M受体机制在粉防己碱保护心脏缺血再灌注损伤作用中的影响

目的　探讨M受体对粉防己碱抗心脏缺血再灌注损伤作用的影响。方法　以离体豚鼠工作心脏缺血再灌注为心肌损伤模型 ,观察乙酰甲胆碱 (Mch ,0 1μmol·L-1) ,粉防己碱 (Tet,0 3μmol·L-1)的心肌保护作用。结果　对照组在缺血复灌后 2 0min ,主动脉压 (AP)、左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室压力上升最大速率 (+dp/dtmax) ,左室压力下降最大速率 (-dp/dtmax)仅分别恢复至缺血前的 6 5 6 %±3 6 9%、6 7 9%± 9 0 9%、5 8 8%± 7 6 4%、48 6 %±8 38%。Mch、Tet使AP恢复至缺血前的 80 7%±11 70 %、77 2 %± 6 96 % (P <0 0 1vscontrol) ,LVSP恢复至 97 9%± 6 32 %、93 9%± 10 1% (P <0 0 1vscon trol) ,+dp/dtmax 恢复至 91 2 %± 11 99%、80 0 3%±9 2 4% (P <0 0 1vscontrol) ,-dp/dtmax恢复至 92 13%±6 89%、79 43%± 8 83% (P <0 0 1) ;对照组复灌后心输出量 (CO)、冠脉流量 (CF)均降低 ,恢复率不足 5 0 % ;Mch、Tet能使CO、CF维持于缺血前水平的 90 %、80 %以上。给予阿托品 0 1μmol·L-1阻断心脏M受体可见Mch、Tet保护心功能的作用明显受到抑制 ,心功能各项指标恢复程度与对照组差异无显著性。结论　调节心脏M受体能影响Tet的心肌保护作用。     

高压氧预处理对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的探讨高压氧预处理对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法 40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组,假手术组(SO组);缺血再灌注组(IR组);高压氧预处理1组(HBO1组);高压氧预处理2组(HBO2组),每组10只。测定4组大鼠经处理后血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)以及各组大鼠经处理后肝脏组织学变化。结果 HBO2组及IR组ALT、AST水平明显高于SO组(P<0.05);HBO2组ALT、AST水平高于IR组(P<0.05);与HBO1组比较,HBO2组及IR组ALT、AST浓度差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);HBO1组ALT、AST水平虽有上升,但与SO组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HBO1组肝脏组织、小叶及汇管区结构清晰,可见肝细胞轻度水肿及瘀血;IR组肝小叶及汇管区可见轻度炎细胞浸润,片状肝细胞水肿,少数明显内空泡样变,肝组织瘀血,肝细胞坏死轻微;HBO2组肝脏小叶结构存在,肝小叶及汇管区可见大量炎细胞浸润,肝细胞坏死严重,HBO2组肝细胞水肿、坏死范围大于IR组。结论适量的高压氧预处理对肝脏缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,而过量高压氧预处理,5d加重大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤。     

莲心碱对大鼠缺血再灌注损伤心肌的保护作用

目的:研究莲心碱对大鼠缺血再灌注损伤心肌的保护作用.方法:实验大鼠24只,随机分为3组,每组8只.假手术组:冠状动脉左前降支(LAD)处穿一丝线,但不结扎;损伤对照组:结扎冠状动脉LAD,造成心肌缺血再灌注损伤;药物组:结扎冠状动脉LAD前静脉注射莲心碱5 mg&#8226;kg 1.测定每组大鼠血清中磷酸肌酸激酶(CPK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量,心肌梗死范围(IS).结果:与假手术组和损伤对照组比较,药物组血清CPK、LDH活性与MDA含量明显降低(P＜0.01),心肌梗死面积减少(P＜0.05).结论:莲心碱对大鼠缺血再灌注损伤心肌有保护作用.     

预先给予粉防己碱对大鼠工作心脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

预给粉防己碱１５ｍｇ·ｋｇ￣（－１）每日２次连续３ｄ可以减轻大鼠工作心脏缺血再灌注心肌损伤；促进冠脉流出液，心输出量的恢复；防止左心室舒张末期压和等容舒张期左室内压下降时间常数的升高；抑制肌酸激酶释放；维持心肌线粒体Ｃａ￣（２＋）稳态。以上结果与硝苯地平关似。本研究表明粉防己碱对心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有较好的保护作用，以对心肌舒张功能及冠脉循环的保护为优。     

