老年男性骨质疏松患者血清胰淀素与骨密度及骨转换生化指标的关系

目的探讨老年男性骨质疏松患者血清胰淀素(Amylin)水平的变化及其与骨密度(BMD)及骨转换生化指标的关系。方法采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定89例老年男性骨质疏松患者和50例正常男性老年人血清Amylin、骨碱性磷酸酶(BAP)、骨钙素(BGP)、I型胶原氨基末端肽(NTX),采用美国NORLAND XR-46 Excell-plus双能X线骨密度测定仪分别测定正位腰椎(L2-L4)及左侧股骨颈BMD。结果老年男性骨质疏松患者正位腰椎及左侧股骨颈BMD、血清Amylin、BAP、BGP水平较正常男性老年人明显降低(均P<0.01),血清NTX水平较正常男性老年人明显升高(P<0.01)。老年男性骨质疏松患者血清Amylin水平与患者正位腰椎及左侧股骨颈BMD、血清BAP、BGP水平呈明显正相关(r=0.598,r=0.652,r=0.576,r=0.584,均P<0.01),与患者血清NTX水平呈明显负相关(r=-0.673,P<0.01)。结论血清胰淀素水平降低在老年男性骨质疏松的发病中可能发挥重要作用。     

绝经后妇女骨代谢生化指标与骨密度相关性研究

目的探讨绝经女性骨密度与骨代谢生化指标血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b的关系。方法 选取我科2007 -2009年人院的绝经女性115例,采用DPX2L型双能X线骨密度检测仪,测定腰椎 (L2 ~L4)及股骨上端[包括股骨颈（NECK)、华氏三角（Ward)及股骨粗隆（TROCH)]的骨密度 (BMD)值;根据Tscore值将人选者分为骨量正常组（48例)和骨质疏松组（67例）。并选未绝经女性 30例,骨密度检查正常者为对照组,采用酶联免疫法测定各组血清骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（ALP)、血清 骨钙素（BGP)、血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRAP-5b)的浓度,并比较三组骨代谢生化指标的变化,并 对BMD与各项骨代谢指标进行相关性分析。结果绝经女性骨质疏松组各部位BMD值均低于骨量 正常组(P<0. 05);骨质疏松组血中ALP、BGP、TRAP-5b浓度均显著高于骨量正常组（P <0. 05 ),骨 量正常组血清ALP、BGP、TRAP-5b浓度显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0. 05 )。对照组各部 位的骨密度值与骨代谢生化指标无明显相关性（P>0.05),在绝经女性骨质疏松组中,ALP和TRAP- 5b与腰椎（L2 ~L4)及股骨颈部位的BMD有一定的关系,呈负相关（r分别为-0. 248、- 0. 364、- 0.434、-0.386 )。结论绝经女性骨质疏松为高转换型,血清ALP、BGP、TRAP-5b浓度变化可反映 骨代谢活动,绝经女性BMD的降低与骨转换率升高有关。检测代谢指标有助于早期防治骨质疏松症 (OP)。     

绝经后女性血清硒水平与骨质疏松骨密度和骨代谢指标相关性研究

目的探索血清硒水平与绝经后妇女骨代谢指标以及腰椎和髋部骨密度之间相关性。方法检测156例正常骨密度和162例骨质疏松症的血清硒、25-羟基维生素D、PTH、骨钙素、PINP、CTX和NTX/Cr等指标水平。腰椎和股骨颈的BMD通过双能X线吸收法测量。探索了血清硒水平与骨密度的关系。结果骨质疏松症女性的血清硒水平低于正常骨密度的女性(P0.05)。在骨质疏松症妇女中,血清硒水平与年龄、绝经年限、BMI、PTH、骨钙素、PINP、CTX和NTX/Cr水平呈负相关,与25-羟基维生素D水平呈正相关。在正常骨密度组,血清硒水平与这些参数均未发现明显的相关性。调整年龄和BMI后,腰椎和股骨颈骨密度与血清硒及25-羟基维生素D水平呈显著正相关,与绝经年限、PTH、骨钙素、PINP、CTX和NTX/Cr呈负相关。对年龄和BMI进行调整后,进行多元回归分析以确定BMD的预测因子,血清硒和PINP、CTX是腰椎和股骨颈骨密度的显著预测因子。结论绝经后女性患者血清硒水平降低与腰椎和股骨颈骨密度降低密切有关。     

