The effect of an intramedullary self-reinforced poly-L-lactide (SR-PLLA) implant on growing bone with special reference to fixation properties. An experimental study on growing rabbits

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a synthetic biodegradable material. The self-reinforced implants made of poly-L-lactic acid (SR-PLLA) were manufactured of biodegradable polymeric matrix reinforced with fibres of the same material. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of an intramedullary SR-PLLA implant on growing bone and its applicability to the fixation of a femoral shaft osteotomy in a growing rabbit. In seven rabbits 6 weeks of age a SR-PLLA implant 2.0 mm in diameter and 50 mm in length was introduced into the intramedullary cavity of the right femur. A proximal femoral shaft osteotomy of the right femur was made in another ten 6-weeks-old rabbits. After accurate reduction, fixation of the osteotomy was achieved with an intramedullary 2.0 mm by 50 mm SR-PLLA-rod. The follow-up times were 6 and 28 weeks. An intramedullary SR-PLLA-rod neither caused any disturbance of the bone growth nor abnormalities of the peripheral blood cell counts. Solid union of the osteotomy was seen in six weeks after fixation with SR-PLLA implant.     

The effect of an intramedullary self-reinforced poly-L-lactide (SR-PLLA) implant on growing bone with special reference to fixation properties. An experimental study on growing rabbits.

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a synthetic biodegradable material. The self-reinforced implants made of poly-L-lactic acid (SR-PLLA) were manufactured of biodegradable polymeric matrix reinforced with fibres of the same material. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of an intramedullary SR-PLLA implant on growing bone and its applicability to the fixation of a femoral shaft osteotomy in a growing rabbit. In seven rabbits 6 weeks of age a SR-PLLA implant 2.0 mm in diameter and 50 mm in length was introduced into the intramedullary cavity of the right femur. A proximal femoral shaft osteotomy of the right femur was made in another ten 6-weeks-old rabbits. After accurate reduction, fixation of the osteotomy was achieved with an intramedullary 2.0 mm by 50 mm SR-PLLA-rod. The follow-up times were 6 and 28 weeks. An intramedullary SR-PLLA-rod neither caused any disturbance of the bone growth nor abnormalities of the peripheral blood cell counts. Solid union of the osteotomy was seen in six weeks after fixation with SR-PLLA implant.     

Fixation of femoral shaft osteotomy with intramedullary metallic or absorbable rod: an experimental study on growing dogs.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an intramedullary self-reinforced polyglycolic acid (SR-PGA), self-reinforced poly-L-lactic acid (SR-PLLA) and a metallic rod on growing bone and their applicability in the fixation of a femoral shaft osteotomy in growing dogs. In 5 dogs, 12 weeks of age, a SR-PGA rod and in another 5 dogs a SR-PLLA rod, both 4.7 mm in diameter and 60 mm in length, were introduced into the intramedullary cavity of the right femur to fix a femoral shaft osteotomy. In a third group of 5 dogs the femoral shaft osteotomy was fixed with an intramedullary metallic rod of equal size. The follow-up intervals were 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 weeks. Solid union of the osteotomy without secondary displacement was seen radiographically 6 weeks after the operation in all dogs. Neither an intramedullary SR-PGA-, SR-PLLA- nor metallic rod caused any significant disturbance to the longitudinal growth of the operated femur. Narrowing of the femoral neck and a slight valgization of the angle between the femoral neck and shaft without any functional disability was seen 48 weeks after the operation.     

Treatment of femoral shaft fracture with an interlocking humeral nail in older children and adolescents

Purpose

Rigid interlocking nailing for femoral shaft fracture is ideal for use in adolescents in terms of stability of the fracture and convenience for the patient. However, numerous authors have reported that rigid interlocking nailing has some limitations in this age group due to the risk of complications. We evaluated the results of intramedullary nailing for femoral shaft fractures with an interlocking humeral nail in older children and adolescents.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed records of patients treated with an interlocking humeral nail. Radiographs were examined for proximal femoral change and evidence of osteonecrosis. Outcomes were assessed by major or minor complications that occurred after operative treatment.

