乳腺癌肝转移患者预后的多因素分析

目的:分析影响乳腺癌肝转移患者的预后因素。方法:1996年1月~2003年12月,本院收治114例乳腺癌肝转移住院患者。利用Cox模型分析患者的预后因素。结果:乳腺癌肝转移患者的一线、二线、三线和四线化疗的疗效依此下降,分别为31.9%(22/69)、27.8%(10/36)、16.7%(3/18)和0%(0/10)。单因素分析提示无肝功能损害和手术后无疾病复发间歇期长者预后好。Cox多因素分析模型分析结果提示有无肝功能损害是影响生存率的独立预后因素。结论:晚期乳腺癌化疗疗效随着使用方案次数的增多而降低。有无肝功能损害是影响乳腺癌肝转移患者的独立预后因素。     

不同年龄组大肠癌预后多因素分析的比较

目的研究青年、中年和老年组大肠癌预后的影响因素,指导临床治疗。方法对842例行根治术后的大肠癌患者,按发病年龄分为青年组（≤40岁）、中年组（41～64岁）和老年组（≥65岁）。用SPSS软件分别对3组患者的35个临床病理因素进行单因素生存分析和多因素Cox比例风险模型回归分析。结果842例大肠癌的5,10,15年生存率分别为66．3％、54、2％和48．5％,青年组大肠癌的5,10年生存率分别为53．13％和42．7％,低于其他年龄组患者。多因素分析显示,Dukes分期和家族肿瘤史为青年和中年组大肠癌患者的共同影响因素;慢性便秘是中年组大肠癌预后的独立影响因素;肠梗阻、手术时间、转移淋巴结数为老年组大肠癌的预后因素。病程（从出现症状到手术时间）不是影响青年组大肠癌的主要原因。青年组Dukes A期患者的5,10年生存率分别为82．6％和64．5％,B期分别为73.3％和67．4％,C期分别为37、3％和27．13％,D期分别为33．3％和22．2％。青年组A期和B期患者生存率与中老年组相近,但C期和D期的生存率低于中老年组。有家族肿瘤史的青年组患者预后好,其5,10年生存率分别为73．1％和64．5％,显著高于无家族肿瘤史患者的48．1％和37、3％。结论不同年龄组大肠癌预后影响因素有差异,青年组大肠癌的生存率明显低于其他年龄组。在青年组,大肠癌Dukes分期晚和无家族肿瘤史的患者预后差,病程不是影响预后的因素,青年组大肠癌患者预后羞与就诊时间晚、延误诊断无关。     

Factors associated with successful mobilization of progenitor hematopoietic stem cells among patients with lymphoid malignancies

PurposeThis study's main aim was to assess the effect of 2 mobilization regimens (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF] and chemotherapy vs. G-CSF alone) on the yield of CD34⁺ cells in the apheresis components of patients with lymphoid malignancy. We also sought to identify possible predictors of CD34⁺ cell yield in the apheresis components.Patients and MethodsCD34⁺ cells were mobilized and harvested from 89 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 62) or Hodgkin disease (n = 27). Forty-one patients (46.1%) were mobilized with G-CSF, and 48 (53.9%) were mobilized with chemotherapy and G-CSF. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine potential predictors of the CD34⁺ cell yield (collection of > 2.7 > 10⁶ cells/kg), such as the number of peripheral CD34⁺ cells, age, sex, diagnosis, disease stage, weight, bone marrow status at baseline, mononuclear cells, white blood cells, and platelet counts.ResultsThe median patient age was 41 years (range, 12-66 years), and the median patient weight was 72 kg (range, 44-123 kg). Mobilization of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) was superior when using chemotherapy and G-CSF versus G-CSF alone (3.6 > 10⁶ cells/kg vs. 2.2 > 10⁶ cells/kg; P = .001). CD34⁺ cell counts and platelet counts in the peripheral blood significantly correlated with CD34⁺ yield (P < .01 and P = .009, respectively). The yield was also significantly affected by weight, diagnosis, mobilization regimen, and baseline bone marrow status (P = .021, P = .05, P = .002, and P = .043, respectively).ConclusionMany factors influence harvesting of PBPCs, including diagnosis, bone marrow status at baseline, patient weight, and the type of mobilization regimen. The number of CD34⁺ cells in the peripheral blood can be used to predict the timing of apheresis and optimize yield.     

