融胚胎移植与新鲜胚胎移植多胎妊娠率的比较及相关因素分析

目的 比较冻融胚胎移植(FET)与新鲜胚胎移植的多胎妊娠率,分析多胎妊娠的相关因素,探讨移植不同数目的 胚胎对冻胚移植周期临床妊娠率的影响.方法 对经FET获得的1235例临床妊娠与经新鲜胚胎移植获得的1561例临床妊娠中的多胎妊娠进行回顾性分析.结果 多胎妊娠与移植周期(FET或新鲜胚胎移植)无关,而与女方的年龄、移植胚胎数、以及卵裂期胚胎或囊胚移植密切相关.在相同年龄段移植相同数目卵裂期胚胎时,FET 与新鲜胚胎移植的多胎妊娠率差异无统计学意义,增加移植胚胎数主要是增加了三胎妊娠率.＜35岁的妇女移植2个冻融胚胎的临床妊娠率可达36.1%.结论 多胎妊娠率与冻胚移植或新鲜胚胎移植无关.＜35岁的妇女移植2个冻融胚胎可以取得较好的妊娠率,同时可以降低FET周期的三胎妊娠率.     

移植2个胚胎发生双胎妊娠的风险因素分析

目的 探讨1次移植2枚胚胎时发生双胎妊娠的风险因素.方法 回顾性分析2970例1次移植2个胚胎移植周期资料,其中新鲜胚胎移植周期1984例、冻融胚胎移植周期986例,应用多因素Logistic回归法分析发生双胎妊娠的风险因素,并比较年龄＜35岁和≥35岁,移植0、1、2个优质胚胎以及不同移植时机的移植周期双胎妊娠率.结果 (1)多因素Logistic回归分析发现女方年龄与双胎妊娠呈负相关(P＜0.01)、移植优质胚胎个数和冻融胚胎移植与双胎妊娠正相关(均P＜0.01);(2)新鲜胚胎移植周期和冻融胚胎移植周期的双胎妊娠率在女方年龄＜35岁组均显著高于≥35岁组(16.0％比8.0％,P＜0.01;26.9％比14.2％,P＜0.01);(3)新鲜胚胎移植周期移植2个优质胚胎的双胎妊娠率显著高于移植0个和1个优质胚胎组(19.1％比5.4％和11.0％,均P＜0.01);冻融胚胎移植周期移植2个优质胚胎的双胎妊娠率亦显著高于移植0个和1个优质胚胎组(32.7％比10.8％和20.7％,均P＜0.01);(4)冻融胚胎移植周期双胎妊娠率显著高于新鲜胚胎移植周期(24.7％比14.9％,P＜0.01).结论 女方年龄、移植优质胚胎个数和冻融胚胎移植是双胎妊娠发生的高危因素;在冻融胚胎移植技术成熟的中心,对于女方年轻的患者,在FET周期建议单优胚移植.     

冻融胚胎移植周期最佳胚胎移植策略的研究

目的 通过分析冻融胚胎移植周期移植胚胎数量、质量与临床妊娠率和多胎妊娠率之间的关系探讨冻融胚胎移植周期最佳胚胎移植策略.方法 回顾性分析冻融胚胎移植周期995例次的临床资料,以年龄35岁分层分析移植不同数量胚胎、优质胚胎周期之间的临床妊娠率和多胎妊娠率的差异.结果 (1)年龄<35岁患者,移植1、2、3枚胚胎组的临床妊娠率分别为50.0%、56.6%、56.5%,双胎妊娠率分别为6.3%、43.8%、30.6%,各组间临床妊娠率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),移植1枚胚胎组的双胎妊娠率显著低于其他两组(P<0.05);移植单个优质胚胎组的临床妊娠率与其他含优质胚胎移植组相似,多胎妊娠率低于其他组.(2)年龄≥35岁患者,移植1、2、3枚胚胎组的临床妊娠率分别为0、47.3%、53.8%,双胎妊娠率分别为0、25.7%、25.7%,移植2枚和3枚胚胎组组间临床妊娠率、双胎率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);移植2枚胚胎其中含1枚优质胚胎组临床妊娠率与其他移植不同数目优质胚胎组相似,多胎妊娠率低于其他组.结论 移植胚胎数量、质量与冻融胚胎移植周期的临床妊娠率和多胎妊娠率之间关系密切;年龄<35岁患者建议施行单个优质胚胎移植以降低多胎妊娠率;年龄≥35岁患者建议移植2枚胚胎其中含有1枚优质胚胎,以获得满意的临床妊娠率和较低的多胎妊娠率.     

