Ponatinib hydrochloride

2012年12月14日,FDA批准ponatinib hydrochloride(商品名为Iclusig)在美国上市,该药由Ariad制药公司开发,该药为片剂,用于慢性髓细胞白血病(CML)和费城染色体阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病(Ph+ALL)的治疗。Ponatinib hydrochloride的中文名称:3-(咪唑并[1,2-b]哒嗪-3-基乙炔基)-4-甲基-N-{4-[(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)甲基]-     

Levalbuterol hydrochloride

Racemic salbutamol (racemic albuterol) ameliorates symptoms of asthma by activating beta-adrenoceptors on nerve, smooth muscle and inflammatory cells within the airways. Racemic salbutamol comprises equal proportions of 2 isomers: (S)-salbutamol and (R)-salbutamol, with the latter being exclusively responsible for activation of beta-adrenoceptors. Accordingly, within racemic salbutamol it is (R)-salbutamol that efficiently relieves obstruction of asthmatic airways and affords highly effective protection from bronchoconstrictor stimuli, including allergens. During regular use of racemic salbutamol, there is a progressive decline of protective efficacy and a corresponding intensification of airway responsiveness. This decline is largely absent during regular use of (R)-salbutamol. Consequently, bronchodilator responses to sub-maximal doses of (R)-salbutamol exceed responses to the equivalent dose of (R)-salbutamol given as the racemate. For example, in asthmatics with baseline FEVs 相似文献   

Telavancin hydrochloride

Telavancin hydrochloride商品名为Vibativ,由Theravance公司和安斯泰来（Astellas）制药公司研制开发【1】。该药是一种注射型脂糖肽类抗生素,2009年9月11日由美国食品药品管理局(FDA)宣布批准上市,用于治疗由革兰阳性菌致病分离物所引起的成人复杂皮肤感染和皮肤结构感染(cSSSI)。 Telavancin hydrochloride的中文化学名称：N3’’-[2-(癸氨基)乙基]-29-[[(膦酰基-甲基)-氨基]-甲基]-万古霉素盐酸盐;英文化学名称：vancomycin, N3’’-[2-(decylamino)ethyl]-29-[[(phosphono-methyl)-amino]-methyl]-hydrochloride;分子式：C80H106C12N11O27P.xHCl(x=1~3);telavancin相对分子质量：1755.6;CAS登记号：372151-71-8。     

盐酸替卡格雷

1药物概况 通用名:盐酸替卡格雷(ticagrelor hydrochlo-ride)[1] 化学名:(1S,2S,3R,5S)-3-{7-[(1R,2S)-2-(3,4-二氟苯基)环丙氨基]-5-(巯丙基)-3H一[1,2,3]三唑[4,5-d]嘧啶-3-基}-5-(2-羟基乙氧基)环戊烷-1,2-二醇盐酸盐     

他喷他多(tapentadol hydrochloride)

止痛药他喷他多(tapentadol hydrochloride)于2008年11月21日获得美国食品药品管理局(FDA)批准上市, 其商品名还没有确认。该药是由美国Johnson &; Johnson公司研发,临床上使用的速释片有50、75、100 mg 3种规格。本品用于缓解中度及重度急性疼痛[1]。 他喷他多的中文化学名称:(-)-(1R,2R)-3-(3-二甲氨基-1-乙基-2-甲基丙基)苯酚盐酸盐;英文化学名称:(-)-(1R,2R)-3-(3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl)phenol hydrochloride;分子式:C₁₄H₂₃NO.HCl;相对分子质量:257.80;CAS登记号:175591-09-0。     

Erlotinib hydrochloride

Erlotinib hydrochloride (Tarceva; OSI Pharmaceuticals/Genentech/Roche), a member of a class of targeted anticancer drugs that inhibit the activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor, was approved by the US FDA in November 2004 for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer after failure of at least one prior chemotherapy regimen. It is the first such drug to demonstrate an increase in survival in Phase III trials in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.     

Ranitidine hydrochloride

Ranitidine is a selective, competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in the short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcers and gastric hypersecretory conditions. Ranitidine is four to ten times more potent than cimetidine on a molar basis in inhibiting stimulated gastric acid secretion. Clinical studies have demonstrated that ranitidine is as effective as cimetidine and is similarly well tolerated. Based on available literature (approximately 700 publications), this article reviews the pharmacology, safety profile, and clinical efficacy of ranitidine in duodenal ulcers and gastric hypersecretory conditions.     