小细胞肺癌患者预后的多因素分析

背景与目的综合治疗是改善小细胞肺癌预后的关键。本研究旨在回顾性分析小细胞肺癌患者的预后因素。方法1999年1月~2005年6月,收治一般情况良好(PS=0、1)、经综合治疗(化疗+放疗±手术)且资料完整的253例小细胞肺癌患者,采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,寿命表法计算生存率,COX多因素回归比例风险模型分析患者的预后因素。结果中位随访23.2月(3~85月)。全组患者1年、3年、5年生存率分别为77.9%、33.8%和23.3%,其中局限期为88.3%、40.2%和31.2%,广泛期为62.9%、22.0%和8.8%。全组中位生存时间为23月(95%CI19~27月),其中局限期为27月,广泛期为15月。单因素分析发现性别(P=0.0395)、分期(P=0.0000)、治疗初LDH水平(P=0.0000)、手术与否(P=0.0029)、治疗初是否有体重减轻(P=0.0000)以及一线化疗疗效(P=0.0000)等因素可影响患者的生存。多因素分析结果提示,性别(P=0.019)、LDH升高(P=0.000)、手术(P=0.024)和体重下降(P=0.006)是影响患者生存的独立预后因素。结论对一般行为状态好的小细胞肺癌患者,经综合治疗后,性别、LDH升高、手术和体重下降是影响其预后的主要因素。     

Multivariate analysis for clinical prognostic factors in 163 patients with soft tissue sarcoma

Clinical and histologic findings in 163 patients with localized soft tissue sarcoma (STS) in the extremities and trunk were reviewed. There were 91 male patients and 72 female patients ranging in age from 2 to 84 years (median, 46 years). The histologic status of the tumors was as follows: low grade, 29 cases; intermediate grade, 52 cases; and high grade, 82 cases. The primary tumors were treated by intralesional excision (two cases), marginal (88), wide local (52), or amputation (21). Subsequent adjuvant therapy was given to 61 patients; 17 had radiotherapy (RT), 27 had chemotherapy (CH), and 17 had combined RT and CH. The overall survival (P less than 0.1) and disease-free survival (P less than 0.001) were better in the group that received multimodal treatment (radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy) than in the group treated only by surgery. This suggests the favorable role of adjuvant therapy. The univariate and the Cox multivariate analysis for prognosis revealed that sex, tumor-related symptoms, tumor size, tumor depth, and histologic grade were the significant factors. Among the treatment schemes, adjuvant chemotherapy was the only one that affected survival, especially for the intermediate-grade tumors. Initial surgical treatment (marginal versus wide local excision) significantly contributed to the local control of the primary tumors.     

９８例广泛期小细胞肺癌预后多因素分析

目的　探讨影响广泛期小细胞肺癌（ＳＣＬＣ）预后的各种相关因素。方法　回顾性分析９８例广泛期ＳＣＬＣ患者的临床资料并随访,采用Ｃｏｘ模型行多因素分析。结果　９８例患者的１年生存率为４５.３８％,２年生存率１５.１５％,３年生存率８.８４％,中位生存期为１１.２４个月。单因素分析显示,是否有肝转移、起病时乳酸脱氢酶水平、有无接受胸部放疗、有无胸腔积液、化疗周期数、转移是否局限于胸腔、行为状态评分、是否为单发转移灶对患者的生存期有影响;多因素分析显示,是否有肝转移、化疗周期数、起病时乳酸脱氢酶水平、行为状态评分是预测预后的独立因素。结论　无肝转移、化疗周期数＞４、起病时乳酸脱氢酶水平正常、ＰＳ评分０～１均提示广泛期ＳＣＬＣ患者的预后较好。     

Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in patients with non HIV-related primary cerebral lymphoma. A proposal for a prognostic scoring.

Between 1982 and 1991, 41 patients were treated for non HIV related primary cerebral lymphoma (PCL) in our institute. The purpose of this study was to perform a multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for survival in these patients. The presence of a CSF protein level over 0.6 g l-1 at diagnosis was found to be the most significant unfavourable prognostic factor in univariate analysis and had not previously been reported. Among the five significant prognostic factors at diagnosis, (age over 60 years, performance status--ECOG scale--over 2, memory dysfunction, non hemispheric tumour site, CSF protein level over 0.6 g l-1 at the diagnosis), three independent factors were identified in multivariate analysis: (1) CSF protein level (P = 0.007; RR = 4.7); (2) PS > 2 (P = 0.04, RR = 2.65); (3) age over 60 (P = 0.08; RR = 2.43). Using the regression coefficient of these three parameters, we determined a prognostic index which allowed us to distinguish three risk groups whose theoretical median survival is 4, 20 and 54, months respectively in patients with non HIV related PCL. These results indicate that PCL is an heterogeneous disease in terms of the prognostic in which three subgroups with discriminant survival can be identified.     