老年男性骨质疏松患者血清脂联素与骨密度 及骨转换生化指标的关系

目的探讨老年男性骨质疏松患者血清脂联素（AdiponecUn,APN )水平的变化及其与骨密度 (BMD )及骨转换生化指标的关系。方法采用酶联免疫法（ELISA )测定89例老年男性骨质疏松患 者和50例正常男性老年人血清APN、骨碱性磷酸酶（BAP )、骨钙素（BGP )、型胶原氨基末端肽 (NTX),采用美国NORLAND Excell-plus双能X线骨密度测定仪分别测定其正位腰椎（L2-4 )及左侧 股骨颈处BMD。结果老年男性骨质疏松患者正位腰椎及左侧股骨颈BMD、血清APN、BAP、BGP水 平较正常男性老年人明显降低（均孕<0.01 ),血清NTX水平较正常男性老年人明显升高（P <0.01 )。 老年男性骨质疏松患者血清APN水平与患者正位腰椎及左侧股骨颈BMD、血清BAP、BGP水平呈明 显正相关（则= 0.468 v = 0. 487,= 0. 402,=0.415,均P <0.01 ),与患者血清NTX水平呈明显负相关 (则=-0.498 ,P <0.01 )。结论血清脂联素水平降低在老年男性骨质疏松的发病中可能发挥重要作 用。     

糖尿病肾病患者骨密度及骨代谢标志物的临床研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)不同阶段糖尿病肾病(DN)患者的骨密度(BMD)及骨代谢标志物的变化。方法检测T2DM正常白蛋白尿患者(51例)与DN患者(微量白蛋白尿组40例,临床白蛋白尿组28例,肾功不全组20例)的BMD及骨代谢指标。结果 25羟维生素D3(25-OH-D3)在正常白蛋白尿组最高,在DN各组间随着肾功能的恶化逐渐降低(P0.05)。DN各组血清骨钙素(BGP)及血清总I型胶原氨基端延长肽(T-PINP)均低于正常白蛋白尿组(P0.05)。DN各组I型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列(βCTX)均高于正常白蛋白尿组(P0.05)。肾功不全组血清甲状旁腺激素(PTH)明显高于其他3组(P0.05),其他各组间差异无显著性(P0.05)。大量白蛋白尿组及肾功不全组各部位BMD值均低于正常白蛋白尿组(P0.05)。多元相关分析表明腰椎BMD及股骨颈BMD与年龄、血Cr、BUN、尿MA/Cr、βCTX、PTH成负相关,与血Ca、25-OHD3、BGP、T-PINP成正相关,女性患者腰椎BMD及股骨颈BMD与绝经年限成负相关。结论随着T2DM患者肾功能逐渐下降,其骨量减少的程度逐渐加重,T-PINP、BGP、βCTX、25-OH-D3等骨代谢指标较BMD更敏感地反映DN早期骨代谢的变化。DN患者的BMD与年龄、绝经年限、尿MA/Cr、25-OH-D3等因素相关。     

IL-33与绝经后骨质疏松女性骨密度和骨代谢指标相关性研究

目的 探索血清白细胞介素-33(IL-33)与绝经后骨质疏松女性骨密度和骨代谢指标相关性。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法测定50例绝经后骨质疏松患者和50例正常绝经后妇女血清IL-33水平。采用双能X线骨密度仪(DXA)测量患者和对照组的骨密度(BMD)。检测维生素D、钙、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平,以及1型胶原C末端肽(CTX)和1型前胶原N端前肽(P1NP)等骨转换指标。结果 在绝经后骨质疏松症女性中,IL-33水平显著低于健康对照组[(3.53±2.45) pg/mL vs (13.72±5.39) pg/mL,P=0.007];Spearman相关分析表明血清IL-33水平与年龄、BMI、PTH、CTX和P1NP水平呈负相关,与腰椎BMD和股骨颈BMD呈正相关。多元回归分析表明,年龄、BMI、腰椎BMD、PTH、股骨颈BMD和血清CTX和P1NP水平是骨质疏松症患者血清IL-33水平降低的独立预测因子。结论 血清IL-33降低是绝经后骨质疏松患者股骨颈和腰椎骨密度降低和骨转换增速的危险因素。     

长期强的松治疗对绝经前SLE患者骨密度的影响

目的探讨长期强的松治疗对绝经前系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者骨密度的影响。方法142例SLE患者均为绝经前女性,年龄12~40岁(平均29·5岁)。正常对照78例女性,年龄15~39岁(平均28·9岁),排除影响骨代谢的各种急慢性疾病。应用HOLOGIC QDR4500双能量X线骨密度仪检测腰椎和股骨近端的骨密度值,测定血清雌二醇、雌三醇。结果①绝经前SLE患者骨量减少、骨质疏松发生率分别为42·96%、14·79%,均显著高于正常对照组(P值均<0·01);②骨质疏松和骨量减少患者服用强的松的时间、总剂量均显著高于骨量正常患者(P值均<0·01);③绝经前患者雌二醇与正常对照无显著差异,而雌三醇明显升高(P<0·01)。结论①长期服用强的松的绝经前SLE患者骨量减少和骨质疏松发生率均显著增高;②SLE患者骨量减少和骨质疏松的发生与使用强的松的时间和总剂量有关;③绝经前SLE患者雌三醇产生增多,可能对骨密度具有保护作用。     