预先给予粉防已碱对大鼠工作心脏缺血再灌注损伤的…

预给粉防已碱１５ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１每日２次连续３ｄ可以减轻大鼠工作心脏缺血再灌注心肌损伤；促进冠脉流出液，心输出量的恢复；防止左心室舒张末期压和等容舒张期左室内压下降时间常数的升高；抑制肌酸激敏释放；维持心肌线粒体Ｃａ＾２＋稳态，以上结果与硝苯地平类似，本研究表明粉防已碱对心肌缺血再灌注损佃具有较好的保护作用，以对心肌舒张功能及冠脉循环的保护为优。     

川芎嗪对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的：研究川芎嗪对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法：SD大鼠随机分为5组：空白对照组、假手术组、缺血再灌注组、生理盐水组和川芎嗪组。其中空白对照组大鼠直接处死;假手术组开腹后60 min关闭腹腔;缺血再灌注组阻断70%肝血流60 min,再灌注4 h;生理盐水组予腹腔内注射生理盐水8 ml/kg,30 min后阻断70%肝血流60 min,再灌注4 h;川芎嗪组予腹腔内注射川芎嗪80 mg/kg,30 min后阻断70%肝血流60 min,再灌注4 h。速率法测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine aminotransferase,ALT）和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（aspartate aminotransferase,AST）活性,酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测血白介素-1（IL-1）、白介素-10（IL-10）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平。苏木素-伊红染色观察肝脏病理改变。结果：川芎嗪组血清ALT、AST、IL-1和TNF-α水平均比缺血再灌注组和生理盐水组明显降低（P〈0.05）,而IL-10则明显高于缺血再灌注组和生理盐水组（P〈0.05）。病理结果显示,川芎嗪组大鼠肝细胞损伤较缺血再灌注组和生理盐水组为轻。结论：川芎嗪对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与抑制炎性细胞因子生成及促进抗炎细胞因子表达有关。     

银杏内酯保护大鼠肝脏缺血/再灌注损伤作用的机制探讨

目的：观察银杏内酯对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响，探讨其保护大鼠肝缺血再灌注损伤作用的机制。方法：通过大鼠60min缺血、2h再灌注损伤模型，应用硝酸酶还原法测定肝脏缺血前5min和再灌注后10min，30min血清NO水平变化；测定再灌注后2h血清ALT、AST、LDH酶学差异和肝组织内ATP、MDA含量变化；再灌注2h取肝组织完成肝细胞、肝小叶显微结构和超微结构的观察。结果：肝脏缺血再灌注损伤后血清NO水平降低，ALT、AST、LDH水平升高；银杏内酯能提高再灌注后血清NO水平，并对ALT、AST、LDH的病理性升高有降低作用，且能改善肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的微循环，减轻肝细胞内超微结构的损害程度。结论：银杏内酯对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用，其作用机制可能是通过NO介导的。     

缺血预处理对肝脏缺血——再灌注损伤的保护作用机制及应用

随着肝脏外科的发展，在临床上肝移植术越来越多地应用于多种肝脏疾病。肝门阻断、选择性半肝血流阻断、全肝血流阻断等一系列外科技术的应用，以及肝移植、休克等过程中，均遇到肝脏缺血再灌注(Ischemia／reperfusion，I／R)损伤问题。如何提高肝脏的自我保护能力，调动其内源性的保护机制，目前已成为肝脏外科发展的方向和热点。本文就近年来国内、     

高渗灌注减轻正常及高血压大鼠心脏缺血再灌注损伤

目的：观察体外高渗灌注对正常及高血压大鼠心肌缺血及再灌注损伤的影响．方法：利用体外心脏逆行灌注装置将大鼠心脏在予以正常灌注液或高渗透压灌注液灌注后进行缺血及再灌注．监测缺血前后心肌功能、缺血后心肌肌酸激酶释放量,用高效液相加电化学法测定心肌儿茶酚胺释放量,用原子吸收光谱法测定再灌注后心肌钙离子含量．结果：高渗灌注可显著减轻正常及高血压大鼠心肌缺血损害,改善高血压大鼠缺血后心功能,减少心肌儿茶酚胺释放,但未能减少再灌注后心肌钙含量．结论：高渗灌注减轻心肌缺血与再灌注损害,其作用可能与减少心肌儿茶酚胺释放有关．     

