GENETIC DELETION OF DETOXIFIC ENZYME GSTM1 AND GSTTI AS A HOST SUSCEPTIBLE FACTOR FOR NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA

Objective: To study the gene polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients and controls in an incidental area to evaluate the relationship between specific genotype and genotype combinations of these polymorphisms with the risk of NPC. Methods: Cases and controls all came from the Southwestern Guangxi. DNAs were extracted from their WBC. PCR technique was used to calculate the deletion rate of the two detoxific enzyme genes. Results: In this high risk area of NPC, the residents had high level deletion rates of 47.4% (64/135) Ml and T1 40.7% (55/135). The deletion rates were even higher in NPC patients, 61.5% (56/91) for Ml and 59.3% (54/91) for T1 respectively. There were statistical significances compared with control,P<0.05 andP<0.01 for Ml and T1 respectively. The difference was more significant in terms of combined Ml and T1 deletion between patients and controlsx ²=12.533,P=0.002. Conclusion: The combined deletion of detoxific enzyme genes GSTM1 and GSTT1 may be an important genetic susceptible factor for NPC in Guangxi. Biography: DENG Zhuo-lin (1929-), male, professor of pathology, Guangxi Medical University, majors in tumor pathology. E-mail :zhuolin@hotmail.com     

中国南方粤语方言地区汉族人群GSTM1、GSTT1基因多态性

背景与目的:了解谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶M1、T1(GSTM1、GSTT1)基因多态性在中国南方粤语方言地区健康人群中的分布规律,初步探讨其与人群某些疾病家族史之间的关系。材料与方法:根据研究目的在广东省新兴县和广东省广州市两个地区选择符合条件的健康人群606人作为研究对象。应用聚合酶链式反应-2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳的方法检测调查对象GSTM1、GSTT1基因型。结果:在调查人群中,GSTM1基因纯合缺失基因型GSTM1(-/-)的出现频率为56.8%(n=597);GSTT1基因纯合缺失基因型GSTT1(-/-)的出现频率为42.1%(n=579);两基因联合缺失的频率为22.8%(n=570)。结论:GSTM1与GSTT1基因之间在人群中分布相互独立,无连锁现象,GSTM1基因在两个不同地区来源人群中的分布有显著差异。GSTT1在人群中不同基因型的分布与研究人群中冠心病疾病家族史的发生之间显著关联,有冠心病家族史人群GSTT1缺失基因型的表达显著增加。     

GSTM1、GSTT1基因多态性与四川北部地区肺癌易感性关系的研究

目的:探讨谷胱苷肽硫转移酶M1(GSTM1)和T1(GSTT1)基因多态性与四川北部地区汉族人群肺癌易感性的关系。方法:采用病例对照研究和聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术检测四川北部地区肺癌病人125例和健康对照组125例中GSTM1(-)和GSTT1(-)的频率,评价两基因型及两基因的交互作用与肺癌易感性的关系。结果:GSTM1(-)在肺癌组和对照组分布频率分别为58.4%和56.8%,单因素回归分析未见统计学差异(OR=1.06,95%CI:0.639-1.757,P=0.822);GSTT1(-)在肺癌组和对照组分布频率分别为45.6%和44.8%,单因素回归分析未见统计学差异(OR=0.968,95%CI:0.588-1.593,P=0.899),GSTM1(-)和GSTT1(-)联合并未增加肺癌风险(OR=1.084,95%CI:0.536-2.192,P=0.823)。结论:GSTM1及GSTT1各基因型单独或联合作用都不是四川北部地区汉族人群肺癌的风险因素。     

GSTM1基因多态现象与原发性肝癌遗传易感性的关系研究

目的探讨谷胱甘肽Ｓ转移酶Ｍ１（ＧＳＴＭ１）基因多态现象与原发性肝癌遗传易感性的关系。方法应用多重ＰＣＲ方法检测５４例肝癌患者（病例组）和１３６例健康人（对照组）的ＧＳＴＭ１空白基因型。结果病例组ＧＳＴＭ１空白基因型频率为７０．３７％，对照组则为４５．５９％，两者非常显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１），但２组均不存在性别，年龄差异（Ｐ均〉０．０５）；ＯＲ值为２．８３（９５％ＣＩ值为１．４３－５．４２），ＥＦ     