363例晚期老年非小细胞肺癌预后因素分析

目的回顾性分析>70岁的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的临床资料和生存情况并进行统计学分析,探讨其预后相关因素。方法收集363例福建省肿瘤医院2006年1月至2010年12月收治>70岁的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的临床资料和生存情况,采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Logrank检验进行单因素分析,多因素预后分析采用Cox回归模型。结果 363例患者的中位生存期为8.8个月,1年生存率为28.0%。ECOG评分、临床分期、肝转移、一线治疗疗效和靶向治疗是影响预后的独立因素(均P<0.005)。结论 ECOG评分>2分、Ⅳ期、有肝转移、一线治疗后进展和从未接受靶向治疗的晚期老年非小细胞肺癌患者预后较差。     

Endothelial differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from patients with multiple myeloma.

PURPOSE: Vasculogenesis is a physiologic process typical of fetal development in which new blood vessels develop from undifferentiated precursors (or angioblasts). In tumors, near angiogenesis, vasculogenesis contributes to the formation of the microvascular plexus that is important for diffusion. Here, we show that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) of multiple myeloma (MM) patients are able to differentiate into cells with endothelial phenotype on exposure to angiogenic cytokines. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Circulating HSPCs were purified with an anti-CD133 antibody from patients with newly diagnosed MM before autologous transplantation and exposed to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor-2 and insulin-like growth factor in a 3-week culture. RESULTS: HSPCs gradually lost CD133 expression and acquired VEGF receptor-2, factor VIII-related antigen, and vascular endothelial-cadherin expression. The expression pattern overlapped with paired MM endothelial cells (MMEC). During culture, cells adhered to fibronectin, spread, and acquired an endothelial cell shape. Differentiated HSPCs also became capillarogenic in the Matrigel assay with maximal activity at the third week of culture. Bone marrow biopsies revealed HSPCs inside the neovessel wall in patients with MM but not in those with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with MM, but not in those with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, HSPCs contribute to the neovessel wall building together with MMECs. Therefore, besides angiogenesis, HSPC-linked vasculogenesis contributes to neovascularization in MM patients. Tentatively, we hypothesize that in HSPC cultures a multipotent cell population expressing low VEGF receptor-2 levels corresponds to the endothelial progenitor cell precursor and seems to be the MMEC precursor.     

Analysis of hematopoietic progenitor cells in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes according to their cytogenetic abnormalities

The present work analyzes the hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients using both an immunophenotypical and a functional approaches in order to know whether they are similar in patients with or without cytogenetic abnormalities. Among CD34+ HPC, the proportion of myeloid committed progenitors was higher in patients with an abnormal karyotype. Ninety MDS patients were studied. Patients with abnormal karyotype showed a similar platting efficiency than patients with normal cytogenetics. Trisomy 8 and 5q- showed a significant higher P.E. than patients with normal karyotype or monosomy 7. We observed that when the most immature HPC were studied, the total number of granulo-monocytic colonies produced by LTBMC was higher in the normal karyotype group. In summary, the present study shows that in MDS the HPC are impaired; this impairment is deeper in patients with abnormal karyotype.     

108例老年晚期非小细胞肺癌患者预后因素分析

目的探讨65岁以上老年晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的生存状况及预后因素。方法回顾性研究108例65岁以上老年晚期NSCLC患者的临床资料,采用Kaplan-Meier法及Cox回归模型对预后相关因素进行分析。结果截至末次随访时间,随访时间14~74个月,中位随访时间43个月,死亡84例(77.8%),生存21例(19.4%),失访3例(2.8%)。所有患者中位生存期为21.1个月,1年生存率为66.7%,2年生存率为41.7%,3年生存率为29.1%,5年生存率为13.2%。单因素分析显示,美国东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)评分、病理类型、初始脑转移、初始胸腔积液、肺部手术、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)敏感突变、靶向治疗、中药治疗与生存期有关(P﹤0.05)。多因素分析显示,病理类型、初始脑转移、初始胸腔积液、肺部手术、中药治疗是老年晚期NSCLC患者生存期的影响因素。结论诊断时合并脑转移、胸腔积液的患者生存期缩短;接受肺部手术、靶向治疗、中药治疗是延长晚期老年NSCLC患者生存期的重要手段。     

New prognostic factors associated with long-term survival in node-negative breast cancer patients

Background  This study was undertaken to determine the absolute and relative value of angiogenesis, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and conventional prognostic factors in predicting relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates associated with long-term survival in Japanese patients with node-negative breast cancer. Patients and Methods  Two hundred patients with histological node-negative breast cancer were studied. We investigated nine clinicopathological factors, including angiogenesis, PCNA using permanent-section immunohistochemistry, clinical tumor size, histological grade (HG), tumor necrosis, lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI), histological extension, histological classification, and infiltrating growth (INF), followed for a median of 10 years (range, 1 to 20). Results  Twenty-one patients (10.5%) had recurrence and 15 patients (7.5%) died of breast cancer. Univariate analysis showed that PCNA, clinical tumor size, HG, angiogenesis, and LVI were significantly predictive of 20-year RFS or OS. Tumor necrosis was significantly predictive of OS, not of RFS. Multivariate analysis showed that clinical tumor size (P=0.0003), angiogenesis (P=0.0003), PCNA (P= 0.0064), and HG (P=0.0401) were significant independent prognostic factors for RFS. PCNA (P< 0.0001) and clinical tumor size (P=0.0112) were significant independent prognostic factors for OS, while angiogenesis was a borderline significant factor. Conclusion  PCNA and angiogenesis were important new prognostic factors in node-negative breast cancer patients.     