缺血预处理对鼠肝细胞缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的探讨缺血预处理对肝组织的保护作用及肝组织耐受缺血的安全时限。方法将42只SD大鼠分为实验组、对照组和假手术组(SO组),实验组和对照组再依3个不同时限(40、50、60min)各分IR40、IR50、IR60及IPC+IR40、IPC+IR50、IPC+IR60亚组。检测各组大鼠超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、丙二醛、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)的含量,并行肝组织光镜、电镜观察。结果对照组SOD水平低于SO组,TNF-α、ALT及MDA水平高于SO组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组ALT、MDA水平和IPC+IR60亚组TNF-α水平均高于SO组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);除IPC+IR60亚组TNF-α、MDA水平与IR60亚组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);IPC+IR组其余亚组SOD、TNF-α、ALT及MD水平与IR组各相应亚组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论缺血预处理可明显减轻肝组织缺血再灌注所致肝损伤;预处理后肝门阻断50min可能是SD大鼠肝组织能耐受缺血的较安全时限。     

川芎嗪预处理对大鼠无创肢体缺血预适应心肌保护作用的影响

目的：探讨川芎嗪（TMP）预处理对大鼠无创肢体缺血预适应（R-IPC）心肌保护作用的影响。方法： 取成年雄性SD大鼠40只,随机均分为5组,分别为对照（Cont）组、缺血/再灌注（I/R）组、R-IPC组、TMP组、R-IPC＋TMP组。预处理时R-IPC组和R-IPC＋TMP组每天R-IPC预处理1次,连续 3 d;TMP组和R-IPC＋TMP组每天i.p. TMP 10 mg/kg 预处理1次,连续 3 d;末次预处理 24 h 后,制备Langendorff逆灌离体心脏并作I/R损伤模型;检测冠脉流出液中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸磷酸激酶（CPK）活性,心肌梗死面积,心肌组织丙二醛（MDA）含量,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、caspase-3活性,细胞凋亡情况。结果：R—IPC或TMP预处理24h后,大鼠心脏可有效对抗急性I／R损伤性的冠脉流出液中LDH、CPK活性以及梗死面积的增加,心肌组织中MDA含量上升和SOD、GSH—Px活性降低以及caspase-3活性和凋亡指数增加（P〈0．01）,表现出延迟保护作用;R—IPC与TMP共同预处理24h后,诱发的延迟保护作用——在LDH、CPK活性与梗死面积等指标上,二者间表现为相互协同作用稍逊于SOD、GSH－Px、caspase－3活性和凋亡数等指标。结论：TMP预处理可有效增强R—IPC对大鼠心脏急性I／R损伤之延迟保护作用。     

米力农对大鼠缺血再灌注损伤中的保护作用

目的探讨米力农对在体肺缺血再灌注（I／R）损伤的保护作用。方法夹闭大鼠左肺门1h，再灌注3h，建立在体缺血再灌注模型。将20只SD大鼠随机分成缺血再灌注组（对照组）；米力农组（实验组）。米力农组缺血前30min给予颈静脉推注米力农1mg／kg。再灌注3h后摘取左肺测超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力、丙二醛（MDA）含量及髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活力并行病理学检查。结果再灌注3h后，两组间MPO活力无显著性差异。对照组MDA（nmol／mgprot）含量为0．884±0．06，显著高于实验组0．494±0．11（P〈0．05），而SOD（U／mgprot）活力为16．094±10．73，显著低于实验组35．93±13．50。结论米力农对肺缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用，可能与其抗氧化作用有关。     

Ozone oxidative preconditioning inhibits inflammation and apoptosis in a rat model of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury

Ischemia/reperfusion injury, which is commonly seen in the field of renal surgery or transplantation, is a major cause of acute renal failure. Previous studies showed that ozone oxidative preconditioning (OzoneOP) attenuated renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. The objective of this study was to examine the role of the OzoneOP in modulating inflammation and apoptosis after renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Rats were subjected to 45 min of renal ischemia, with or without treatment with OzoneOP (1 mg/kg). Renal function, inflammation and apoptosis were compared at 24 h after renal injury. OzoneOP improved the renal dysfunction and reduced inflammation and apoptosis after ischemia/reperfusion injury. In conclusion, OzoneOP has potent anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. These findings may have major implications in the treatment of human ischemic acute renal failure.     

p38MAPK在纳洛酮减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的 研究大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤后p38 MAPK的变化及纳洛酮对其的影响.方法SD大鼠24只随机均分为假手术组(sham)、缺血再灌注组(IR)、纳洛酮组(Nal).采用结扎左冠状动脉左前降支30 min,再灌注2h制作心肌缺血再灌注模型.观察心电图J点电位的变化;Western Bloting检测p38 MAPK、...     

