胃浆肌瓣覆盖式食管吻合治疗贲门失弛缓症78例体会

为防止贲门失弛缓症术后返流及狭窄,我们设计用胃浆肌瓣覆盖式食管胃吻合保留迷走神经治疗贲门失弛缓症。采用此术式治疗78例贲门失弛缓症,无手术死亡,无吻合口瘘。术后半年至1年内有25例病人行头低脚高位食管钡餐检查,吻合口2.O～2.2cm者4例,1.5～2.0cm者20例,1.3cm者1例,未见返流现象。术后1～3年,20例病人行食管镜检查,食管粘膜正常者19例,有1例轻度粘膜充血水肿。此术式效果良好,有实用价值。     

改进的贲门癌切除食管胃端侧吻合术

1995年起我们的96例贲门癌病人,行改进的贲门癌切除、食管胃端侧吻合术,无一侧发生吻合口狭窄及吻合口瘘。术后6个月内行头低脚高位钡餐X线检查43例病人中,吻合口直径1.0～1.5cm。食管镜检及活检31例中,13例轻度粘膜充血水肿,余者正常。     

食管粘膜插入胃浆肌瓣包套吻合术的临床研究

目的：为减少食管癌术后反流性食管炎的并发症发生率。方法：设计了吻合口粘膜对粘膜、粘膜管插入胃腔、胃浆肌层瓣包套吻合的手术方法。应用该手术方式30例与同期食管胃常规吻合方法30例进行对比研究，术后10d行上消化道造影检查，术后6个月行食管镜活组织检查和食管内反流液pH值测定。结果：两组均无手术死亡。对照组发生1例吻合口漏。插入组各种检测数据明显优于对照组。结论：该术式接近生理要求，能有效地预防食管癌术后并发症，特别在预防吻合口狭窄和反性食管炎方面有更为可靠的效果。     

食管胃瓣膜式吻合术对抗返流作用的临床研究

目的:探讨食管胃瓣膜式吻合术在下段食管癌切除术后抗吻合口反流中的作用. 方法:2009年5月至2011年5月,对31例食管下段癌行癌肿切除,食管-胃肌瓣胃腔内瓣膜式吻合术,年龄34-76岁,男25例,女6例.其中3例食管下段癌行弓上吻合,余28例均行弓下吻合.结果:全组无近期手术死亡,无明显返酸、嗳气、烧心、胸痛等返流症状发生.术后8-14天对全部患者行上消化道造影,影像学表现吻合口处极象正常人的贲门管存在,通畅无狭窄;患者倒立位,亦无造影剂返流.术后14天至1.5年对全部患者行吻合口上5cm的食管、吻合口、吻合口下5cm的胃腔内测压及食管内24小时pH的测定并行内镜检查,结果显示食管胃吻合口上方的压力明显高于吻合口下方,24小时食管pH监测结果表明不存在病理性胃食管返流,胃镜检查全部患者吻合口上方的食管粘膜清亮、光洁,无潮红、充血、糜烂、溃疡等食管炎的征象发生.结论:食管-胃肌瓣胃腔内瓣膜式吻合术是抗食管胃吻合术后吻合口返流行之有效的手术方法.     

远端极量胃次全切除术

目的探寻远端极量胃次全切除术的可行性和安全性。方法对2005年1月至2007年4月第四军医大学西京医院普通外科远端极量胃次全切除术45例的临床资料进行分析。其中43例胃癌病人施行胃切除术,2例溃疡病行远端胃大部切除术后残胃吻合口溃疡反复出血者,将脾胃韧带内由脾下极向上的数支胃短血管分支离断,在切断胃短血管的近胃底胃大弯缘至贲门下2cm连线切除荷瘤胃。将仅由3支胃短动脉或2支胃短动脉及胃后动脉提供血运的残胃与空肠行Billroth-Ⅱ式胃空肠吻合。结果胃癌术后病理石蜡切片报告上切缘均干净,未发现肿瘤细胞。术后随访2~45个月,未出现吻合口癌及残胃癌复发,未发生胃缺血或吻合口瘘等并发症,术后残胃的功能正常。2例溃疡病行远端胃大部切除术后,残胃吻合口溃疡反复出血者术后无再出血发生。结论仅保留2支胃短动脉及胃后动脉,或3支胃短动脉的远端极量胃次全切除术是一种安全、实用的胃切除方法。     