GSTM1、GSTT1基因多态性和吸烟与膀胱癌关系的病例对照研究

目的:应用全人群为基础的病例对照研究探讨GSTM1、GSTT1基因多态性和吸烟与膀胱癌危险性的关系。方法:采用多重PCR方法对404例正常对照和414例膀胱癌病例的基因组DNA进行GSTM1和GSTT1基因分型,应用非条件logistic回归分析方法进行统计分析。结果:与携带GSTM1( )基因型者比,GSTM1(-)基因型的男、女性患膀胱癌危险性分别为1.66(95%CI:1.18～2.33)和1.08(95%CI:0.59～1.98)。同样携带GSTM1(-)基因型,吸烟者比不吸烟者患膀胱癌的危险性更加明显。与不吸烟且携带GSTM1( )基因型男性比,GSTM1(-)基因型的目前吸烟者的OR值为2.99(95%CI:1.56～5.74),而携带GSTM1(-)基因型同时吸烟年限≥40年者OR为4.33(95%CI:2.14～8.73)。尽管女性吸烟例数较少,但携带GSTM1(-)基因型的吸烟女性患膀胱癌危险性显著高于不吸烟的GSTM1( )基因型者,OR值为6.72(95%CI:1.69～26.80)。与不吸烟且携带GSTT1( )基因型男性相比,携带GSTT1(-)基因型的吸烟者患男性膀胱癌危险的OR值为1.38(95%CI:0.79～2.42)。携带GSTT1(-)基因型的吸烟女性患膀胱癌危险性是不吸烟的GSTT1( )基因型者的3.04倍(95%CI:0.77～12.01)。结论:GSTM1(-)基因型能显著增加男性患膀胱癌的风险,该基因型与吸烟可能有一定的联合作用。GSTT1基因型可能与上海市区男、女性膀胱癌无关。     

GSTM1基因多态性与鼻咽癌遗传易感性的关系研究

目的　探讨谷胱甘肽S转移酶M 1(GSTM 1)基因多态性与鼻咽癌 (NPC )遗传易感性的关系。方法　采用内参照PCR法检测 80例NPC患者的GSTM 1基因型。结果　NPC患者GSTM 1空白基因型频率为 60 .0 % ,对照组为 45 .0 % ,两者有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其OR =1.83 3 ( 95 %CI =1.0 46～ 3 .14 7) ;鳞癌的空白基因型频率为 60 .5 % ,明显高于腺癌的 5 0 .0 % (P <0 .0 1) ;吸烟者空白基因型个体患鼻咽癌的危险性显著增加 [OR =2 .813 ( 1.3 5 8～ 6.0 12 ) ,P <0 .0 1] ,而不吸烟者的危险性增加不明显 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　GSTM 1基因多态性与NPC患者的遗传易感性有关 ,与NPC的病理类型有关 ,吸烟者的GSTM 1空白基因型个体更易患NPC。     

肝细胞癌、鼻咽癌患者谷胱甘肽硫转移酶M1和T1基因型分布

目的 探讨高危区肝细胞癌和鼻咽癌患者谷胱甘肽硫转移酶M1 (GSTM1) 及T1 (GSTT1)基因多态性的分布。方法 应用PCR技术检测181例肝细胞癌、126例鼻咽癌患者和641例对照组人体GSTM1和GSTT1基因型。结果 GSTM1空白基因型(null)在肝癌组、鼻咽癌组与对照组频率分别为65.2%、61.9%和47.6%,病例组与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01)。GSTT1空白基因型(null)在肝癌组、鼻咽癌组与对照组频率分别为57.5%、62.7%和43.1%,病例组与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001)。结论 在肝细胞癌、鼻咽癌高发区解毒酶基因GSTM1和GSTT1呈多态性分布,二者的null基因型均增加患肝细胞癌、鼻咽癌的风险。     