冻融胚胎移植周期中桑葚胚移植的可行性分析

目的 探讨影响冻融胚胎移植（FET）结局的相关因素及桑葚胚移植的可行性。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月1日至2021年12月31日北部战区总医院生殖医学科3 557个FET周期的临床资料。包括女方年龄、体质量指数（BMI）、移植日内膜厚度、胚胎移植数目和移植胚胎的类型。采用单因素、多因素logistic回归及诺莫预测列线图分析不同因素对于FET临床结局的影响。结果女方年龄、移植日内膜厚度、BMI、胚胎移植数目以及移植胚胎的类型均影响FET结局,其中女方年龄≤35岁组、内膜厚度>1.0 cm组、BMI 18.5～25.0 kg/m2组、移植2个胚胎组临床结局相对更好,D5囊胚（65.1%）、桑葚胚移植组（57.0%）临床妊娠率均高于卵裂胚移植组（53.4%）,差异均有统计学意义（均P <0.01）。结论 在FET周期中,女方年龄、移植日内膜厚度、胚胎移植数目以及移植胚胎的类型均是影响FET妊娠结局的重要因素。D5囊胚最容易妊娠,临床结局最好,桑葚胚次之,但两者都明显优于D6囊胚和D3卵裂胚,在FET周期中可考虑桑葚胚进行移植。     

不同年龄阶段移植1和2枚新鲜或冻融胚胎时的妊娠结局

目的 探讨年龄＜38岁及≥38岁患者,在新鲜或冻融胚胎移植周期中移植1和2枚D3胚胎时胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率、多胎妊娠率等的差异.方法 回顾性分析浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院生殖中心自2010年1月1日至2012年12月31日所有移植1和2枚D3胚胎共7465个周期资料,其中移植1枚胚胎周期1546个,移植2枚胚胎周期5919个;新鲜胚胎移植周期2447个,冻融胚胎移植周期5018个.结果 (1)年龄＜38岁患者移植2枚胚胎与移植1枚胚胎比较:无论新鲜或冻融胚胎移植周期,胚胎着床率差异均无统计学意义,临床妊娠率显著上升(新鲜胚胎移植周期53.3％及35.5％,冻融胚胎移植周期59.8％及38.0％,均P＜0.01)、双胎妊娠率显著上升(新鲜胚胎移植周期28.7％及0.6％,冻融胚胎移植周期:31.1％及3.0％,均P＜0.01);(2)年龄≥38岁患者移植2枚胚胎与移植1枚胚胎比较:新鲜胚胎移植周期胚胎着床率显著上升(20.3％及9.5％,P ＜0.05),冻融胚胎移植周期胚胎着床率差异无统计学意义;临床妊娠率均显著升高(新鲜胚胎移植周期33.2％及9.5％,冻融胚胎移植周期39.0％及21.1％,均P＜0.01);双胎妊娠率显著升高(新鲜周期19.4％、冻胚周期13.4％),移植1枚胚胎周期无双胎妊娠发生.结论 年龄＜38岁患者移植2枚胚胎可显著提高临床妊娠率,但同时多胎妊娠风险显著增加,在充分知情同意情况下可以建议移植1枚胚胎;年龄≥38岁患者建议移植2枚胚胎.     

