomial logistic regression models suggest that high socioeconomic composition of the student body in school decreases the odds of initiation of sexual activity, independent of other important features of schools and individual‐level characteristics. This study also finds that the association between school socioeconomic composition and sexual activity is statistically significant among male adolescents but not female adolescents, suggesting that schools’ socioeconomic contexts may be more relevant to male adolescents’ initiation of sexual activity.     

Criterion distances and correlates of active transportation to school in Belgian older adolescents

Background  

Since physical activity levels in older adolescents have the potential to be increased by stimulating active transportation to school (ATS), the most important correlates of ATS should be determined before developing interventions, especially in those adolescents for whom the distance to school is feasible for active commuting. The main aims of this study were to determine criterion distances for ATS in Belgian older adolescents, to examine multidimensional correlates of ATS in adolescents living within a feasible distance from school and to investigate the associations of ATS with total physical activity and with other physical activities besides ATS.     

Health behaviour among adolescents in Denmark: influence of school class and individual risk factors

AIMS: The aim of this study was to assess the relative influence of school class on health behaviour among adolescents versus that of the family's socioeconomic status and individual factors among adolescents. METHODS: The material comprised 3,458 students in grades 8 and 9 in 244 school classes. Data were collected through questionnaires completed by the students and by their class teacher and information from the school physician. Multilevel analysis was used to indicate the relative significance of individual and school class characteristics. RESULTS: We find no consistent pattern between the mother's socioeconomic status and the included health behaviour measurements; however, adolescents from the lower socioeconomic groups had a higher risk of unhealthy dietary habits and adolescents whose mothers were unemployed had a significantly lower risk of drinking alcohol weekly versus all other adolescents. Not living with both biological parents, focusing on friends, and not being very academically proficient were associated with an increased risk of harmful health behaviour. Health behaviour varied substantially between school classes, especially for daily smoking, weekly alcohol consumption, and use of hashish and other euphoriants. Circumstances in the school class more profoundly influenced risk behaviour among adolescents (smoking, alcohol consumption, and use of hashish or other euphoriants) than their dietary habits (eating breakfast, frequent intake of fruit and vegetables, and frequent intake of soft drinks). CONCLUSIONS: The school class had the relatively strongest influence on adolescents' risk behaviour (smoking, alcohol intake, and use of hashish or other euphoriants), whereas family circumstances comprised the strongest influence on dietary habits.     

Physical and spatial assessment of school neighbourhood built environments for active transport to school in adolescents from Dunedin (New Zealand)

Adolescent active transport to school (ATS) is influenced by demographic, social, environmental and policy factors. Yet, the relationship between school neighbourhood built environment (SN-BE) and adolescents’ ATS remains largely unexplored. This observational study examined associations between observed, objectively-measured and perceived SN-BE features and adolescents’ ATS in Dunedin (New Zealand). Adolescents’ perception of safety of walking to school was the strongest correlate of ATS among adolescents living ≤ 2.25 km of school, whereas assessed micro- and macro-scale SN-BE features were not significantly correlated with ATS. Adolescents’ perceptions of walking safety should be considered as a part of comprehensive efforts to encourage ATS.     

Nordic adolescents' school lunch patterns and their suggestions for making healthy choices at school easier

This article examines Nordic adolescents' school lunch patterns and their perceptions of how making healthy choices at school could be easier. Analysis is based on a quantitative data-set collected between 2006 and 2007 as part of a Nordic research project. The sample of 1539 respondents consisted of 14-17 year old adolescents from Finland, Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. The number of adolescents regularly eating either a packed lunch or a hot school lunch differed between countries and statistically significant differences were found between girls' and boys' school lunch patterns in the Swedish and Finnish data. Results suggest that adolescents have an understanding of what is healthy, but that school resources do not always support their ability to make healthy choices. Adolescents' own suggestions for improvement imply that more attention should be paid to building a healthy school food environment. An important future challenge is trying to involve school health care personnel and aligning classroom activities more coherently with adolescents' eating patterns during the school day.     

初中教育阶段流动儿童心理健康影响因素队列研究

  目的  分析初中教育阶段流动儿童心理健康的总体状况、变动趋势以及影响因素。  方法  各期资料均来源于中国教育追踪调查。2013-2014学年基线调查采用分层次、多阶段、与规模成比例的概率抽样方法,全国初中教育阶段10 279名七年级学生进入调查队列,2014-2015学年一期追访到9 449人,选取其中1 645名流动儿童作为分析对象。基于调查问卷中的学生自报心理健康量表,采用t检验方法和多元线性回归模型开展流动儿童心理健康的单因素分析和多因素分析。  结果  1 645名初中教育阶段流动儿童的基线心理健康总体得分为(8.33±3.31)分,比非流动儿童得分(8.03±3.17)高,随时间推移到追踪期升高至(8.60±3.79)分,43.3%的被调查者更高频地出现消极心理状态。性别、认知水平、居住方式、兄弟姐妹数量以及学校排名等对心理健康总体得分产生的影响差异具有统计学意义(均有P < 0.05)。  结论  流动儿童心理健康状况相对于非流动儿童更加脆弱,且有持续恶化趋势。流动儿童中的女性、认知能力较弱者、不与父母双方同住者、非独生子女以及所在学校排名中等及以上者心理健康状况偏差。     

The alcohol-related psychosocial and behavioral risks of a nationally representative sample of adolescents