CYP1A1、GSTM1基因多态性与肺癌易感性的研究

目的:探讨CYP1A1、GSTM1基因多态性与肺癌易感性之间的相关性。方法:利用RFLP-PCR(限制性片段长度多态性-聚合酶链反应)方法检测65例原发性肺癌和60例非肿瘤患者CYP1A1、GSTM1基因,再用NcoI及HinfI两种内切酶识别CYP1A1等位基因亚型。结果:1)肺癌组与对照组CYP1A1等位基因型Ile/Ile、Ile/Val、Val/Val的频率总体分布无显著性差异;但肺癌组CYP1A1(Val/Val)基因型频率(18.5%)明显高于对照组(8.3%),两组差异有显著性(P<0.05)。2)肺癌组GSTM1(-)基因型的频率(63.1%)明显高于对照组(45.0%),P<0.05。3)两种等位基因联合分析发现,与携带CYP1A1(Ile/Ile)/GSTM1(+)基因型的个体相比:CYP1A1(Ile/Ile)/GSTM1(-)以及CYP1A1(Ile/Val+Val/Val)/GSTM1(+)基因型个体患肺癌的风险度较高,OR分别为3.82(95.0%CI,1.27～11.45)和3.5(95.0%CI,1.18～10.41);而CYP1A1(Val/Val)/GSTM1(-)基因型个体患肺癌的风险度最高,OR为10.5(95.0%CI,1.70～64.73)。4)进一步分层分析发现,CYP1A1(Ile/Val+Val/Val)等位基因型主要增加鳞癌的危险性;而GSTM1基因型组织类型无明显的相关性。5)在分析吸烟对肺癌易感性的影响时发现,CYP1A1(Ile/Val+Val/Val)及GSTM1(-)等位基因型与吸烟有协同作用,并与至发病时的累积吸烟量有关。结论:CYP1A1(Val/Val     

上海“本地人”正常人群GSTT1和GSTM1基因型多态性研究

目的与方法：以聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）技术对上海“本地人”正常人群ＧＳＴＴ１和ＧＳＴＭ１基因型多态性进行了研究。结果：上海“本地人”正常人群中ＧＳＴＴ１纯合缺损基因型和ＧＳＴＭ１纯合缺损基因型的比率分别为４８.53%和５４.40%，与上海市区正常人群中两种基因型的分布比率（分别为４９.32%和４８.86%)没有显著差别。ＧＳＴＴ１－ＧＳＴＭ１综合基因型４种状态在两个人群中的分布频率也没有显著差别。结论：ＧＳＴＴ１和ＧＳＴＭ１基因型多态性在同为上海地区居民的上海“本地人”正常人群和上海市区正常人群中呈均一分布。     

GSTT1和GSTM1基因缺失多态与胃癌易感性

目的　探讨与致癌物解毒有关的谷胱甘肽转硫酶 (GST) T1和 M1基因遗传缺失多态与胃癌易感性的关系。方法　采用病例对照分子流行病学研究方法 ,以 PCR技术对福建省福州市 92例胃癌病例和 92例正常对照者的 GSTT1和 GSTM1基因型进行检测。结果　 GSTT1基因在胃癌病例和对照组中的缺失率分别为 5 3.3%和41.3% ,差异无显著性 (x2 =2 .6 4,P=0 .10 4)。而 GSTM1基因在胃癌病例和对照组中的缺失率分别为 6 9.6 %和5 2 .2 % ,差异具有显著性 (x2 =5 .84,P=0 .0 15 7)。携带 GSTM1(- )基因型者发生胃癌的危险性是携带 GSTM1( )基因型者的 2 .1倍 (OR=2 .10 ,95 % CI=1.10～ 4.0 1)。联合分析表明 ,GSTT1和 GSTM1基因之间可能存在联合作用 ,携带 GSTT1(- )和 GSTM1(- )基因型者发生胃癌的危险性高于携带 GSTT1( )和 GSTM1( )基因型者 (OR=4.6 7,95 % CI=1.5 5～ 14.41)。结论　 GSTM1基因缺失可能是胃癌发病的危险性因素之一     