Results

Twenty-four femoral shaft fractures in 23 patients were enrolled. The mean age at the time of operation was 12 years and 8 months and the mean follow-up period was 21 months. Bony union was achieved in all patients without any complications related to the procedure such as infection, nonunion, malalignment and limb length discrepancy. All fractures were clinically and radiographically united within an average eight weeks. No patients developed avascular necrosis of the femoral head and coxa valga.

Conclusion

Intramedullary nailing through the greater trochanter using a rigid interlocking humeral nail is effective and safe for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in older children and adolescents.     

钢板桥接内固定治疗儿童复杂股骨干骨折

[摘要]目的 分析钢板桥接内固定治疗儿童复杂股骨干骨折的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2010年7月至2015年3月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第910医院收治的55例儿童股骨干骨折患儿资料,所有患儿均采用钢板桥接内固定。其中,男38例,女17例;年龄6.6 ～ 13.7（9.3±2.7）岁,体重12.9 ～ 71.5（35.4±12.1） kg;单纯股骨干骨折26例,累及股骨近端骨折18例,累及股骨远端骨折11例。记录手术时间,术中出血量,放射暴露时间,骨折愈合时间,术后髋、膝关节功能和并发症。结果 所有患儿随访28 ～ 50（36.5±6.4）个月,均获得骨性愈合和正常关节功能。其中儿童股骨干骨折稳定型与不稳定型、体重≥45 kg与＜45 kg、不同骨折部位之间,手术时间、术中出血量、放射暴露时间、骨折愈合时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后严重并发症2例,其中1例内固定失败,1例深部感染。结论 钢板桥接内固定治疗儿童股骨干骨折,可以提供骨折愈合的可靠固定,损伤小,并发症少,适用于体重大、不稳定的复杂儿童股骨干骨折或累及干骺端的骨折。     

Combined deepening trochleoplasty and supracondylar external rotation osteotomy for recurrent patellar instability in patients with trochlear dysplasia and increased femoral antetorsion

BackgroundDeepening trochleoplasty has become a part of surgical management in patients with patellar instability and severe trochlear dysplasia. In addition, increased femoral antetorsion is treated most commonly by proximal femoral external rotation osteotomy.HypothesisDeepening trochleoplasty and supracondylar femoral external rotation osteotomy in combination improve patellar stability and function in patients presenting with recurrent patellar instability due to trochlear dysplasia and increased femoral antetorsion.Study designTherapeutic case series; Level IV.MethodsCombined deepening trochleoplasty and supracondylar external rotation osteotomy were performed in seven female patients (nine knees) with recurrent patellar instability. Trochlear dysplasia (Dejour classification) and increased femoral antetorsion (Murphy computed tomography (CT)-based measurement) were documented using magnetic resonance imaging and CT scans. Data were collected prospectively preoperatively, at 12 months, and at final follow-up. Complete data were available in 100% of cases. Clinical and functional outcomes were evaluated using the Kujala score and Tegner activity level scale.ResultsThe average age at the time of surgery was 22.2 years (range, 17–29 years). Preoperative MRI-based findings demonstrated in all patients significant trochlear dysplasia (B in two, C in five, and D in two knees). Femoral antetorsion was 37.8° on average (range, 27–51°). The mean follow-up was 2.1 years after surgery (range, 1–5.5 years). The median Kujala score was 41.2 preoperatively, rising to 83.1 at final follow-up (P = .015). The Tegner activity score improved from a mean preoperative score of 2.7 to a mean postoperative score of 6.0 (P = .020). Good patellar stability without positive apprehension sign was found in all patients. Poor outcome was associated with significant patellofemoral cartilage damage (grade IV) at the time of surgery. A total of 88.8% of patients were satisfied with the knee function at final follow-up. There were no postoperative complications.ConclusionThe combination of deepening trochleoplasty and supracondylar external rotation osteotomy performed in one step is an individually adapted surgical procedure for restoring both horizontal limb alignment and trochlear geometry. It improves patellar stability and yields good subjective and objective functional results in most cases. The condition of the cartilage at the time of surgery is crucial for the outcome with respect to the pain.     