胃大部切除术后吻合口溃疡的诊治

目的 探讨胃大部切除术后吻合口溃疡的诊治方法.方法 1985年3月至2008年6月期间兰州大学第一医院收治的胃大部切除术后吻合口溃疡患者29例,均经胃镜证实,其中男16例,女13例;年龄30～51(40±3.0)岁;19例为十二指肠球部溃疡术后,10例为胃溃疡术后.初次手术到溃疡再发症状的时间,最短1例为1个月,其余28例为3～4年.2例吻合口溃疡穿孔及4例吻合口溃疡出血者行包括吻合口在内的残胃部分切除、胃空肠Roux-Y吻合术;其余均给予非手术治疗.结果 行再手术治疗者术后发生切口感染1例,行保守治疗;所有患者均治愈,随访1～5年,未出现溃疡复发.结论 吻合口溃疡首选保守治疗,多数可治愈.再次手术方式可采用残胃部分切除加胃空肠Roux-Y吻合术.     

贲门-食管癌切除术后隧道式胃-食管吻合60例体会

贲门、食管病变行食管胃部分切除术后消化道重建方式有多种,术后吻口漏的发生率较高,约4%~12%。作者2005年1月~2009年2月对60例患者采用胃-食管隧道式吻合完成消化道重建,无吻合口漏发生,且能有效防止术后胃食管返流,现报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组60例,男性38例,女性22例;平均年龄61.5(47~76)岁。其中,贲门癌35例,食管癌25例。均有不同程度的吞咽困难。术前均获病理学诊断:腺癌35例,腺鳞癌3例,鳞癌22例。组织学分化程度:Ⅰ~Ⅱ级44例,Ⅲ级16例。行根治性手术45例,姑息性切除15例,均采用胃-食管隧道式吻合完成消化道重建。1.2吻合操作要领1.2.1制备隧道盖在食管或胃、食管部分切除后,关闭残胃端。在胃底前壁距边缘约2 cm处,大小弯之间作一与食管等宽的横切口(约3.0~3.5 cm)至粘膜下层,但不切开粘膜。在其远侧3 cm处另作一等长之平行切口,用剪刀将此两个切口之间位于粘膜下层与浆肌层之间的结缔组织打通,第2个切口以电凝行粘膜下止血。此时,已制备成约3.0 cm×3.0 cm之隧道盖。1.2.2靠拢胃与食管将肿瘤上方5~6 cm处正常食管[修回日期]2009-11-...     

胃次全切除间置顺蠕动空肠重建贲门术治疗贲门癌

目的:减少胃贲门癌行胃次全切除术后并发症,提高患者生活质量。方法:对21例胃贲门癌,行保留幽门的胃次全切除术,在食管与残胃之间,间置顺蠕动空肠,并在食管空肠吻合口下方3cm左右重叠缝合空肠浆肌层重建人工贲门。结果:随访患者的胃排空时间为2.0±0.5h,无贫血、倾倒综合征,食管及吻合口炎症1例。结论:本术式术后并发症少,返流性食管炎发生率低,病人生活质量明显提高。     

应用直线型缝合器行食管胃侧侧吻合术

目的探讨在食管不同手术入路中应用直线型缝合器行食管胃吻合以减少术后吻合口狭窄的效果。方法自2008年1月~2009年10月应用直线型缝合器纵向缝合食管胃吻合口后壁,使吻合口后壁延长至3 cm以上,应用可吸收缝线连续缝合吻合口前壁,完成食管胃侧侧吻合12例。术后随访观察进食情况,纤维胃镜、造影评估吻合口内径。结果12例均顺利完成食管胃吻合术,胸内吻合10例(83.3%),颈部吻合2例(16.7%)。经左胸切口行食管胃弓下吻合6例,经左胸切口行食管胃弓上吻合2例,经腹部正中切口、右胸切口行食管胃胸顶吻合2例,经三切口行食管胃颈部吻合2例。术后无吻合口瘘,切缘无癌残留,但发生腹部切口感染1例。术后随访1~18个月,进食通畅,行胃镜检查4例,造影检查8例,吻合口直径平均1.5(1.4~1.7)cm,无吻合口狭窄。结论应用直线型缝合器行食管胃吻合通过增加吻合口内径、改变吻合口位置减少了术后吻合口狭窄的发生,是替代传统管型吻合器吻合的有效手术方法。     