GENETIC DELETION OF DETOXIFIC ENZYME GSTM1 AND GSTT1 AS A HOST SUSCEPTIBLE FACTOR FOR NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA

Nasopharyngealcarcinoma(NPC)israreinmostofthecountriesthroughouttheworld.ButitiscommoninChina.Especially,itisoneofthemostcommoncancersinSouthernChina,suggestingtheexistenceoffactorsforsusceptibilityoftheinhabitant.ThepathogenesisisnotmaincausativeagentbecausemostofthepatientshavehightitresofantibodytoEBV,EBV-DNAhasbeendetectedinthecancercellsofNPC,andLMP1ofEBVhasbeenidentifiedasaoncogenousprotein[1,2].Butthereisnoanswerabouthowaworldwidedistributiveviruscancausealocalizablecancerofhi…     

GSTM1、GSTT1基因多态性与家族聚集性肝癌的遗传易感性研究

目的探讨GSTM1、GSTT1基因多态性与家族聚集性肝癌遗传易感性的关系。方法应用PCR技术检测GSTM1、GSTF1在家族聚集性肝癌和肝癌高发家系的基因表型。结果家族聚集性肝癌组GSTM1（-）、GSTT1（-）基因型频率分别为68．8％、47．5％,显著高于非家族聚集性肝癌组（54．6％、30．8％）和对照肝组织组（53．3％、25．3％）（P〈0．05）;随着家族中患肝癌病例数的增加,GSTM1（-）、GSTT1（-）基因型的频率逐渐升高,肝癌高发家系组GSTM1（-）、GSTT1（-）基因型频率分别为68．1％和44．9％,显著高于对照家系组（47．5％、25．0％）（P〈0．05）。若将GSTM1（-）T1（-）基因型视为危险暴露因素．．家族聚集性肝癌组GSTM1（＋）T1（＋）和GSTM1（＋）T1（-）／GSTM1（-）T1（＋）基因型频率均显著低于非家族聚集性肝癌组和对照肝组织组（P〈0．01）。结论GSTMI、GSTF1遗传多态性与家族聚集性肝癌的遗传易感性有关,GSTM1（-）、GSTT1（-）基因型可能是肝癌家族成员的危险暴露因素。     

原发性肺癌GSTM1基因多态性与化疗效果关系的研究靠

背景与目的GSTM1参与环境污染物如苯丙芘和其它多环芳烃及抗癌药等的代谢,其多态性是否会影响肺癌患者的化疗效果及预后,国内相关研究比较少,本研究旨在揭示GSTM1多态性是否与化学药物治疗的敏感性有关以及对患者预后的影响。方法采用聚合酶链反应技术,检测接受化学药物治疗的137例原发性肺癌患者GSTM1基因型频率分布情况。结果137例肺癌患者GSTM1缺陷型频率为58.4%(80/ 137),功能型频率为41.6%(57/137);化疗有效组GSTM1缺陷型频率为69.05%(58/84),化疗无效组GSTM1缺陷型频率为41.51%(22/53),二者有统计学差异(P=0.001)。采用铂类化疗方案的患者,化疗有效组GSTM1缺陷型频率为65.43%(53/81),化疗无效组GSTM1缺陷型频率为42%(21/50),二者有统计学差异(P= 0.0025)。对于进展期患者化疗有效组GSTM1缺陷型频率为70.13%(54/77),化疗无效组GSTM1缺陷型频率为41.51%(22/53),二者有统计学差异(P=0.001)。当化疗有效时携带GSTM1功能型的鳞癌、小细胞癌患者生存时间(中位生存期分别为42个月和14个月)比携带GSTM1缺陷型的鳞癌、小细胞癌患者长(中位生存期分别为6个月和7个月)(P<0.05);而腺癌患者,携带GSTM1功能型和缺陷型的生存时间(中位生存期分别为13个月和11个月)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对于化疗无效的患者,不论GSTM1为何种基因型、病理分型如何,患者中位生存期均比较接近,生存时间没有统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论GSTM1缺陷型的患者接受化学药物治疗的效果比GSTM1功能型的患者好;采用铂类化疗方案时GSTM1缺陷型的患者化疗效果比GSTM1功能型的患者好。当化疗有效时,患者生存时间与病理分型、GSTM1基因型相关。     

