不同病程精神分裂症的血液流变学改变

目的探讨精神分裂症患者的血液流变学改变。方法对１４０例精神分裂症（包括分裂样精神病），６０例健康人做血液流变学的前瞻性研究。结果精神分裂症的全血粘度、刚性指数、低切还原粘度、纤维蛋白原、电泳率显著高于健康人；红细胞电泳时间、脑血流量显著低于健康人。病程短者的血小板粘附率增高明显；病程长者全血粘度及电泳率增高亦明显。结论血液流变学的性质改变有助于精神分裂症的诊断及估计转归     

精神分裂症不同亚型患者的血液流 变学实验研究

目的探讨精神分裂症不同亚型血液流变学特点及差异。方法对１４０例精神分裂症患者进行血液流变学检测,与６０例健康人对照,并按阴阳性症状分型相互比较。结果精神分裂症患者全血粘度、刚性指数、低切还原粘度、纤维蛋白原、电泳率均显著高于健康对照。红细胞电泳时间、脑血流量显著低于健康对照。精神分裂症阳性症状为主型全血粘度、低切还原粘度显著高于混合型,混合型显著高于阴性症状为主型。刚性指数、红细胞聚集指数阳性症状为主型和混合型显著高于阴性症状为主型,但阳性症状为主型与混合型差异无显著性。结论血液流变学性质作为精神分裂症的生物学指标,其变化在一定程度上与阴阳性症状分型有关     

精神分裂症患者血液流变学的病情分组研究

目的探讨不同病情精神分裂症患者血液流变学差异,并了解血液流变学改变与病情的关系。方法 对126例符合CCMD—2—R的精神分裂症病人进行BPRS评定和血液流变学检测,并依BPRS总分的均数±1/2标准差进行病情分组比较血液流变学差异,同时与60名健康人对比。结果 精神分裂症者与健康人相比呈显著的高粘血症;病情重度组的全血粘度、刚性指数、红细胞聚集指数、血小板粘附率、低切还原粘度和纤维蛋白原显著高于病情轻度组;BPRS总分及焦虑忧郁因子分与全血粘度、红细胞聚集指数、血小板粘附率、低切还原粘度、纤维蛋白原呈显著正相关关系。结论 精神分裂症的血液流变学改变在一定程度上反映病情的变化。     

术前匀速补液对烟雾病患者血液流变学的影响

目的探讨术前禁饮后开始静脉匀速补液对烟雾病患者血液流变学的影响。方法选取27例拟行间接颅内外血管重建术的烟雾病患者,于入院第二天取空腹血液行血液流变学检查为对照组,并在拟行手术前一天晚上开始禁饮、禁食后予以静脉匀速补液至入手术室前并再次采血行血液流变学检查为实验组;对比两组之间的全血低切粘度、全血中切粘度、全血高切粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数、红细胞变形指数。结果对照组的血液粘度指标中的全血低切粘度、红细胞压积及红细胞变形指标中的红细胞聚集指数均高于实验组,而对照组红细胞变形指标中的红细胞刚性指数、红细胞变形指数低于实验组,均有统计学差异(P 0.05)。结论术前禁饮后开始静脉匀速补液能够降低烟雾病患者血液粘度并提高红细胞的变形性。     

抗精神病药物所致精神分裂症患者血液流变学的变异分析

目的　探讨住院精神分裂症患者在服用抗精神病药物的治疗过程中血液流变学的变异特征。方法　对 10 8例住院的精神分裂症患者分别于治疗前 ,治疗第 4、8及 12周进行血液流变学测定。检测指标包括 :全血比低切粘度、全血比高切粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、红细胞沉降度 ,然后进行比较分析。结果　上述所测项目在治疗第 4、8及 12周与治疗前相比 ,均呈升高趋势 ,尤其是在治疗第 4、8周明显升高 (P <0 0 1)。联合用药组在治疗第4、8及 12周时其全血比低切粘度、全血比高切粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积均高于同期单一用药值 ,差异有显著性(P <0 0 1) ;而血沉的变化无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　住院精神分裂症患者在服用抗精神病药物的治疗期间 ,随着药物的增量有发生心脑血管疾病的危险。作者认为 ,临床应严格遵守用药原则 ,尽可能单一用药     

慢性精神分裂症患者血液流变学指标的变化及其影响因素

目的为探讨慢性精神分裂症患者的血液流变学指标变化及其影响因素。方法采用锥板式粘度计对85例慢性精神分裂症患者(研究组)及80例健康人(对照组)进行血液流变学指标的检测。结果研究组的全血比低切粘度、全血比高切粘度、血浆粘度明显高于对照组,红细胞压积两组无显著性差异。研究组患者的血液流变学指标不随用药品种、剂量及病程变化而变化。结论慢性精神分裂症患者血液流变学指标高于健康人,并呈现稳定的状态,应引起临床医师重视。     