带锁髓内钉小切口治疗股骨干粉碎性骨折临床疗效分析

目的观察带锁髓内钉小切口辅助复位治疗股骨干粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法 35例股骨干粉碎性骨折,男28例,女7例,均静力交锁髓内钉固定,通过折端2～4cm的小切口,以手指或器械引导辅助复位。观察骨折复位程度,手术时间,骨折愈合时间,术后肢体功能,术后并症等指标。结果未出现旋转畸形,有三例〈2cm的短缩,所有病例均取得骨性愈合,平均愈合时间为6.5±2个月,平均手术时间35分钟,无深部感染,所有患都均取得良好肢体功能,随访10～28个月。肢体功能恢复情况参照Karlstr？m等标准,优32例,良1例,可2例,优良率94%。结论带锁髓内钉小切口治疗股骨干粉碎性骨折是一种行之有行的方法 ,小切口对骨折端生物学干扰小,它具有骨折愈合率高,手术时间短,并发症少,肢体功能好等特点,值得临床应用。     

外固定支架在肱骨干萎缩性骨不连中的应用及疗效

目的探讨外固定支架对肱骨干萎缩性骨不连的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2013年3月至2015年6月21例肱骨干萎缩性骨不连患者的临床资料,其中,男14例,女7例;年龄26～63岁,平均43.2岁;骨不连病程12～28个月,平均14.1个月;所有患者均采用切开复位外固定进行治疗。术后通过临床检查、X线片、Mayo肘关节功能评分(MEPS)评估治疗效果。结果对所有患者随访8～29个月,平均19.1个月。所有患者骨不连在术后8～17个月(平均12.7个月)牢固愈合。末次随访时肘关节屈伸活动范围从术前53°上升至94°,MEPS评分由术前平均51分上升至87分;其中优13例,良5例,中2例,差1例,优良率为85.7%。3例存在钉道感染,1例存在肘关节僵硬,在二次治疗后均得到改善。结论通过外固定支架治疗肱骨干萎缩性骨不连,虽然不能作为首选手术方案,但可以一定程度上提供关节稳定性,在肘关节活动度恢复方面有独到的优势,适合临床推广。     

Total knee arthroplasty following prior distal femoral fracture

Background: Femoral fracture may predispose the knee to the development of post-traumatic arthritis by either a direct intra-articular injury or residual limb malalignment. Malunion, intra-articular osseous defects, limb malalignment, retained internal fixation devices, and compromised surrounding soft tissues may in turn affect the outcome of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in these patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate the result of TKA in patients with previous distal femoral fracture. Methods: The results of 48 cemented condylar total knee arthroplasties, performed between 1980 to 1998, in 47 patients with a previous distal femoral fracture were reviewed. There were 37 females and 10 males with an average age of 65 years (range, 19–84 years). Follow-up averaged 6.2 years (range, 2–16 years). No patients were lost to follow-up. Results: At the time of arthroplasty a femoral fracture non-union was present in three knees, all of which were treated with a long stem cemented femoral component and bone grafting. Malunion, defined as angulation greater than 10° in the coronal plain or greater than 15° in the sagittal plain, was present in 21 knees. Of these, six underwent distal femoral osteotomy during TKA. In the remaining 15 patients, with a malunion, the deformity was addressed by alterations in the orientation and location of bone resection. Other procedures were commonly needed at the time of arthroplasty and included: lateral retinacular release (22 knees), extensor mechanism realignment (eight knees), and collateral ligament reconstruction (two knees). The mean pre-operative Knee Society Scores were 40 (range, 0–80) for pain and 48 (range, 0–100) for function and improved significantly to a mean of 84 (range, 37–99) and 66 (range, 0–100) points, respectively, at the latest follow-up (P<0.001). The knee arc of motion improved from a pre-operative mean of 83–99° at the latest follow-up (P<0.004). Post-operative manipulation under anesthesia for poor motion was carried out in four knees. Two knees had aseptic loosening that required subsequent revisions. Three knees developed deep infection which was treated with debridement and retention of components in one knee, arthrodesis in another, and eventual amputation in one knee. Conclusions: Significant improvement in function and relief of pain is seen in the vast majority of patients with previous distal femoral fractures undergoing subsequent TKA. However, these patients are at increased risk for restricted motion and perioperative complications following TKA. Special efforts to preserve the vascularity of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, restore limb alignment, ensure correct component positioning, and achieve soft tissue balance may help minimize the problems identified in this study.     