广西扶绥县肝癌高发家系谷胱甘肽转硫酶GSTM1和GSTT1基因多态性的研究

目的探讨广西扶绥县肝癌高发区壮族人群谷胱甘肽转硫酶GSTM1和GSTT1的基因多态性在肝癌家族聚集性中的作用,以及一级亲属与先证者之间HCC易感性的关系。方法采用病例一对照研究方法,收集21个广西扶绥县壮族肝癌家系76例,以及该地区21个对照家系68例,采用多重PCR技术和凝胶成像分析方法,对入选者GSTM1和GSTT1基因型进行检测,用ELISA法检测HBsAg,并将实验结果与临床资料相结合,进行统计学分析。结果（1）GSTM1基因空白型在肝癌家系组、对照家系组之间的频率分别为67．1％和36．8％（P=0．000）;GSTT1基因空白型在肝癌家系组、对照家系组之间的频率分别为40．8％和19．1％（P=-0．005）;GSTM1和GSTT1基因同时缺失在肝癌家系组、对照家系组的频率分别为31．6％和2．9％（P=0．000）。②将GSTM1及GSTT1基因同时表达型为基准计算两基因联合作用的危险度,GSTM1基因缺失GSTT1基因表达型、GSTM1基因表达GSTT1基因缺失型、GSTM1基因及GSTT1基因联合缺失型的OR值分别为0．102、0．210和3．092。（3）GSTM1基因空白型在先证者与其直系亲属之间的频率分别为71．4％和65．5％（P=0．620）,GSTT1基因空白型在先证者与其直系亲属之间的频率分别为47．6％和38．2％（P=0．454）。GSTM1和GSTT1基因同时缺失在先证者与其直系亲属之间的频率分别为33．3％和30．9％（P=-0．839）,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论（1）GSTM1和GSTT1基因的多态性与肝癌家族聚集性相关;（2）GSTM1和GSTT1基因联合缺失与HCC的发生呈显著正相关,且两基因可能具有协同作用;③直系亲属与先证者HCC发生率无差别。     

Frequency and Association Of GSTM1 and GSTT1 Gene Polymorphisms with Survival in Breast Cancer Patients

Objective: Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 (GSTM1 and GSTT1) are the key detoxification enzymes of xenobiotics, including chemotherapeutic drugs. The deletion polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes are associated with reduced enzyme activity that influenced clinical outcomes of chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer. However, there is limited information among Thai patients. This research aims to explore the frequency and role of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms on survival among Thai patients with breast cancer. Methods: The retrospective cohort study was performed. Demographic data and clinicopathology characteristics were collected from hospital base registry data and medical records. A multiplex qualitative real-time PCR method was used to detect the presence or absence of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene in the genomic DNA samples of the participants. Results: The frequencies of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes in 198 breast cancer patients were 65.70% and 33.30%, respectively. The overall survival at 1, 3 and 5 years were 95.00%, 83.00%, 71.00% respectively. The log rank test and Cox proportional hazards revealed a significant different in the 5-years overall survival according to lymph node metastasis and tumor stage (P = 0.014 and P < 0.001). No associations between overall survival and GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotype were found in single or combined genotypes analyses (P = 0.76 and P= 0.15). Conclusion: The results of our study provided the epidemiological information for prognostic of survival in breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy.     