食管胃、空肠唇状吻合术的临床应用

目的探讨食管胃空肠吻合术对预防食管癌、贲门癌术后并发症的影响。方法54例食管癌、贲门癌患者采用食管胃、空肠唇状单层Gambee法吻合,食管胃吻合43例,食管空肠吻合11例。结果全组术后恢复顺利,无吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄及明显反流性食管炎发生。术后3～12月钡餐检查示吻合口口径平均1.6(1.2～2.0)cm。54例平均随访5.8(1.5～8.0)年,术后3年、5年生存率分别为47.6%(20/42)和14.3%(14/28)。结论单层唇状吻合重建消化道有单层吻合和套入式吻合的双重优点,可防止吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄和反流性食管炎的发生。     

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目的 总结139例采用食管吻合器的断流术经验，并观察治疗门静脉高压症的疗效。方法 对139例肝硬化性门静脉高压症采用食管吻合器的联合断流术治疗。结果 无手术死亡。腹腔内继发性出血2例（1．44％），肺不张和肺部感染各1例（0．72％），脾静脉血栓3例（2．16％），无食管吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄。肝性脑病发生率0．72％（1／139）；再了血率2．16％（3／139）；手术1－3个月后，97例术前肝功能属Child-Pugh B级者有，76例转为A组；71例于术后半年接受过胃镜或食管吞钡检查，食管胃底曲张静脉消失者43例（60．56％），显著改善者27例（38．03％），无变化者1例（1．41％）。结论 应用食管吻合器的联合断流术治疗肝硬化性门静脉高压症的疗效较好，再出血率低，并发症少，是一种值得推广的治疗门静脉高压症的方法。     

Simplifying minimally invasive transhiatal esophagectomy with the inversion approach: Lessons learned from the first 20 cases

HYPOTHESIS: The laparoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy can be simplified and performed safely and effectively by using a novel esophageal inversion technique. DESIGN: Case series describing technique, initial experience, and learning curve with laparoscopic inversion esophagectomy. SETTING: Tertiary care university hospital and veteran's hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty consecutive patients with high-grade dysplasia (n = 16) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 4). INTERVENTION: Laparoscopic inversion esophagectomy, a totally laparoscopic approach to transhiatal esophagectomy that incorporates distal to proximal inversion to improve mediastinal exposure and ease of dissection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Perioperative end points and complications, compared between the first and second groups of 10 patients. RESULTS: There were 19 men and 1 woman. Median operative time was 448 minutes. Median blood loss was 175 cm3. Median intensive care unit stay was 4 days, and median total hospital stay was 9 days. Overall anastomotic leak rate was 20%. Five patients developed an anastomotic stricture, all successfully managed with endoscopic dilation. There were 2 recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries, which resolved. There was no intraoperative or 30-day mortality. Between the first 10 consecutive cases and last 10 procedures, the incidence of anastomotic leak and stricture formation decreased from 30% to 10% and 40% to 10%, respectively. During this period, the number of lymph nodes harvested increased 9-fold, and duration of intensive care unit stay decreased from 8.00 to 2.50 days. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic inversion esophagectomy is a safe procedure. The learning curve for the inversion approach is approximately 10 operations in the hands of esophageal surgeons with advanced laparoscopic expertise.     

Cervical esophagogastric anastomosis with a new stapler in the surgery of esophageal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: A new reusable circular stapler for cervical esophagogastric anastomosis (CEGA) has been used to substitute the traditional method of hand-sewn cervical anastomosis. METHODS: Over a 2-year period (09/1998-11/2000), the stapler was engaged on operations of 112 patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma, and the anastomosis was performed through both cervical and thoracic incision. The operative approaches were through left thoracotomy in 85 cases, and through right thoracotomy in 27 cases. The results were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: All of the 112 CEGA operations were successfully performed on the patients who underwent esophageal resections, and no operative mortality and anastomotic leakage occurred. Excluding the two patients with the anastomotic recurrent carcinoma, anastomotic stricture occurred in 12 cases (10.9%, n=110). Median time to the presentation of anastomotic stricture was 4.3 months (range 2.6-25.3 months), and the median number of dilatations was 3 (range 1-5). When divided into the 24 and 26 mm groups, the respective incidences of stricture were 12.3 (7/57) and 9.4% (5/53), respectively, and the statistical results of the two sizes of staplers were essentially the same (P=0.6691). Eight patients experienced nonanastomotic-related complications (7.3%, n=110), in which there were three cases of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, four cases of the left side pneumothorax, and one case of perforation of the proximal stomach. There was also a case of stapling gauze at anastomosis. Some of the complications were closely related to the initially improper use of the new stapler's craft. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that CEGA using the new circular stapling device in surgery of the esophageal carcinoma is a very effective procedure to improve the anastomotic technique from a traditional hand-sewn anastomosis to a stapled anastomosis and can reduce the incidence of complications.     