唑来膦酸注射液治疗62例绝经后糖尿病骨质疏松患者的临床观察

目的 探讨唑来膦酸注射液(ZOL)治疗绝经后女性2型糖尿病(T2DM)骨质疏松患者的临床疗效。方法 随机选择在我院内分泌科住院治疗的62例绝经后女性2型糖尿病骨质疏松患者,所有患者均给予唑来膦酸注射液治疗6个月;双能X 线骨密度测定仪测定腰椎L1-4、股骨颈、股骨大转子、华氏三角区;原装进口试剂盒检测血清中骨钙素（BGP)和骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(B-ALP);全自动生化分析仪检测肾功能及血钙、血磷;对比治疗前后腰椎L1-4、股骨颈、股骨大转子、华氏三角区的骨 密度(BMD)及治疗前后血清中血钙(Ca)、血磷(P)、骨钙素(BGP)、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(B-ALP);测定治疗前后视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)。结果 ZOL治疗6个月后,腰椎L1-4、股骨颈、股骨大转子、华氏三角区的BMD均较前明显升高,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0. 05);BGP较治疗前明显升高,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0. 05);B-ALP较治疗前明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0. 05);血钙（Ca )、血磷(P)保持平稳,无明显变化(P > 0. 05); VAS评分改善明显,差异具有统计学意义（P < 0. 05)。 结论 唑来膦酸注射液(ZOL)治疗绝经后女性2型糖尿病(T2DM)骨质疏松患者疗效确切,值得推广。     

绝经前子宫切除对卵巢功能及骨代谢和骨密度的影响

目的 研究子宫全切而保留卵巢患者远期卵巢激素水平及骨代谢、骨密度情况。方法子宫全切保留单侧卵巢者48例,保留双侧卵巢者15例及对照组30例。所有观察对象均测定血清E2、FSH及血清Ca、血P、血AKP、血BGP、及空腹尿Ca/Cr及尿HYP/Cr值、骨密度值。结果 单侧卵巢保留组血AKP值显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血BGP显著高于对照组(P<0.01),且空腹尿Ca/Cr及尿HYP/Cr值均显著高于对照组(P<0.01),骨密度值显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。双侧卵巢保留组尿HYP/Cr值显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 子宫全切保留单侧卵巢者远期易发生骨量丢失致骨密度下降,双侧卵巢保留者亦有骨吸收加快,但无骨密度下降。     

绝经后不同骨关节退行性疾病与骨质疏松程度的相关性研究

目的探讨绝经后女性不同骨关节退行性疾病的临床特点及与骨密度的关系,为防治绝经后骨关节退行性疾病提供依据。方法选取2013年9月至2016年3月在我院收治的959例绝经后女性患者,取腰椎和股骨颈处的最大的骨密度值及T值作为研究对象,按不同骨关节退行性疾病分为脆性骨折组、腰椎退行性病变组、膝骨关节炎组及无明显骨关节疾病对照组。采用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 (1)各组间腰椎BMD值及T值的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),其中腰椎退行性病变组患者的腰椎骨密度值和T值均比其他3组明显减低(P0.05),膝骨关节炎组骨密度值和T值均高于其他3组(P0.05);(2)各组间股骨颈BMD值及T值的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),其中脆性骨折组患者的股骨颈骨密度值和T值均比其他3组明显减低(P0.05),膝骨关节炎组骨密度值和T值均高于其他3组(P0.05)。结论在绝经后女性患者中,脆性骨折与骨质疏松的关系最为密切,而其他骨关节疾病也在不同程度上与骨质疏松程度存在显著相关性,在治疗骨关节疾病的同时也要重视骨质疏松症的防治。     

跖骨感染骨外露的显微外科治疗

[目的]回顾总结跖骨骨感染骨外露的显微外科治疗方法。[方法]自1995年～2005年采用显微外科技术治疗214例跖骨骨外露骨感染患者。[结果]全部病例获得随访1～10年，平均随访3年，14例游离植皮术后皮肤成活良好，199例术后皮瓣全部成活，1例腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣移位修复术出现远端部分皮肤坏死，后经换药处理后，伤口自然愈合。皮瓣移植术后质地良好，无溃疡复发。患足均可负重走路。[结论]应用显微外科技术治疗跖骨骨感染骨外露可获得较好的疗效。     

