1998-2018年陕西省麻风流行特征分析

目的：了解1998-2018年陕西省麻风流行趋势和流行特征,为开展麻风防治工作提供理论依据。方法：通过全国麻风防治管理信息系统（LEPMIS）收集陕西省1998-2018年麻风病历资料,对麻风发现率、患病率和病例基本情况进行描述性分析。结果：1998-2018年陕西省新发现麻风病例共计477例,年平均发现率为0.070/10万,年平均患病率为0.305/10万;病例平均发现年龄为46.71岁;男女比为2.46:1;多菌型（MB）399例,占83.6% ;II级畸残共148例,畸残率为31.03%;新发现病例平均延迟期为62.01个月。结论：陕西省新发麻风病例依然存在畸残比高、延迟期长和高龄化等情况,应进一步加强低流行状态下麻风的监测,减少传播和畸残的发生。     

(2010～2016)年云南省新发麻风病例延迟诊断分析

目的了解云南省近年来新发麻风病例延迟诊断情况,病例的年龄、性别分布以及延迟诊断与Ⅱ级畸残之间的关系,为今后早期发现病例,降低Ⅱ级畸残比提供参考依据。方法对全省(2010~2016)年新发麻风病例进行相关分析。结果发现延迟诊断期越长,Ⅱ级畸残比也随之大幅度升高。结论利用多种方式、方法,加大对麻风病例的早期发现工作,是控制麻风传播,避免畸残的重要手段。     

贵州省麻风存活病例畸残现状及相关因素分析

了解贵州省麻风受累者的畸残现状及相关影响因素.采用统一的调查表,对截止2008年底贵州省所有存活的麻风病人及治愈者进行入户调查.共调查麻风病人27 544例,其中10 429例存活麻风病人中,畸残病人5655例,占存活病人54.22%,麻风畸残率随年龄增加而升高;少菌型患者的Ⅱ级畸残比明显高于多菌型患者(P<0.001);不同职业之间畸残有差异(P<0.001),以农民的畸残率最高54.91%;麻风村病人的眼、手、足Ⅱ级畸残率均明显高于家庭治疗病人(P<0.001);麻风Ⅱ级畸残者使劳动及生活自理能力部分丧失或完全丧失.贵州省10 429例麻风受累者中畸残率较高,与年龄、麻风型别、职业等因素有关,提示需加强病例的早期发现,规则进行抗麻风联合化疗,控制麻风反应、神经炎,推广麻风康复技术,仍然是贵州省降低麻风畸残率主要措施.     

1989～1998年江西省新发现麻风病例分析

江西省历史上曾是麻风高发区,从50年代初至1998年底累计发现麻风患者17624例,1989～1998年确诊麻风患者1074例,新发现患者由1989～1993年的745例减至1994～1998年的329例,5年平均发现率由0.387/10万降至0.106/10万,患病率从1989年的0.51/万降至1998年的0.049/万,但1998年新发患者Ⅱ级畸残率仍达22.22%.为进一步了解麻风流行现状,拟对1989～1998年的新发现麻风病例进行分析.     

2014-2019年贵州省新发麻风患者畸残情况分析

分析2014-2019年贵州省新发麻风患者畸残情况,共分析492例新发麻风患者,结果示492例新发麻风患者2级畸残87例（17.68%）,男性2级畸残率（19.94%）高于女性(12.58%),≥60岁(33.96%)高于15～59岁年龄组(15.69%),病期≥2年(37%)高于病期＜2年组 (9%)。患者以皮肤科门诊发现方式为主（33.13%）,其次是线索发现（30.08%）。症状检测、线索调查、接触者检查能减少畸残的发生。     

1990-2018年云南省新发麻风患者畸残情况分析

目的：分析云南省1990-2018年新发麻风患者2级畸残情况。方法：对1990-2018年11010例新发麻风患者资料进行分析。结果：新发病例中2级畸残2647例,2级畸残率24.04%。4006例少菌型患者中2级畸残者1294例（32.3%）, 7004例多菌型患者中畸残者1353例(19.3%)。对其中的2202例畸残者进一步分析,单侧和双侧眼部畸残分别为138例和184例,手部单双侧畸残分别为742例和430例,足部单双侧畸残分别为384例和144例。结论：少菌型（PB）比多菌型（MB）麻风患者畸残比例更高,手部畸残明显高于眼部和足部,手部和足部畸残常呈不对称性。     