转移性恶性黑色素瘤预后的多因素分析

目的:探讨影响转移性恶性黑色素瘤预后的因素。方法:回顾性分析1990年1月-2010年12月惠州市中心人民医院收治的经病理组织学或细胞学确诊的112例患者的临床资料和实验室、影像学检查结果,应用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Log-rank法比较各组的生存率,COX模型进行多因素分析。结果:112例转移性恶性黑色素瘤患者的1年、3年生存率分别为28%、8%;中位生存期为6.7个月;多因素分析显示一般状况、有无肝脏转移、血清LDH水平是影响预后的独立因素。结论:KPS评分、有无肝脏转移、转移部位数目、血清LDH水平是影响转移性恶性黑色素瘤预后的独立因素。     

结直肠癌预后的多因素回归分析

目的 探讨影响结直肠癌预后的因素在预测结直肠癌术后生存中的价值。 方法 应用多因素回归的分析方法,回顾性分析有完整临床病理资料和随访资料的941例结直肠癌患者的临床特点、病理特征及其对预后的影响。 结果 结直肠癌患者总的3,5年生存率分别为63.2％和60.8％,中位生存时间为1841d。单因素分析显示,其预后与肿瘤的大体分型、侵袭程度、转移情况、分化等级、病理分期以及癌性肠梗阻均有相关性。应用Cox比例危险回归模型分析,则显示肿瘤的大体分型、分化程度、肠壁的侵袭深度和病理分期是影响结直肠癌患者术后生存的独立因素。 结论 病理分期是影响结直肠癌预后最重要的一个指标(P<0.0005),对于指导手术治疗、术后辅助治疗和判断预后方面具有重要作用。     

70岁以上老年肺癌患者预后多因素分析

目的： 探讨影响70岁以上老年肺癌患者预后生存的危险因素。方法：随访分析62例70岁以上肺癌患者临床资料,计算改良老年疾病累计评分表(MCIRS-G)评分,得到总分(TSC)、严重指数(SV)和合并症指数(CM)。应用单因素分析及COX多因素回归模型分析确定影响预后的因素。结果：62例患者中位生存期为30.52个月,82.26%伴有合并症,TSC、CM、SV与年龄增长正相关(r依次为0.656、0.739、0.677,P均<0.05)。单因素分析显示年龄、病理类型、临床分期、美国东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)评分、分化程度、手术、TSC、CM、SV与预后相关(P均<0.05)。COX多因素分析显示临床分期、ECOG评分、分化程度、手术、TSC、CM、SV是影响患者生存及预后的独立因素。结论：临床分期、分化程度、合并症、ECOG评分、手术是老年肺癌独立预后因子。MCIRS-G能有效评估合并症对老年肺癌患者预后的影响。     

Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in gastric cancer patients using additive hazards regression models

Background & Objectives: Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide and is the most common type of cancer in Iran. The objective of this paper is to apply the additive hazards models to the study of survival of patients with gastric cancer and to compare results obtained by the additive hazards models and the Cox model. Methods: We retrospectively studied 213 patients with gastric cancer who were registered in one referral cancer registry center in Tehran, Iran. Age at diagnosis, sex, presence of metastasis, tumor size, histology type, lymph node metastasis, and pathologic stages were entered into analysis using the Cox model and additive hazard models. To visualize a covariate effect over time, the estimated cumulative regression function by the Aalen’s model is examined. Results: The five-year survival rate and the median life expectancy in the studied patients were 14.6% and 29.6 months, respectively. Multivariate Cox and Additive hazards models analysis identified that age at diagnosis, tumor size and pathologic stage were independent prognostic factors for the survival of patients with gastric cancer (P<0.05). Moreover, pathologic stage has a late or delayed effect according to the Aalen’s plot. Other clinicopathological characteristics were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Since Cox and additive models give different aspects of the association between risk factors and the study outcome, it seems desirable to use together to give a more comprehensive understanding of data. Our results also suggest that early detection of patients in younger age and in primary stages is important to increase survival of patients with gastric cancer.