体外受精- 胚胎移植周期中年龄、移植胚胎数量和质量对妊娠结局的影响

目的 分析体外受精-胚胎移植周期中年龄、移植胚胎数量和质量对妊娠结局的影响.方法 回顾性分析2006年1月～2007年12月间行体外受精(NF)/卵胞浆内单精子显微注射(ICSI)的不孕患者共1800个周期,根据患者年龄分为＜30岁组,30～35岁组和≥135岁组,统计各组中分别移植1、2、3个胚胎和移植0、1、2、3个优质胚胎时的临床妊娠率和多胎妊娠率.结果 (1)小于30岁组中,移植1、2、3个胚胎者的临床妊娠率均无统计学差异,移植1个者未见多胎妊娠的发生.移植2个和3个优胚有相似的妊娠率,并显著性高于移植0个和1个优胚者.(2)30～35岁组中,无论是移植2个和3个胚胎或是移植2个和3个优胚妊娠率均无统计学差异,且均显著性高于移植1个或是0个和1个优胚者,同时移植3个优胚者的多胎妊娠率显著性增加.(3)大于35岁组的临床妊娠率在移植1、2、3个胚胎者中差异无统计学意义,移植3个优胚者妊娠率显著性高于移植0、1和2个优胚者,多胎妊娠率无论在移植1、2、3个胚胎者还是在移植1、2、3个优胚者中,均呈递增趋势,在移植3个优胚者显著性增加.结论 年龄＜30岁的患者和年龄≥130岁的患者分别选择单优质胚胎和2个优质胚胎移植,可获得理想妊娠率,同时减少多胎妊娠的发生,对于年龄≥35岁的患者应尽量避免移植非优质胚胎.     

以胚胎质量评分预测体外受精-胚胎移植妊娠结局

目的探讨移植胚胎质量与体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)妊娠结局关系,并探讨本中心采用的胚胎质量评分能对体外受精妊娠结局起到的预测作用。方法对2002年3月至2003年12月间的136对夫妇,141 个完全随访的移植周期按各种情况分组,并对各组的平均年龄、胚胎评分、移植胚胎数、妊娠率、种植率及多胎妊娠等进行分析。结果每移植周期中的最佳胚胎均分随年龄增加而递减(P=0．002 3);随移植的优质胚胎数增加,胚胎种植率显著增加(P=0．015),多胎率也依次递增;至少有一枚胚胎评分≥8分的移植周期与≤7分的移植周期相比,胚胎种植率明显增高(P=0．020)。结论患者胚胎质量随年龄递减,妊娠率随之下降,以35岁为界线;移植胚胎评分≥8分能预见较高的妊娠可能性;优质胚胎移植数与多胎妊娠的发生密切相关。     

同时移植3枚胚胎后发生三胎妊娠的风险因素分析

目的 探讨1次移植3枚胚胎时造成三胎妊娠的风险因素.方法 回顾分析769例一次性移植3枚胚胎周期资料,其中新鲜胚胎移植周期298例、冻融胚胎移植周期471例,分析不同周期类型、女方年龄和移植优胚数与临床妊娠率及三胎妊娠率的关系.结果 (1)冻融胚胎移植周期的临床妊娠率56.1%及三胎妊娠率10.2%均显著高于新鲜胚胎移植周期的临床妊娠率48.0%和三胎妊娠率4.2%(均P＜0.05);(2)新鲜胚胎移植周期中三胎妊娠均发生于年龄＜35岁组(P＜0.01);冻融胚胎移植周期年龄＜35岁和≥35岁组三胎妊娠率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);(3)新鲜胚胎移植周期移植优胚数分别为0、1、2、3枚时临床妊娠率分别为28.3%、46.7%、50.6%、58.7%,三胎妊娠率分别为0、2.3%、4.7%、6.8%,移植1枚优胚组与移植2枚优胚组临床妊娠率差异无统计学意义,但有较低的三胎妊娠率(P＜0.05);冻融胚胎移植周期移植优胚数分别为0、1、2、3枚时临床妊娠率分别为38.9%、54.8%、59.7%、63.9%,三胎妊娠率分别为0、5.0%、13.8%、15.8%,移植1枚优胚组与移植2枚优胚组相比临床妊娠率相近但三胎妊娠率显著降低(P＜0.05).三胎妊娠均发生于移植≥1枚优质胚胎周期(P＜0.05).结论 冻融胚胎移植周期较新鲜胚胎移植周期易发生三胎妊娠;冻融胚胎移植周期可不考虑年龄因素,建议移植≤2枚胚胎,当有≥2枚优质胚胎移植时,建议行选择性单囊胚移植;新鲜胚胎移植周期当有优胚移植且年龄＜35岁时建议移植≤2枚胚胎.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the risk factors for triplet pregnancy after a simultaneous transfer of triplicate embryos. Methods The investigators carried out a retrospective analysis of 769 cycles in which three embryos were transferred in one treatment cycle, including 298 fresh embryo transfer (ET) cycles and 471 frozen-thawed ET (FET) cycles. The impact of patient age and the number of good embryos transferred on the rates of clinical pregnancy and triplet pregnancy was studied according to different cycle types. Results ( 1 ) The rates of clinical and triplet pregnancy were significantly higher in the FET group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) than those in the fresh ET group; (2) all patients with a triplet pregnancy in the fresh ET group (n =6) were younger than 35 years old (P ＜ 0. 01 ). There was no significant difference between the subgroups in the FET cycle according to patient age ( P ＞ 0. 05 ); ( 3 ) when none, 1,2 or 3 good embryos were transferred in the fresh ET cycle, the clinical pregnancy rates were 28.3%, 46. 7%, 50. 6% and 58.7% and the triplet pregnancy rates 0, 2. 3%, 4. 7% and 6. 8% respectively. A similar clinical pregnancy rate (P ＞ 0. 05 ) and a significantly lower triplet pregnancy rate ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) were observed when 1 good embryo was transferred versus 2 good embryos ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). When 0, 1,2 or 3 good embryos were transferred in the FET cycle, the clinical pregnancy rates were 38.9%, 54. 8% , 59.7%, 63.9% and the triplet pregnancy rates 0, 5.0%,13.8%, 15.8% respectively. A similar clinical pregnancy rate (P ＞0. 05) and a significantly lower triplet pregnancy rate (P ＜ 0. 05 ) were observed when 1 good embryo was transferred versus two good embryos (P ＜ 0. 05 ). All triplet pregnancies occurred in cycles in which more than 1 good embryo was transferred (P ＜0. 05). Conclusion The patients have more triplet pregnancies in the FET cycle than in the fresh ET cycle. In the FET cycle, the patient age is irrelevant. It is recommended that no more than 2 embryos should be transferred. Selective single blastocyst embryo transfer is preferable if there are more than 2 good embryos available for transfer. No more than 2 embryos should be transferred in the fresh ET cycle if good embryos are available and a patient is under 35 years old.     