Genetic regulation of bone mass: from bone density to bone strength

Osteoporosis is a common disease characterized in adults by diminished bone density. Bone is an organ that evolves and grows throughout life, and establishing optimal bone density in childhood and adolescence serves to buffer bone loss later in life. Bone density, a measurable entity, is the clinical substitute for bone strength, or the ability to defend against fracture. Chronic diseases may adversely affect optimal peak bone density. Bone density is under genetic control, as revealed by three lines of investigations. These include (1) the finding of quantitative trait loci for bone density, (2) the finding that specific mutations in genes that are important in the development of osteoblast or osteoclast lineages alter bone density, and (3) the linkeage of known polymorphisms for genes involved in mineral homeostasis to bone density and/or fracture. Future therapeutics for improving peak bone density or delaying bone loss later in life may take advantage of the genetic nature of bone density development.This work was presented in part at the IPNA Seventh Symposium on Growth and Development in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: The Molecular Basis of Skeletal Growth, 1–3 April 2004, Heidelberg, Germany     

Assessment of bone density and bone loss

Osteoporosis International - Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry has become the standard for the evaluation of osteoporosis. It is useful both for identifying those people who are going to be at risk...     

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the occipital bone

A 13 years boy presented with a painless hard and fixed swelling in occipital region for the last three months. Plain X-ray, CT scan and MRI showed an expansile multi loculated cystic lesion in occipital bone. Histopathological examination revealed it to be an aneurysmal bone cyst. Treatment of choice is surgery. However, radiotherapy may be helpful in incompletely excised lesions.     

Development of bone canaliculi during bone repair

We recently found that silver impregnation staining with protargol (silver protein), that is, a modified Bodian method, is useful for histologically identifying the details of bone canaliculi structure, using thin sections of decalcified bone tissues. With this staining method, we conducted the present study to assess the development of bone canaliculi during the process of intramembranous ossification using a fracture-like stimulation model of the rat femur. After making a drill-hole in the cortex of the rat femur, decalcified thin sections were obtained after 3, 5, 7, and 14 days by the standard paraffin-embedding procedure. Silver staining for bone canaliculi was performed using our previously reported technique. The results showed that woven bone covered the fracture surface of the cortex after 5 days, then immature lamellar bone attached to the woven bone after 7 days, and finally the lamellar bone matured and became thick with appositional growth after 14 days. The osteocytes in the woven bone appeared at an early stage of bone repair and developed a few canaliculi that were short and irregularly distributed in the osteoid matrix, while the osteocytes in the lamellar bone at a late stage formed many bone canaliculi that were long and regularly distributed in mature bone matrix. Therefore, we concluded that woven bone osteocytes may be necessary for induction of the lamellar bone osteocytes followed by active appositional growth of the lamellar bone at the early stage of bone repair, and also that both bone tissues could be clearly distinguished from one another based on the pattern of development of bone canaliculi by the osteocytes, as seen with the use of our sensitive staining method.     

重组合异种骨植骨修复骨囊肿所致骨缺损

2001年10月～2003年9月,笔者共收治28例骨囊肿患者,均采用病灶刮除,瘤腔灭活和重组合异种骨植骨治疗,获得满意疗效,体会如下。     

Transmembrane bone matrix gelatin-induced differentiation of bone

In response to chemically-defined bone matrix gelatin (BMG) inside a diffusion chamber implanted in a muscle pouch, mesenchymal cells migrate directionally, aggregate and differentiate into new bone, on theoutside of the chamber. BMG diffuses through double membranes 275 to 300 μm in thickness. The inner membrane of pore size is 0.025 μm and the outer membrane of pore size is 0.45 μm. The inner membrane is 1/20 the pore size and the combination is twice the thickness of membranes previously reported to transfer osteoinductive activity of living cells. Autoradiographs show³⁵S-cysteine-labelled BMG produces very high transmembrane grain counts while³H-proline labelled BMG produces very low transmembrane grain counts. Electron micrographs demonstrate that gelatin-derived, uranyl-acetate-stained fine granules interspersed with ruthenium red-staining coarse granules, diffuse through the membrane of 0.025 μm pore size from the inside out. Solitary pale-staining collagen fibrils, possibly formed in interstitial fluid by renaturation of BMG are found in the interior of the chamber and in the interior of the outer 0.45 μm but not the inner 0.025 μm pore size membrane. Densely-stained new bone collagen fiber bundles cover the outer membrane, fill the 0.45 μm subsurface pores for a depth of 0.20 to 30 μm, and thereby attach the new cartilage and bone deposits to the outer surface of the chamber. BMG powders solubilize rapidly in diffusion chambers and produce high yields of new bone. The relationship between denatured collagen and renatured gelatin fibrils in the process of transfer of the bone morphogen from BMG to mesenchymal cell receptors is an intriguing subject for further investigation.     

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the frontal bone

Aneurysmal bone cyst rarely affects the skull. We report two cases of aneurysmal bone cyst of the frontal bone. One of the cases is associated with pregnancy. The association of pregnancy with aneurysmal bone cyst and enlargement of the aneurysmal bone cyst during the pregnancy have been discussed.