Fifteen to twenty-eight years' follow-up results of high tibial valgus osteotomy for osteoarthritic knee

A long-term follow-up study was performed on 75 knees of 53 patients after high tibial valgus osteotomy. The earlier results have previously been reported. There were 15 knees in 11 men and 60 knees in 42 women. The follow-up period ranged from 15 to 28 years with a mean of 19±3 years. The age at osteotomy ranged from 46 to 73 years with a mean of 59.6±6.7 years. The diagnosis was medial compartmental osteoarthritis (OA) in 68 knees (46 patients) and spontaneous osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle in 7 knees (7 patients). Valgus osteotomy was performed above the tibial tuberosity, with removal of a laterally based wedge in all cases, aiming for anatomical valgus angulation of 10°. The American Knee Society Score showed a Knee Score of 37±20 and a Function Score of 38±16 preoperatively and 87±13 and 80±19 at the final 15 to 28 years' follow-up. The femoro-tibial angle in standing was 186±6.5° (6° of anatomical varus angulation) before and 171±7.5° (9° of anatomical valgus angulation) at final follow-up (p<0.0001), with no apparent loss of limb alignment.     

A novel approach for evaluating acceptable intra-operative correction of lower limb alignment in femoral and tibial malunion using the deviation angle of the normal contralateral knee

BackgroundA simple and appropriate approach for evaluating an acceptable alignment of bone around the knee during operation has not yet been reported.MethodsThirty-five men and 35 women presenting with nonunion or malunion of the unilateral femoral shaft were included in the first study. Using the standing scanograph, the contralateral normal lower extremity was measured to determine the normal deviation angle (DA) of the medial malleolus when the medial aspect of the knee was placed in the midline of the body. In the second study, the normal DA from individual patients was used as a reference to evaluate knee alignment during operation in 40 other patients presenting with distal femoral or proximal tibial nonunion or malunion. The clinical and knee functional outcomes of these 40 patients were investigated.ResultsThe average normal DA was 4.2° in men and 6.0° in women (p < 0.001). Thirty-four of the 40 patients presenting with disorders around the knee were followed up for an average of 3.6 years (range, 1.1–6.5 years). Thirty fractures healed with a union rate of 88% and an average union period of 4.2 months (range, 2.5–6.5 months). Ideal knee alignment was maintained in all 30 patients with fracture union. Satisfactory function of the knee was achieved in 28 patients (82%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsUsing a normal DA as a reference may be a feasible and effective technique for evaluating an acceptable alignment of bone around the knee during operation.Levels of evidenceLevel IV, Case series.     

外置式人工关节控制下的家兔膝关节再生与功能恢复

目的 探讨仿生运动生物力学环境下关节再生的可能性。方法 采用实验家兔7只,在实验家兔一侧股骨干和胫骨骨干各穿2枚直径1.5 mm 克氏针,分别安装框架平台。然后在体外通过在膝关节内、外侧分别安装模拟膝关节矢状面运动轨迹的平面四杆机构,连接股骨和胫骨上已经安装好的框架平台。在股骨髁和胫骨平台同时截骨去除关节软骨、部分软骨下骨及十字交叉韧带和半月板等结构,但不损伤肌腱起止点,保留关节囊及囊外韧带,保留髌骨和籽骨。术后家兔自然活动。在关节截骨后的愈合过程中定期拍摄X线片,测量关节矢状面的活动度和骨性间隙。结果 7只实验家兔中6例成功安装外置式人工关节,截骨微创骨穿针仿生运动外置式人工关节控制下自然活动。膝关节被动活动范围分别为：术后第1周,极限屈曲位（144.7±15.62）°, 极限伸直位（44.2±25.77）°, 活动度（100.5±29.03）°; 术后第12周,极限屈曲位（139.4 ± 12.92）°, 极限伸直位（40.4±22.04）°,活动度（99.0±23.39）°。截骨术后第12周与截骨术后第1周相比,屈曲位、伸直位和活动度均没有显著差异。X线显示骨性关节间隙依然存在。截骨侧骨性关节间隙明显减小,由截骨术后第1周（4.03±1.84） mm 减小到第12周（2.32±1.05） mm,而对侧正常骨性关节间隙为（1.27±0.22） mm。术后16周拆除外置式人工关节,切开关节囊观察,发现新生白色软骨覆盖截骨再生表面,表面光滑,具有典型关节滑车结构,并且观察到类似韧带的纤维束从再生的股骨下端发出,终止于新生的胫骨上端。术后第25周,所有6只实验家兔截骨再生膝关节屈曲位（148.3±4.75）°,伸直位（48.30±17.57）°,活动范围（100.0±20.80）°;对侧（左侧）正常膝关节屈曲位（148.3±7.5）°,伸直位（21.6±9.09）°,活动范围（126.7±6.88）°。截骨侧、对侧骨性关节间隙分别为（1.4±0.59）、（0.92±0.35） mm。结论 外置式仿生运动人工关节为家兔膝关节再生保留了再生空间,提供了一种运动模拟环境、印证了骨折愈合过程的应力适应性。本研究结果提示仿生运动生物力学环境下,正常家兔膝关节内截骨后再生是可能的。     