维拉佐酮盐酸盐

由Trovis Pharma LLC制药公司研制的维拉佐酮盐酸盐(vilazodone hydrochloride)于2011年1月21日由FDA批准上市,商品名为Viibryd,用于治疗成年人重度抑郁症(major depressive disorder,MDD)[1]。Viibryd将以10 mg、20 mg和40 mg片剂上市。     

Levalbuterol hydrochloride

Racemic salbutamol (racemic albuterol) ameliorates symptoms of asthma by activating b-adrenoceptors on nerve, smooth muscle and inflammatory cells within the airways. Racemic salbutamol comprises equal proportions of 2 isomers: (S)-salbutamol and (R)-salbutamol, with the latter being exclusively responsible for activation of b-adrenoceptors. Accordingly, within racemic salbutamol it is (R)-salbutamol that efficiently relieves obstruction of asthmatic airways and affords highly effective protection from bronchoconstrictor stimuli, including allergens. During regular use of racemic salbutamol, there is a progressive decline of protective efficacy and a corresponding intensification of airway responsiveness. This decline is largely absent during regular use of (R)-salbutamol. Consequently, bronchodilator responses to sub-maximal doses of (R)-salbutamol exceed responses to the equivalent dose of (R)-salbutamol given as the racemate. For example, in asthmatics with baseline FEVs ≤ 60%, 1.25 mg of nebulised (R)-salbutamol achieved a maximal 52% change in FEV while 2.5 mg of racemic salbutamol only achieved a 38% change in FEV. Since extrapulmonary effects (e.g., tremor, heart rate) of b agonists are related to dose and limit the use of b agonist therapy, (R)-salbutamol at 0.63 mg provides uncompromised efficacy with marked reduction of side-effects. In addition to quantitative differences, the constituent isomers of salbutamol also exhibit qualitative differences. Thus, (R)-salbutamol inhibits activation of human eosinophils in vitro whereas, under the same conditions and concentrations, (S)-salbutamol augments activation of these cells. This property of (S)-salbutamol may explain why eosinophilia in induced sputum from subjects with allergic asthma is increased by regular use of racemic salbutamol. Similarly, the capacity of (R)-salbutamol to suppress hyperresponsiveness of the airways can be contrasted with the capacity of (S)-salbutamol to intensify hyperresponsiveness. This action of (S)-salbutamol would explain why regular use of racemic salbutamol intensifies the bronchoconstrictor response to antigen in subjects with allergic asthma. Taken together, these findings imply that replacement of racemic salbutamol by (R)-salbutamol will diminish, or even eliminate, the anomalous actions that have curtailed the efficacy of racemic salbutamol. Pharmacokinetically, (R)-salbutamol exhibits near absolute conformational stability (i.e., no conversion to (S)-salbutamol). If in vitro anti-inflammatory actions of (R)-salbutamol are also manifest in asthmatic airways, (R)-salbutamol could provide a novel approach to asthma therapy which combines bronchodilation and bronchoprotection with anti-inflammatory efficacy.     

Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride

Phenylpropanolamine has been classified by the FDA advisory review panel as generally safe and effective for short-term weight control. The maximum daily dose for this indication is 75 mg. When used in recommended doses by patients without significant risk factors, serious side effects appear to occur infrequently. The pharmacist has an important role in preventing misuse and abuse of phenylpropanolamine through counseling the patient about its appropriate, short-term (not exceeding 12 weeks) use in a comprehensive weight-reduction program. Patients should be alerted to signs and symptoms of serious adverse reactions and advised to discontinue use if any reactions appear.     

盐酸苯达莫司汀

盐酸苯达莫司汀（bendamustine hydrochloride）由美国Cephalon公司研制开发，商品名为Treanda。该药为注射剂．于2008年3月由美国食品药品管理局批准上市，用于治疗慢性淋巴细胞性自血病（chronic lymphocytic leukaemia，CLL）。     

盐酸鲁拉西酮

盐酸鲁拉西酮（lurasidone hydrochloride,商品名为 Latuda）是由日本住友制药公司开发的具有双重作用的新型抗精神病药物。它对 5-HT_2A 受体和多巴胺 D₂ 受体均具有高度亲和力。对精神病人的阳性和阴性症状均具有显著疗效。该药于2010年10月28日经美国食品药品管理局（FDA）批准在美国上市。 盐酸鲁拉西酮的中文化学名称：(3aR, 4S , 7R, 7aS ) -2-[ (1R, 2R ) -2-[ 4-(1, 2-苯并异噻唑-3-基)哌嗪-1-基甲基] 环己基甲基]六氢-1H-4, 7-甲基异吲哚-1, 3-二酮盐酸盐;英文化学名称:（3aR,4S,7R,7aS)-2-{(1R,2R)-2-[4-(1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-ylmethyl] cyclohexylmethyl}hexahydro-4,7-methano-2H-isoindole-1,3-dione hydrochloride;分子式：C₂₈H₃₆N₄O₂S; 相对分子量：492.26;CAS 登记号：367514-88-3。     

盐酸吡格列酮

[药理作用] 本品为噻唑烷二酮类抗糖尿病药物,属胰岛素增敏剂.作用机制与胰岛素的存在有关,可减少外周组织和肝脏的胰岛素抵抗,增加依赖胰岛素的葡萄糖的处理,并减少肝糖的输出.与磺酰脲类不同,本品不是一个胰岛素促分泌药.其作用机制是高选择性的激动过氧化物酶小体生长因子活化受体-γ[PPAR-γ][1],PPAR-γ的活化可调节许多控制葡萄糖及脂类代谢的胰岛素相关基因的转录.