437例冷冻胚胎移植结果的相关影响因素分析

目的 探讨冷冻胚胎移植（FET）结果的相关影响因素.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月～2012年6月在广东省妇幼保健院生殖中心进行FET周期中437例患者的临床资料,探讨年龄、子宫内膜准备方案、子宫内膜厚度、胚胎类型及移植时间对FET结果的影响.结果 获得临床妊娠171例（39.14％）,子宫内膜厚度＜10 mm或≥10 mm的患者临床妊娠率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;年龄、与移植细胞胚胎类型及移植时间选择排卵后第3天或第4天这两组间的临床妊娠率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;年龄≥35岁是导致妊娠率降低的因素（OR=0.015）,移植胚胎选择＞10个细胞期单胚胎/M期胚胎及2或3个M期胚胎均可增加妊娠率,而后者妊娠成功的可能性更大（OR=3.225、4.671）.移植时间选择排卵后4d（自然周期）或者黄体酮（40 mg/d）转化4d相对于3d者其妊娠可能更大（OR=1.986）.结论 患者年龄、子宫内膜的准备、胚胎类型和数目、移植时间选择均可对FET的结果造成影响.     

年龄及移植胚胎数目对妊娠结局的影响

目的比较各年龄段妇女行辅助生殖技术(IVF/ICSI)治疗的临床结局,探讨年龄及移植胚胎数目对妊娠结局的影响。方法回顾性分析进行IVF/ICSI第1周期治疗,采用长方案超排卵,第2天或第3天移植2～3个胚胎的病例共3 105个周期纳入研究。35岁以下移植胚胎数不超过2个,35岁以上移植胚胎数不超过3个。按年龄≤30岁、31～34岁、35～37岁、≥38岁进行分组。结果在不同的不孕类型、不孕原因以及不同的助孕方式对着床率、妊娠率以及早期流产率无影响的情况下,取卵取消率随年龄增加显著增加(P<0.001),着床率、妊娠率随年龄增加显著下降(P<0.001),多胎妊娠率在≤30岁组以及35～37岁组尤为显著(分别为39.03%和41.01%)(P=0.004),38岁以上妇女早期流产率显著增加(P<0.05)。35～37岁组移植3个胚胎多胎率呈明显增加趋势。结论年龄是影响IVF/ICSI妊娠结局的独立因素,35～37岁组移植2个胚胎可以降低多胎率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.