交锁髓内钉固定股骨干骨折术后骨不连原因分析

目的探讨股骨干骨折应用交锁髓内钉固定术骨不连的原因,并提出防治措施。方法对南昌大学第三附属医院2009～2010年34例采用交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折患者进行回顾性分析,其中对6例骨延迟愈合及3例骨不连者采取骨折端动力化,对1例骨不连者行取钉、更换内固定并植骨。结果骨延迟愈合6例骨延迟愈合及4例骨不连者,经过上述治疗,随访10个月以上,骨折愈合良好。结论静力交锁髓内钉固定的股骨骨折愈合主要通过膜内骨化,术中应避免损伤骨膜,适时采取骨折端动力化,促进软骨内骨化,减少术后骨不连。     

外侧副韧带松弛的内翻膝患者在TKA术中的胫骨截骨量分析

目的　探讨合并外侧副韧带松弛的内翻膝患者的截骨量是否受影响。 方法　选取本院2016年至2018年行膝关节置换的内翻膝患者92例,其中25例合并外侧副韧带松弛的患者为观察组;其余患者为对照组。两组均采用等量截骨法进行截骨。术中测量股骨远端外髁、股骨后外髁、胫骨外侧平台截骨量,随访测量胫股解剖角（anatomic tibiofemoral angle,ATFA）、髌骨倾斜角（patellar tilt angle,PTA）、股骨后髁偏距（posterior condylar offset,PCO）。采用美国膝关节协会评分（AKS）、美国特种外科医院（HSS）评分以及关节活动度评价关节功能。 结果　两组股骨远端外髁截骨量差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,观察组术中胫骨外侧平台截骨量低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患者术后6周、6个月及12个月ATFA、PTA、PCO、AKS评分、HSS评分及膝关节活动度无统计学差异（P>0.05）。 结论　合并外侧副韧带松弛的内翻膝患者的胫骨外侧平台截骨量较小。     

骨科机器人辅助股骨近端外展截骨动力髋螺钉固定治疗中青年股骨颈骨折不愈合的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨骨科机器人辅助下股骨近端外展截骨动力髋螺钉（DHS）固定治疗中青年股骨颈骨折不愈合患者的临床效果。方法 横断面研究。纳入2020年4月—2021年4月北京积水潭医院创伤骨科中青年股骨颈骨折不愈合患者8例。8例均为男性,年龄17~52岁（平均34.1岁）,均采用骨科机器人辅助股骨近端外展截骨DHS固定治疗。患者此次外展截骨DHS固定手术与其初次股骨颈骨折内固定手术间隔时间为4~26个月,平均10.1个月。观察手术时间、出血量及围术期并发症发生情况、患者的骨折愈合情况、Pauwels角及颈干角矫正情况、肢体长度差异及Harris髋关节评分。结果 8例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间为80~240 min,平均134 min。术中出血量200~750 mL,平均为356 mL。手术切口均Ⅰ期愈合,未见切口及深部感染。本组8例患者术后随访13~23个月,平均18.6个月。末次随访时X线检查均未见明显股骨头缺血性坏死或塌陷。经股骨近端外展截骨DHS固定手术治疗后,8例患者股骨颈骨折不愈合处以及小粗隆截骨部位均达到骨折愈合,愈合时间3~5个月,平均3.7个月。末次随访时,8例患者颈干角和Pauwels角分别由术前的113.13°±4.64°和67.50°±6.19°改善至140.75°±2.38°和40.50°±2.56°,两侧肢体长度差异由术前的（1.21±0.79）cm减少至（0.36±0.18）cm,Harris评分由术前的66.50（65.00,69.50）分提高至97.00（92.75,99.25）分,差异均有统计学意义（t=25.87、17.08、3.35,Z=-2.53,P值均<0.05）。结论 股骨近端外展截骨结合DHS内固定术,通过矫正颈干角降低骨折端剪切力,可以有效治疗中青年患者股骨颈骨折不愈合;骨科机器人导航定位系统的应用有助于手术更精准地实施。     