经腹切开膈肌脚纵隔内行食管胃或空肠机械吻合术治疗贲门部癌

目的 探索治疗贲门部癌的手术入路新方法。方法 经腹切开膈肌脚入,用国产吻合器行纵隔内食管胃吻合89例、食管空肠吻合16例。结果 在切除肿瘤及其上方7cm食管的同时,清除纵隔下部淋巴结,淋巴结转移率为20．9％。全组病例无手术死亡,无吻合口瘘,亦无食管切缘癌残留。术后并发症发生率4．76％,5年生存率39％。结论 经腹切开膈肌脚纵隔内食管胃（空肠）机械吻合术,操作简便,术野暴露良好,创伤及生理扰乱较小,能有效地预防吻合口瘘,且便于切除足够长度食管和扩大淋巴结清除范围。适用于浸润食管长度＜2cm的贲门部癌的外科治疗。     

Esophageal resection for achalasia: indications and results

Although esophagomyotomy is highly effective as the initial surgical treatment of most patients with achalasia, those with either recurrent symptoms after a previous esophagomyotomy or a megaesophagus do not respond as well to esophagomyotomy. Total thoracic esophagectomy was performed in 26 patients (average age, 49 years) with achalasia. Eighteen had a history of a previous esophagomyotomy, and 18 had a megaesophagus (esophageal diameter of 8 cm or larger). In 24 patients, a transhiatal esophagectomy without thoracotomy was the operative approach; 2 patients required a transthoracic esophagectomy because of intrathoracic adhesions from prior operations. The stomach was used as the esophageal substitute in all patients; it was positioned in the posterior mediastinum, and a cervical anastomosis was performed. Intraoperative blood loss averaged 765 mL. Major postoperative complications included mediastinal bleeding requiring thoracotomy (2), chylothorax (2), and anastomotic leak (1). There were no postoperative deaths. The average postoperative hospital stay was ten days. Follow-up is complete and ranges from 3 to 91 months (average duration, 30 months). All but 1 patient with severe psychiatric disease eat a regular, unrestricted diet without postprandial regurgitation. Early postoperative anastomotic dilation was required in 10 patients. Dumping syndrome has occurred in 5 patients. It is concluded that esophagectomy provides the most reliable treatment of esophageal obstruction, pulmonary complications, and potential late development of carcinoma in the patient with a megaesophagus of achalasia or a failed prior esophagomyotomy and that it is a far better option in these patients than esophagomyotomy, cardioplasty procedures, or limited esophageal resection.     

肛门内括约肌切除套入式吻合保肛术治疗超低位直肠癌61例

目的探讨经腹经肛门行肛门内括约肌切除套入式吻合保肛术治疗超低位直肠癌的安全性和临床效果。方法回顾性分析北京军区北京总医院收治的61例超低位直肠癌（距肛缘4－5cm）患者接受经腹肛门内括约肌切除套入式吻合保肛术治疗的临床资料。结果61例患者中男34例,女27例;平均年龄56．7岁。癌灶下缘距肛缘4cm者21例,5cm者40例：病理诊断直肠腺癌55例,其中高分化者24例,中分化者29例,低分化者2例;腺瘤癌变6例;TNM分期：T1N0M0为36例,T2N0M0为23例,T3N1M0为2例。术后1-3个月排粪自控能力明显改善,6-12个月时肛门排粪控制功能基本恢复正常。术后发生吻合口瘘2例（3.3％）,吻合口狭窄3例（4．9％）。54例（88．5％）患者接受了术后随访,中位随访时间为6．2年。术后复发3例（5．6％）,5年生存率73．5％。结论肛门内括约肌切除套人式吻合保肛术治疗超低位直肠癌是一种安全、有效的保肛术式。     