精神分裂症有无家族史患者的血液流变学比较

目的：探讨精神分裂症患者有无家族史血液流变学特征。方法：对150例精神分裂症按一级亲属家族史阳性,二、三级亲属家族史阳性,家族史阴性分为三组,比较其血液流变学差异,并与70名健康人对照,结果：精神分裂症患者与健康人相比呈显著的高粘滞血症,阴性家族史患者的全血粘度、血浆粘度,低切还原粘度及纤维蛋白质显著高于一级亲属家族史阳性患者（P＜0．05,P＜0．01）;全血粘度显著高于二、三级亲属家族史阳性患者（P＜0．01）,一级与二、三级亲属家属史阳性患者血液流变学指标比较无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论：精神分裂症患者血液流变学改变与家族史有关。     

缺血性脑卒中的血液流变学分析

目的探讨缺血性脑卒中的危险因素.方法对90例缺血性脑卒中和80例健康者对照组进行血流变学分析.结果缺血性脑卒中患者的全血高切值、全血中切值(H,L)、全血低切值、血浆粘稠度、全血高切还原粘度、全血低切还原粘度、红细胞刚性指数、纤维蛋白原明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论全血高切还原粘度、全血低切还原粘度、红细胞刚性指数、纤维蛋白原、血浆粘稠度增高是缺血性脑卒中的危险因素.     

分裂样精神病与精神分裂症的血液流变学研究

为探讨分裂样精神病与精神分裂症的血液流变学改变,对25例分裂样精神病、115例精神分裂症及60例健康人做血液流变学检测的前瞻性研究。结果,无论分裂样精神病与精神分裂症的全血粘度、刚性指数、低切还原粘度、纤维蛋白原、电泳率都显高于正常人。分裂样精神病与精神分裂症比较,除全血粘度（101/s）、血浆压积的改变存在一定程度上的差异,以及前的血小板粘附率高于后外,其余各项指征相似,说明分裂样精神病与精神分裂症具有相似的血液流变学改变,从一个侧面提示两可能是同源性疾病。     

术前匀速补液对烟雾病患者血液流变学的影响

目的 探讨术前禁饮后开始静脉匀速补液对烟雾病患者血液流变学的影响。方法 选取27例拟行间接颅内外血管重建术的烟雾病患者,于入院第二天取空腹血液行血液流变学检查为对照组,并在拟行手术前一天晚上开始禁饮、禁食后予以静脉匀速补液至入手术室前并再次采血行血液流变学检查为实验组;对比两组之间的全血低切粘度、全血中切粘度、全血高切粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数、红细胞变形指数。结果 对照组的血液粘度指标中的全血低切粘度、红细胞压积及红细胞变形指标中的红细胞聚集指数均高于实验组,而对照组红细胞变形指标中的红细胞刚性指数、红细胞变形指数低于实验组,均有统计学差异（P<0.05）。结论 术前禁饮后开始静脉匀速补液能够降低烟雾病患者血液粘度并提高红细胞的变形性。     

Mechanisms of the suppression of the nociceptive reflex of the opening of the mouth during stimulation of the structures of the limbic brain

The comparative effectiveness of the inhibitory influence of tetanic stimulation of hypothalamus, amygdala and limbic cortex on EMG-response of m. digastricus evoked by electrical stimulation of tooth pulp nociceptive afferents was studied in cats anesthetized with a mixture of chloralose and nembutal. It was found that inhibition of the EMG-component of the jaw-opening reflex is most pronounced in case of stimulation of medial and lateral region of the hypothalamus, the inhibitory effect of central and medial nuclei of the amygdala is less pronounced and the effect of the limbic cortex is the weakest. It was shown that the mechanism of the antinociceptive effect of tetanic stimulation of the hypothalamus is not related to the concomitant increase of the blood pressure. After stabilization of the blood pressure the suppressive effect of the hypothalamus remains without changes, that points out to a direct, primary, not baro-afferent mechanism of the inhibition of the activity of nociceptive neurons of the trigeminal sensory nuclei. Noradrenaline, injected intravenously, induced a large increase of the blood pressure accompanied by a pronounced inhibition of the pain reflex. Angiotensin causes the same degree of blood pressure elevation without changes in the amplitude of the EMG-response of the pain reflex. Hypothalamic and noradrenergic mechanisms for control of pain sensitivity are discussed.     