Relationship Between GSTT1 Gene Polymorphism and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients from China

Objective: The results from studies on associations of the glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) genepolymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in Chinese populations are still conflicting. This metaanalysiswas performed to evaluate the relationship in detail. Methods: Eligible reports were recruited into thismeta-analysis from the databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and CBM-disc (China BiologicalMedicine Database). Results were expressed with odds ratios (OR) for dichotomous data, and 95% confidenceintervals (CI) were also calculated. Results: Eighteen investigations were identified for the analysis of associationbetween polymorphic deletion of GSTT1 and HCC, consisting of 2,693 patients with HCC and 4,696 controls.Null genotype of GSTT1 was associated with HCC susceptibility in Chinese (OR=1.53, 95%CI: 1.28-1.82;P﹤0.00001). Conclusion: The GSTT1 null genotype is associated with HCC susceptibility in Chinese.     

ＧＳＴＭ１基因多态性与川北地区肺癌易感性关系的研究

目的　探讨谷胱苷肽硫转移酶Ｍ１（ＧＳＴＭ１）基因多态性与川北地区汉族人群肺癌易感性的关系。方法　采用病例对照研究和聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）技术检测川北地区１２５例肺癌患者（肺癌组）和１２５例非肿瘤患者（对照组）ＧＳＴＭ１基因缺失型的频率,评价其与肺癌易感性的关系。结果　ＧＳＴＭ１缺失基因型［ＧＳＴＭ１（－）］频率在肺癌组和对照组分别为５８.４％和５６.８％,差异无统计学意义（Ｐ＝０.８２２）;ＧＳＴＭ１（－）基因型与肺鳞癌（ＯＲ＝０.９７,９５％ＣＩ：０.５２～１.８３,Ｐ＝０.９３４）和腺癌（ＯＲ＝０.９４,９５％ＣＩ：０.４２～２.０４,Ｐ＝０.８４４）风险亦无明确关系。结论　ＧＳＴＭ１各基因型与肺癌风险无明确关系。     

谷胱苷肽S转硫酶T1、M1和P1基因多态性与结直肠癌易感性的关系

目的研究谷胱苷肽S转硫酶T1、M1和P1(GSTT1、GSTM1和GSTP1)多态性与结直肠癌易感性的关系。方法在江苏省进行了1个病例—对照研究(结直肠癌患者315例,人群对照439例),调查研究对象的生活习惯,抽取静脉血,提取白细胞DNA,以多重PCR技术检测GSTT1和GSTM1基因缺失,PCR-RFLP技术检测GSTP1基因单核苷酸多态(第104密码子A→G)。结果①在结直肠癌组和正常组GSTT1和GSTM1基因缺失频率分别为55.24%、57.31%和72.70%、73.29%、差异无显著性。②在结直肠癌组GSTP1 A/A、A/G和G/G基因型分布频度分别为57.51%、36.74%和5.75%;对照组分别为63.70%、31.05%和5.25%,2组之间差异无显著性(χ2 MH=2.993,P=0.224)。与GSTP1 A/A基因型携带者相比,G/G基因型者发生结直肠癌的危险性无显著升高,其性别、年龄、吸烟、饮酒习惯调整后的OR为1.09(95%CI:0.79~1.51)。结论GSTT1、GSTM1基因缺失型和GSTP1 G/G基因型与结直肠癌的易感性无显著相关。     

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTT1 and GSTM1) genes polymorphisms and the treatment response and prognosis in Chinese patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia

We investigated the prognostic significance of genetic polymorphism for glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) and glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) in 254 Chinese patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) other than AML-M3. The early death rate after the initiation of chemotherapy was similar between the GSTT1+/GSTM1+ group and GSTT1−/GSTM1− group. The complete remission (CR) rate was higher in GSTM1+ group than in GSTM1− group (OR = 1.88; P = 0.03) after the first course of chemotherapy, and was higher in GSTT1+ group than in GSTT1− group (OR = 2.20; P = 0.02) after the second course of chemotherapy. Overall survival and disease-free survival of CR patients in GSTT1 and GSTM1 double present group was better than in GSTT1- and/or GSTM1-group (P = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively). Our preliminary results warrant testing of a larger number of patients.