Use of allograft in skeletally immature patients for calcaneal neck lengthening osteotomy

PURPOSE: To date, there have been no studies evaluating the usefulness of allograft as a substitute for autograft in calcaneal neck lengthening osteotomy. This retrospective study examined the results of calcaneal neck lengthening osteotomy using allograft for pathologic flatfoot deformity in children and adolescents with various neuromuscular diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 118 feet in 79 children treated surgically between Mar 2000 and July 2005 were reviewed. The mean age at the time of the operation was 9+3 years (range, 3-17 years) and follow-up averaged 15.4 months (range, 13-21 months) postoperatively. Talo-1st metatarsal angle, talo-calcaneal angle, calcaneal pitch were measured before and after operation and bony union was estimated. RESULTS: Bony union was noted at the latest follow-up and there were no postoperative complications such as reduction loss, infection, nonunion, delayed union or graft loss during the follow-up period in all but one foot. All radiographic indices were improved postoperatively in all cases. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that use of allograft in calcaneal neck lengthening osteotomy is a useful option for correction of the planovalgus deformity in skeletally immature patients whose enough autobone can not be obtained.     

非透视下确定顺行股骨髓内钉大转子进钉点的解剖观察及临床应用

目的 探讨非透视下确定顺行股骨髓内钉大转子进钉点的技术方法。方法 2007年12月—2008年6月选取10%甲醛溶液固定的成人髋部湿标本8具,男5例、女3例,观察股骨大转子解剖特征,标记大转子上臀中肌、梨状肌的附着情况,观察股骨大转子嵴拐点凹陷、髓腔中轴线与梨状窝的解剖关系。2010年1月—2012年12月对收治的44例股骨转子间及股骨干骨折患者进行前瞻性研究。其中男20例,女24例;年龄25～85岁,平均 (66.9± 15.7)岁。患者均行顺行髓内钉固定术,术中根据标本解剖中发现大转子嵴拐点凹陷和梨状窝的关系,非透视下通过手法触摸确定髓内钉开口位置。结果 尸体标本解剖研究发现,股骨大转子在与股骨颈结合部形成一个向外侧凸出类似“C”形的山嵴样结构。股骨大转子嵴呈后方高、前方平坦下降似斜坡样结构,中间凭借手指就可以感觉有一个类似拐点的凹陷切迹。臀中肌附着在大转子嵴的外侧部分,梨状肌腱附着在大转子嵴拐点切迹的内侧部分。梨状窝就是梨状肌附着点的骨质凹陷,梨状窝基本位于髓腔中轴线上、大转子嵴拐点凹陷的内侧。44例患者中,1例患者术中无法满意确定骨折近端髓腔朝向,开口过程中采用X线透视检查髓腔开口器的方向;43例均在非透视的情况下将髓内钉导针置入髓腔,髓内钉均置入良好。术后随访时间9～28个月,平均18.4个月;除1例股骨干骨折愈合迟缓,动力化后愈合外,其他患者均愈合良好;随访期间所有患者无髓内钉松动、股骨头切出等并发症。结论 在股骨干和股骨转子区骨折采用顺行髓内钉固定治疗术中,非透视下通过手法触摸,可以利用大转子嵴拐点凹陷切迹代替梨状窝参考定位,确定髓内钉开口位置,避免反复透视,降低辐射损害。     