药物治疗与合并认知行为治疗对强迫症疗效的比较

目的探讨认知行为心理治疗(CBT)在强迫症(OCD)患者各亚型治疗中的有效性和规律性。方法本研究为临床对照研究。符合入组标准的强迫症患者按患者自愿原则分为两组,治疗观察3、6、12个月。疗效评定分别运用Yale-Brown强迫量表,自拟的自评好转程度量表和临床疗效评定。结果认知行为心理治疗合并药物治疗组31例,临床有效率70.9%,其中治愈率1.8%。单纯药物治疗组24例,临床有效率33.3%。Yale-Brown强迫量表和自评量表得分在6个月和12个月两组有显著差异(P<0.05)。其中强迫症亚型(怕脏型、反复检查型和反复担心型)的疗效比较,怕脏型在治疗3个月末两组间自评量表评分有显著性差异(P<0.05);反复担心型在治疗6个月末两组间Yale-Brown强迫量表总分有显著性差异(P<0.05);反复检查型两组间无统计学差异。结论认知行为心理治疗合并药物治疗强迫症的疗效明显优于单纯药物治疗。强迫症的亚型在治疗中的有效性次序为:反复担心型>怕脏型>反复检查型。     

Characteristics of the sympathetic innervation of the nictitating membrane and of the vasculature of the nose and tongue of the cat

Summary Vasomotor responses from the nasal mucosa and tongue, and contractions of the nictitating membrane, were recorded on stimulation of the cervical sympathetic or internal carotid nerves.Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres which elicited a membrane response possessed a lower threshold than those which evoked nasal vasoconstriction, while the latter displayed a lower threshold than fibres which evoked tongue vasoconstriction. The sympathetic vasodilator fibres to the tongue, whose activity was revealed after-receptor blockade, had a similar threshold to the vasoconstrictor fibres.Membrane contraction, nasal vasoconstriction and occasionally tongue vasoconstriction could be evoked by stimulating the internal carotid nerve. The postganglionic fibres innervating the nasal mucosa had a similar threshold to those of the nictitating membrane, which may indicate that there are small myelinated fibres innervating the mucosa.The preganglionic compound nerve action potential had four major components, S₁–S₄. S₁, S₂ and usually S₃ fibres were associated with membrane contraction; S₂, S₃ and sometimes S₁ fibres were associated with nasal vasoconstriction; and S₃, usually S₂ and occasionally S₁ fibres were associated with vasoconstriction in the tongue. It is concluded that each of these three groups of nerve fibres, but not S₄ fibres, may include fibres associated functionally with the three effectors.There was a considerable difference between the relative amplitude of the responses of the three effectors elicited by stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve at frequencies between 0.2 and 2 Hz. Vasoconstrictor responses were relatively larger than membrane contractions suggesting differences in the mechanisms of neurotransmission at the neuroeffector junctions.     

Development of the projection from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus to the superior colliculus in the ferret

Neurons in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus (SC) have spatially tuned receptive fields that are arranged to form a map of auditory space. The spatial tuning of these neurons emerges gradually in an experience-dependent manner after the onset of hearing, but the relative contributions of peripheral and central factors in this process of maturation are unknown. We have studied the postnatal development of the projection to the ferret SC from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (nBIC), its main source of auditory input, to determine whether the emergence of auditory map topography can be attributed to anatomical rewiring of this projection. The pattern of retrograde labeling produced by injections of fluorescent microspheres in the SC on postnatal day (P) 0 and just after the age of hearing onset (P29), showed that the nBIC-SC projection is topographically organized in the rostrocaudal axis, along which sound azimuth is represented, from birth. Injections of biotinylated dextran amine-fluorescein into the nBIC at different ages (P30, 60, and 90) labeled axons with numerous terminals and en passant boutons throughout the deeper layers of the SC. This labeling covered the entire mediolateral extent of the SC, but, in keeping with the pattern of retrograde labeling following microsphere injections in the SC, was more restricted rostrocaudally. No systematic changes were observed with age. The stability of the nBIC-SC projection over this period suggests that developmental changes in auditory spatial tuning involve other processes, rather than a gross refinement of the projection from the nBIC.     

A contribution to the study of the architecture of the autonomic nervous system of the digestive tract of the rat

Summary The distribution of aminergic and non-aminergic nerve fibres to the different constituents of the wall of the digestive tract in various regions is described. Aminergic fibres synapse with all nervous perikarya. Densely interlacing networks of nerve fibres are found in both layers of the tunica muscularis and in the lamina muscularis mucosae. A finely meshed plexus is observed in relation to the wall of the blood vessels in the wall of the gut. There are many fibres connecting the muscular and the vascular plexus. No nerve fibres have been observed in direct relation to the epithelium.The functional implications of these findings are discussed.