This study, a secondary analysis of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, used a representative sample of 7th-through 12th-grade students enrolled in US public schools between April and December 1995. Data were collected in respondents' homes using trained interviewers. A subset of 4,485 adolescents aged 12-17 were surveyed with regard to alcohol-use practices and related health-risk behavior, interpersonal problems, and demographic characteristics. Results showed adolescent males as significantly more likely to drink at high risk than adolescent females. Among those who drank one or more times in the past year, older adolescents were significantly more likely to report high-risk drinking than younger adolescents. Significantly more high-risk adolescents reported having a hangover, vomiting, regretting a behavior, having trouble with parents, regretting a sexual activity, having dating problems, fighting, having trouble with friends, and experiencing school trouble than did low-risk adolescents. These findings underscore the long-range significance of a coordinated school health program; in particular, school health services, school health instruction, and school health environment. Implications for school-based and community-based prevention and intervention programs are presented.     

广州市青少年网络成瘾影响因素分析

目的 了解广州市青少年网络成瘾的相关影响因素,为制定有效的干预措施提供科学依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取广州市城市在校大、中学生和农村地区在校中学生11939名,以“青少年健康危险行为调查”问卷为工具进行调查.结果 广州市青少年过去7d里上网率为78.96％;过去7d里每天上网超过4h的比例为14.07％,男生(17.70％)远高于女生(10.95％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).学生网络成瘾率为8.25％,男生(10.88％)高于女生(5.99％);职业中学学生最高(10.25％),初中生最低(6.98％),差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).青少年网络成瘾与性别、学校类型、学习成绩、感到孤独及因学习问题而感到心情不愉快等因素相关(P值均＜0.01).结论 广州市青少年网络成瘾状况值得重视.必须采取综合性措施加强对网络成瘾青少年高危人群的预防控制,减少青少年网络成瘾的发生.     

Decreased births among black female adolescents following school desegregation

Although the socioeconomic impact of school desegregation in the U.S. has been well documented, little is known about the health consequences of this policy. The purpose of this study was to quantify the associations between school desegregation and adolescent births among black and white females. We compared the change in prevalence of adolescent births in areas that implemented school desegregation plans in the 1970s with areas that implemented school desegregation plans in other decades, using difference-in-difference methods with 1970 and 1980 Census microdata. School desegregation policy in the U.S. in the 1970s was associated with a significant reduction of 3.2 percentage points in the prevalence of births among black female adolescents between 1970 and 1980. This association was specific to black female adolescents and was not observed among white adolescents.     

Adolescents living in boarding houses in Nsukka,Enugu State,Nigeria I: Meal patterns,nutrition knowledge and nutrient intake

The meal patterns, nutrition knowledge and nutrient intake of 287 secondary school adolescents aged 13–18 years, living in boarding houses were determined. The meal patterns and nutrition knowledge were determined by questionnaire. The dietary intake study was conducted on 50 adolescents over a 7‐day period and nurient intake calculated from the nutrient composition of foods consumed. Ninety‐two per cent (92%) of the adolescents depended on both school meals and snacks. About 87% skipped school meals at some time. Meal skipping depended on such factors as availability of money to purchase snacks, availability of food in adolescent's locker, school regulations regarding school meals, the quality of food served and the adolescents attitude towards certain foods. The most popular snacks were “Okpa”, a pudding made from bambara groundnut (Voandaeia subterranea) and soaked “garri” (fermented cassava product) with or without groundnuts. The energy and calcium intake (337–398 mg/d) for both sexes were below FAO/WHO standards. The energy intake of the male adolescents (35–37 kcal/kg) was higher than that of the female adolescents (28–30 kcal/kg). However, anthropometric indices showed that the female adolescents had better nutritional status compared to their male counterparts. Intakes of protein and iron were above FAO/WHO standards but were marginal for phosphorus. The adolescents had a fair nutrition knowledge with a percentage mean score of 56.1 ± 14.5. However, nutrition knowledge was not significantly related to nutrient intake.     

Peer Reviewed: School Lunch Source and Adolescent Dietary Behavior

Introduction

As rates of childhood obesity rise, the nutritional content of lunches eaten at school is more heavily scrutinized. We examined the association between dietary behaviors and the number of days that adolescents bring lunch to school.

Methods

We analyzed cross-sectional data for 2,774 adolescents who responded to the 2005 California Health Interview Survey and reported dietary behaviors for a weekday.

Results

In bivariate analyses, adolescents who typically brought their lunch from home 5 days per week ate fast food on fewer occasions; consumed fewer servings of soda, fried potatoes, and high-sugar foods; and ate more fruit and vegetables compared with adolescents who never brought their lunch to school. In linear regressions controlling for demographics, body mass index, desire to change weight, parent education, and adult presence after school, students who typically brought their lunch to school 5 days per week ate fast food 0.35 fewer times and consumed 0.35 fewer servings of soda, 0.10 fewer servings of fried potatoes, 0.25 fewer servings of high-sugar foods, and 0.95 more servings of fruit and vegetables per day compared with students who never brought their lunch to school.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that adolescents who bring lunch to school from home have more positive dietary behaviors than do adolescents who get their lunches from other sources. Improving the nutritional quality of foods offered from other sources, such as the National School Lunch Program and competitive foods, could help improve adolescent dietary behaviors.