扩髓髓内钉联合交叉韧带重建治疗股骨干骨折不愈合的临床研究

目的　观察扩髓髓内钉联合交叉韧带重建治疗膝关节不稳型（合并交叉韧带损伤）股骨干骨折不愈合的临床疗效。 方法　对10例合并交叉韧带损伤的股骨干骨折不愈合病例的临床研究,探讨分析膝关节稳定性对股骨干骨折愈合的影响,采用“原内固定取出+扩髓髓内钉重新固定股骨干+膝关节交叉韧带重建”的方法,治疗膝关节不稳型股骨干骨折不愈合。 结果　10例患者均得到随访,股骨干骨折愈合率100%,Tohner-Wrnch标准评定优,膝关节功能Lysholm评分优良率100% 。 结论　膝关节不稳是股骨干骨折不愈合的一个重要因素;对股骨干骨折的治疗必须考虑是否合并膝关节不稳;“原内固定取出+扩髓髓内钉重新固定股骨干+膝关节交叉韧带重建”的治疗方法对合并交叉韧带损伤的股骨干骨折不愈合的临床疗效确切。     

High tibial osteotomy with anterior advancement of distal fragment for medial and patellofemoral compartmental osteoarthritis of the knee

High tibial osteotomy was performed in 73 knees of 50 patients with medial and patellofemoral compartmental osteoarthritis of the knee, which was combined with anterior advancement of the distal fragment. At the operation, parapatellar release of the retinaculum and subperiosteal elevation of contracted medial soft tissue were also adjoined. The average age of the patients at the time of surgery was 64 years. The follow-up period was an average of 58 months. On overall clinical results assessed with the Knee Society score, the average total knee score was improved from preoperative 50 points to postoperative 94, and the preoperative average functional score of 47 points increased to 92 postoperatively. At follow-up, pain from a grinding patella was not found in 68 of 73 knees and pain from grinding and deviating of the patella was relieved in more than 96% of all cases. The mean femorotibial angle was reduced from preoperative 185 degrees to postoperative 167 degrees. On skyline view, the width of the lateral facet joint space was widely opened postoperatively, particularly on the flexion angle of 90 degrees. This operative procedure successfully relieved patellofemoral symptoms of the patients with medial and patellofemoral compartmental osteoarthritis of the knee.     

Regeneration of degenerated articular cartilage after high tibial valgus osteotomy for medial compartmental osteoarthritis of the knee

The aim of the current study was to document regeneration of the articular cartilage after correction of varus deformity for osteoarthritis of the knee. The repair of articular cartilage after high tibial valgus osteotomy for medial compartmental osteoarthritis was observed in 146 knees of 115 patients. The mean age of the patients at osteotomy was 65+/-7 years (range 47-80). Observations were made through an arthrotomy at the time of removal of the blade plate, an average of 2 years after the initial osteotomy. Regeneration of the degenerated cartilage was classified into three stages. There were no regenerative findings (Stage A) in 13 knees; partial regeneration with fibrocartilaginous tissue (Stage B) in the previous degenerated area (Stage B) in 86 knees; and total coverage by new regenerated fibrocartilage or hyaline-like cartilage (Stage C) in 47 knees. Mature regeneration (Stage C) was observed more frequently in the knees with increased width of the medial joint space after high tibial osteotomy than in those with unchanged width (P<0.01), and in the knees with more than 5 degrees of anatomical valgus angulation after osteotomy than in those with less than 5 degrees (P=0.05). Even the knees with eburnation of subchondral bone in the weight-bearing portion showed Stage C regeneration in 26 out of 80, in contrast with no regeneration in two knees with degenerated cartilage remaining. O'Driscoll's histological and histochemical grading score was higher in the Stage C group (P<0.02). The weight-bearing portion of the medial femoral condyle with exposed bone was concluded to be partially or entirely covered by newly regenerated cartilage after 1 year after adequate correction of varus deformity by high tibial osteotomy without antologous chondrocyte implantation.