The effect of Allium sativum on ischemic preconditioning and ischemia reperfusion induced cardiac injury

In the present study, the effect of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on ischemic preconditioning and ischemia-reperfusion induced cardiac injury has been studied. Hearts from adult albino rats of Wistar strain were isolated and immediately mounted on Langendorff's apparatus for retrograde perfusion. After 15 minutes of stabilization, the hearts were subjected to four episodes of 5 min ischemia, interspersed with 5 min reperfusion (to complete the protocol of ischemic preconditioning), 30 min global ischemia, followed by 120 min of reperfusion. In the control and treated groups, respective interventions were given instead of ischemic preconditioning. The magnitude of cardiac injury was quantified by measuring Lactate Dehydrogenase and creatine kinase concentration in the coronary effluent and myocardial infarct size by macroscopic volume method. Our study demonstrates that garlic extract exaggerates the cardio protection offered by ischemic preconditioning and per se treatment with garlic extract also protects the myocardium against ischemia reperfusion induced cardiac injury.     

Graft preconditioning with low-dose tacrolimus (FK506) and nitric oxide inhibitor aminoguanidine (AGH) reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury after liver transplantation in the rat

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a main cause of primary dysfunction or non-function after liver transplantation (LTx). Recent evidence indicates that an increase in nitric oxide (NO) production after LTx is associated with I/R injury. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that low-dose FK506 in combination with aminoguanidine (AGH), which leads to a reduction of NO levels, has a protective effect by reducing I/R associated injury after LTx. Fortyone DA-(RT1av1) rats served as donors and recipients for syngenic orthotopic arterialised LTx. They were divided into 4 groups: controls without pre-/treatment (I), pre-/treatment with high-dose FK506 (II), pre-/treatment with AGH only (III), and pre-/treatment with low-dose FK506 in combination with AGH (IV). After LTx the laboratory parameters and liver biopsy were performed. The levels of transaminase (ALT) in groups I, II and III were significantly higher on day 3 after LTx compared to group IV (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.000). In group IV the I/R-associated liver necrosis rate was reduced significantly. Our results demonstrated that a combined dual pharmacological pretreatment (group IV) reduced I/R injury of the graft after LTx in a rat model.     

无创肢体缺血预处理联合后处理对心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨无创肢体缺血预处理(NILIPC)和后处理(NILIPostC)联合应用对体外循环心脏手术中心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法 60例风湿性心脏病拟行机械瓣膜置换者随机分为实验1、2、3组和对照组.实验1组在主动脉阻断前10 min右下肢实施NILIPC;实验2组在主动脉开放前10 min右下肢实施NILI...     

Therapeutic potential of cannabidiol against ischemia/reperfusion liver injury in rats

The therapeutic potential of cannabidiol, the major non-psychotropic Cannabis constituent, was investigated in rats exposed to ischemia/reperfusion liver injury. Ischemia was induced by clamping the pedicle of the left hepatic lobe for 30 min, and cannabidiol (5 mg/kg, i.v.) was given 1 h following the procedure and every 24 h thereafter for 2 days. Ischemia/reperfusion caused significant elevations of serum alanine aminotransferase and hepatic malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide levels, associated with significant decrease in hepatic reduced glutathione. Cannabidiol significantly attenuated the deterioration in the measured biochemical parameters mediated by ischemia/reperfusion. Histopathological examination showed that cannabidiol ameliorated ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver damage. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that cannabidiol significantly reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear factor-κB, Fas ligand and caspase-3, and increased the expression of survivin protein in ischemic/reperfused liver tissue. These results emphasize that cannabidiol represents a potential therapeutic option to protect the liver against hypoxia–reoxygenation injury.     

参麦注射液对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注心律失常的影响

目的 探讨参麦注射液对大鼠缺血/再灌注心律失常的影响及其作用机制.方法 复制大鼠缺血/再灌注模型,采用缺血10min和缺血60min两种模型观察缺血性心律失常,观察发生率最高的缺血10min后再灌注心律失常,对照组和参麦注射液组分别给予生理盐水和参麦注射液1.5ml/kg,动态Ⅱ导心电图监测室性早搏(PVB)、室性心动过速(VT)及心室颤动与扑动(VF)的发生率.结果 参麦注射液可明显减少缺血10min和60min心律失常PVB、VT、VF的发生率(P＜0.01),亦可明显减少再灌注10min心律失常VT(P＜0.05)及VF(P＜0.01)的发生率.结论 参麦注射液可明显减少大鼠缺血/再灌注心律失常的发生率.