陕西省2011-2020年新发麻风流行病学分析

目的:分析2011-2020年陕西省新发麻风流行病学特征，为麻风防治决策提供参考。方法:病例资料来源于全国麻风防治管理信息系统(LEPMIS)。人口数据来源于陕西省统计年鉴。使用率、构成比和百分比等对病例资料进行描述性分析。结果:2011-2020年间，陕西省麻风发现率、患病率呈下降趋势，并保持在较低水平；病例的早期发现率为35.82%,患者发病到确诊平均延迟期为55.4个月，新发患者2级畸残率37.59%。病例发现方式以门诊发现为主，占60.45%。结论:2011-2020年期间，陕西省麻风发病降低，但新发麻风病例依然存在畸残比高、延迟期长等情况，应进一步加强相关麻风防治人员技能培训，提高麻风症状监测水平，降低传播和畸残的发生。     

MDT配合眼手足自我护理对麻风畸残的影响

目的了解联合化疗(MDT)配合眼手足自我护理(以下简称自我护理)对麻风畸残的影响,探索降低麻风畸残的有效方法。方法将MDT并配合自我护理前后14年所发现并治疗的麻风病例分为两组(以下称前组和后组)直接进行畸残率和麻风反应情况的对比。结果前组97例,畸残59例(Ⅱ,Ⅲ级),畸残率60.82%。其中Ⅱ级畸残31例(31.96%),Ⅲ级畸残28例(28.87%),麻风反应14例(14.43%)。后组67例,畸残39例(Ⅱ,Ⅲ级),畸残率58.21%。其中Ⅱ级畸残34例(50.75%);Ⅲ级畸残5例(7.46%),麻风反应10例(14.93%)。结论MDT配合自我护理使麻风Ⅲ级畸残率显著下降(P<0.01),因此应持久地开展应用。但前后两组麻风反应率无显著性差异,表明MDT对麻风反应的控制作用尚还有限。     

2000-2019年广东省新发麻风病例2级畸残情况及影响因素分析

 目的:了解广东省新发麻风病例2级畸残情况及其影响因素,为麻风病防控提供理论依据。方法：从《全国麻风病防治管理信息系统（LEPMIS）》中收集广东省2000-2019年报告的新发麻风病例资料,建立数据库并经逻辑检错后,用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析。人口学特征、临床信息、畸残情况等采用描述性分析,畸残情况的影响因素采用Logistic回归分析。结果：共收集2000-2019年1 985例新发麻风病例资料,60岁及以上者占40.26%（798/1 982）,平均年龄为（54.33±18.25）岁。已婚占72.19%（1 015/1 406）,广东籍占84.03%（1 668/1 985）,汉族占95.82%（1 902/1 985）,职业主要为农牧民（60.59%,1 144/1 888）,文化程度主要为小学及以下（43.28%,544/1 257）。2级畸残比例为18.29%（363/1 985）。多因素Logistic回归显示2级畸残的危险因素包括男性（OR=2.61,95%CI:1.63~4.20）、汉族（OR=5.90,95%CI:1.70~20.53）、延迟诊断（OR=4.00,95%CI:2.67~5.98）、体重过低（OR=4.63,95%CI:2.06~10.42）和确诊时有神经损害（OR=31.94,95%CI:9.95~102.58）。结论：导致麻风病患者发生畸残的因素较为复杂,主要因素有麻风病例延迟诊断期的长短、身体健康状况以及神经损害情况等。各级医疗机构应加强对麻风病疑似症状的筛查,早发现、早诊断、早治疗,降低新发麻风病畸残比例,提高麻风病例生活质量。     