腹腔镜经膈肌裂孔近端胃切除治疗食管胃交界部腺癌98例

目的探讨腹腔镜经膈肌裂孔近端胃切除治疗食管胃交界部腺癌（AEG）的安全性及近期临床效果。方法回顾2008年8月至2011年5月接受腹腔镜经膈肌裂孔近端胃切除术治疗的98例AEG患者的临床资料,分析手术时间、术中出血情况、食管切除长度、淋巴结清扫情况及术后近期并发症。结果腹腔镜下完成近侧胃切除术96例,中转开腹2例（联合脾切除术1例,联合脾脏、胰尾切除术1例）。手术时间（224．1±33．7）min;术中出血（69．4±26．1）ml;切除食管长度（4．0±0．6）cm;术后病检切缘均无癌残留;获取淋巴结（16．4±5．7）枚／例。术中损伤胸膜14例,损伤脾脏3例;术后吻合口瘘1例,无吻合口狭窄、术后出血、切口（包括穿刺孔）感染及围手术期死亡病例。随访时间3～30个月,术后1个月和3个月反流性疾病问卷表评分分别为（9．9±4．4）和（9．3±4．3）,无切口（包括穿刺孔）癌种植,随访期间死亡5例。结论腹腔镜经膈肌裂孔近侧胃切除治疗AEG安全可行．近期临床效果较好。     

经肛荷包单吻合器技术在高难度低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用

为探讨经肛荷包单吻合器技术在高难度低位直肠癌前切除保肛手术中的优越性,选择因肥胖、骨盆狭窄、远端闭合困难或器械吻合失败的距肛门7cm以下的超低位直肠癌患者121例,在严格遵循TME原则的前提下,采用经肛荷包单吻合器技术行保肛手术治疗。结果显示,121例患者全部完成保肛手术,2例（1．65％）术后2周内发生吻合口漏,3例（2．47％）发生吻合口狭窄,3例（2．47％）局部复发,无手术死亡。结果表明,采用经肛荷包单吻合器技术对高难度低位直肠癌行直肠癌前切除保肛手术疗效满意,方法简单、安全,值得临床推广。     

全覆膜食管金属支架治疗高位食管疾病

目的评价全覆膜食管金属支架在高位食管狭窄和瘘以及术后吻合口狭窄和瘘治疗中的有效性和安全性。方法复旦大学附属中山医院内镜中心2005年5月至2013年7月间,应用16mm全覆膜食管金属支架对84例高位食管狭窄和瘘以及术后吻合口狭窄和瘘进行治疗。其中食管癌性狭窄31例,食管外压性狭窄2例,食管癌放疗后狭窄10例,食管癌术后复发致狭窄4例,吻合口狭窄27例,内镜黏膜下剥离术后食管狭窄1例,食管．气管瘘7例,食管一纵隔瘘1例,食管癌术后残胃瘘1例。狭窄或瘘口上缘距中切牙距离15～20cm者48例,大于20cm者36例。结果84例患者共置入100枚支架,术中无出血和穿孔等并发症发生。支架置入术后患者吞咽困难、呛咳症状均迅速缓解。术后并发症发生率为6．0％（5／84）,其中严重胸痛2例,经止痛药物缓解;气管塌陷1例,予气管切开术;支架移位2例,内镜下应用异物钳对支架位置进行调整。76例（90．5％）患者获得完整随访,5-3％（4／76）的患者出现再狭窄,2．6％（2／76）新发食管．气管瘘;其中5例接受再次内镜下置入全覆膜金属支架术并获成功,另1例经沙氏探条扩张及氩离子凝固术治疗效果满意。结论全覆膜食管金属支架治疗高位食管狭窄和瘘以及术后吻合口狭窄和瘘安全、有效,可考虑作为临床首选。     

全直肠系膜切除术加改良Bacon手术治疗超低位直肠癌的临床研究

目的探讨全直肠系膜切除术(TME)加改良Bacon手术治疗超低位直肠癌的手术适应证和手术操作方法。方法对76例确诊为直肠癌的癌灶下缘距肛门缘4~8 cm的患者,采用自制肛门牵开器经腹腔和肛门途径行TME加改良Bacon手术。结果全组手术均成功,无手术死亡,无吻合口瘘,2例发生吻合口狭窄。术后随访76例1~5年,术后3~5个月开始恢复排便自控功能,为3~6次/d;6个月以后肛门排便功能基本恢复正常,为1~3次/d。其中5例于术后1~2年吻合口区域局部癌复发(6.58%);1,3,5年生存率分别为100%,80.83%和68.37%。结论TME加改良Bacon手术是一种治疗无远处转移的Dukes A~C期超低位直肠癌的安全有效的方法。