浙江省麻风可疑症状监测系统实施效果评价

目的：评价浙江省麻风可疑症状监测系统的实施效果。方法：比较可疑症状监测系统实施前后早期发现情况、新发麻风病例畸残率和麻风病例误诊率。结果：监测系统运行后,新发现病人的平均延迟期从36.64个月缩短至17.89个月;Ⅱ级畸残率从23.15%降至12.12%;误诊率从79.27%降至25.76%。结论：建立麻风可疑症状监测系统有利于麻风病例的早期发现和降低2级畸残率。     

Dermatology in private practice in France in 2000

OBJECTIVES: Data regarding French dermatological practice are scarce. Our objective was to identify the skin disorders most commonly diagnosed by office-based dermatologists. We also documented the severity of these skin disorders, as reflected by the repercussions on patient's everyday life, and the way physicians managed patients. DESIGN: We carried out a one-day survey of visits to a randomly selected sample of 900 French office-based dermatologists. The randomization was stratified according to the five French different dialing area codes. RESULTS: Office-based dermatologists saw 6411 patients with 7839 skin disorders during the survey. The daily number of visits to French dermatologists was estimated at 47 000 and the annual number between 12 and 14 millions. Office-based dermatologists mostly managed warts, acne, nevus, dermatitis, malignancies and pre-malignancies, fungal infection and psoriasis. Repercussions on patients'everyday life were assessed by physicians as important or very important in 28 p. 100 of cases. Half of the patients received topical treatment, 20.5 p. 100 a systemic drug and 40 p. 100 a minor surgical procedure (including cryotherapy). CONCLUSION: Although dermatologists frequently see benign skin disorders such as warts or nevus, more severe diseases represent an important part of their activity.     

Pentoxifylline in reactions in leprosy

A study was conducted to assess the response of reactions in leprosy to pentoxifylline therapy. Ten cases were studied; 8 cases had type 2 reaction and 2 cases had type 1 reaction. Pentoxifylline was given orally 400 mg three times daily. In patients with type 2 reaction, good response was observed within one week. There was near complete regression of ENL lesions within one month. Cases with type 1 reaction did not respond to pentoxifylline.     

Leukocyte migration in vivo and in vitro in patients with psoriasis

Leukocyte migration in vivo was studied with a skin chamber technique in 21 patients with active psoriasis vulgaris and 18 with cleared psoriasis vulgaris. Measuring over 24 h, no difference was found between healthy volunteers and most patients with active psoriasis, although a subgroup of patients with long-lasting relapses showed subnormal migration values. In patients with cleared psoriasis on the other hand the in vivo leukocyte migration values were increased. In addition, leukocyte migration in vitro under agarose was studied, but no difference was found between healthy controls and patients with psoriasis, active or cleared.     

Decrease in neutrophils observed in vivo in psoriatics after PUVA therapy

Summary In 56 patients leucocyte and differential counts were done before and at weekly intervals during PUVA treatment of chronic recalcitrant psoriasis. A statistical significant (P<0.01) decrease in the percentage of neutrophils was observed during the first week of the PUVA therapy. This observation could be closely related to the clinical clearing of psoriasis (P=0.02).The effect of PUVA therapy in psoriasis may be due to a decrease in the number of immunocompetent neutrophils demonstrated in psoriatic lesions.     

Changes in sodium-potassium ratio in guinea pig epidermis in n-hexadecane-induced hyperplasia

A transient epidermal hyperplasia was induced in guinea pig epidermis by a single application of n-hexadecane. The epidermal response was analysed by light microscopy and by energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). The epidermal hyperplasia reached a maximum between 96 and 192 h after the application. The hyperplastic response was associated with a depressed sodium-potassium ratio (increased potassium, decreased sodium) in the keratinocytes at 96 h, beginning already at 48 h. At 24 h there were no major differences in elemental content, compared the controls. The result of the present study is consistent with the hypothesis that alterations in the functional state of the epidermal keratinocytes are associated with changes in the sodium-potassium ratio in the cells. The absence of major elemental changes at 24 h indicates that the initiation of the hyperplastic response occurred prior to this time point.