舒芬太尼或芬太尼联合利多卡因对全麻气管插管时血流动力学的影响

目的:观察舒芬太尼或芬太尼与利多卡因联合用于全麻诱导插管时对血流动力学的影响。方法:择期全麻手术病例60例,按诱导药物不同平均分为利多卡因组(Ⅰ组)、芬太尼联合利多卡因组(Ⅱ组)、舒芬太尼合用利多卡因组(Ⅲ组)3组。分别记录诱导前(T0)、插管前(T1),插管后即刻(T2),插管后1min(T3)、3min(T4)、5min(T5)各时点的舒张压(SBP)、收缩压(DBP)、心率(HR)。结果:诱导后T1时点3组SBP、DBP、HR显著低于T0(P<0.05或P<0.01);插管后Ⅲ组SBP、DBP、HR与T0比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),在T2、T3、T4、T5时SBP、DBP及HR在T2、T3时均显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.01或P<0.05),在T2、T3时SBP、DBP、HR明显低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05);Ⅱ组在T2、T3与T0比较SBP、DBP明显升高(P<0.05),HR在T4、T5时与T0比明显下降(P<0.05),与Ⅰ组比较SBP、DBP、HR低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅰ组SBP、DBP、HR明显高于T0时点(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:舒芬太尼或芬太尼与利多卡因联合能较好地抑制气管插管时的应激反应,舒芬太尼在维持血流动力学方面更有优势。     

护理干预对高血压患者无痛肠镜检查的影响

目的:探讨护理干预对高血压患者无痛肠镜检查的影响及临床效果。方法:将2010年8月~2011年8月收治的80例高血压患者作为对照组,未实施护理干预,按常规进行肠道准备;将2011年9月~2012年5月收治的80例高血压患者作为干预组,在对照组基础上实行服药及心理干预。比较两组不同时点SBP、DBP、HR、SpO2及不良反应情况。结果:干预组SBP、DBP、HR在实施护理麻醉前(T1)、入镜后2 min(T2)时点与日常血压(T0)比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);对照组SBP、DBP、HR在T1与T0、T2与T0时比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组SBP、DBP、HR在T1、T2时比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:在肠镜检查前实施有效的护理干预,利于高血压患者血压稳定,便于顺利检查,从而减少不良反应。     

舒芬太尼或芬太尼联合利多卡因对全麻气管插管时血流动力学的影响

目的 观察舒芬太尼、芬太尼与利多卡因联合用于全麻诱导插管期对血流动力学的影响。方法 择期全麻手术病例60例，按诱导药物不同随机平均分为三组：利多卡因组（Ⅰ组）、芬太尼合用利多卡因组（Ⅱ组）、舒芬太尼合用利多卡因组（Ⅲ组）。分别记录诱导前（T0）、插管前（T1）、插管后即刻 (T2)、插管后1 min（T3）、3 min(T4) 、5min(T5)各时点的SBP、DBP、HR。结果 诱导后T1时点三组SBP、DBP、HR显著低于T0（P<0.05或P<0.01）；插管后Ⅲ组SBP、DBP、HR与T0比较无显著差异（P>0.05）,与Ⅰ组相比在T2、T3、T4、T5时SBP、DBP及HR在T2、T3时均显著低于Ⅰ组（P<0.01或P<0.05），在T2、T3时SBP、DBP、HR明显低于Ⅱ组（P<0.05）；Ⅱ组在T2、T3与T0比较SBP、DBP明显升高（P<0.05），HR在T4、T5时与T0比明显下降（P<0.05），与Ⅰ组比较SBP、DBP、HR低于Ⅰ组（P<0.05）；Ⅰ组SBP、DBP、HR明显高于T0时点（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论 舒芬太尼、芬太尼与利多卡因联合能较好地抑制气管插管时的应激反应，舒芬太尼在维持血流动力学方面更有优势。     

复方利多卡因乳膏在儿童喉罩麻醉中的应用

【目的】观察复方利多卡因乳膏涂抹喉罩表面在儿童手术中抑制心血管不良反应及减少术后喉痉挛的效果。【方法】选择行择期手术的患儿100例,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,随机分为复方利多卡因乳膏喉罩组（A组）和石蜡油喉罩组（B组）。记录两组麻醉诱导前（T0）、喉罩置入前（T1）、喉罩置入即刻（T2）及喉罩置入后3min（T3）患儿的收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心率（HR）及术后拔喉罩时喉痉挛的发生率。【结果】与T1比,A组在T2、T3患儿的SBP、DBP和HR变化无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;B组上述指标明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。组间比较A组在T2、T3上述指标均低于B组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。A组术后拔喉罩时喉痉挛的发生率低于B组（P〈0．05）。【结论】复方利多卡因乳膏能有效抑制喉罩全麻患儿心血管不良反应及术后拔喉罩时喉痉挛的发生,值得临床推广应用。     

乳腺癌根治术应用连续胸椎旁神经阻滞复合全身麻醉对患者外周血应激反应指标的影响分析

目的 探讨乳腺癌根治术应用连续胸椎旁神经阻滞复合全身麻醉对患者外周血应激反应指标的影响。方法回顾性分析2020年6月至2022年6月于我院行乳腺癌根治术的82例患者的临床资料,依据术中麻醉方式不同分为对照组40例和观察组42例,对照组采取常规全身麻醉,观察组采取连续胸椎旁神经阻滞复合全身麻醉。比较两组患者麻醉前(T0)、插管时(T1)、切皮时(T2)、手术结束时(T3)时的生命体征[收缩压(DBP)、舒张压(SBP)、心率(HR)]差异;比较两组患者镇痛药物舒芬太尼使用量及术后恢复情况（苏醒时间、恢复进食的时间）。对比两组患者术前及术后1 h时外周血应激反应指标[肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、皮质醇(COR)]变化情况。结果 两组患者术后1 h时的各应激反应指标均升高,但观察组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组DBP、SBP、HR波动幅度均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者T1、T2时的DBP、SBP、HR均较T0时升高,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其余时间段两组DBP、SBP、HR对比差异均无...     

麻醉诱导后不同剂量利多卡因气管内喷注对气管插管心血管应激反应的影响

目的分析麻醉诱导后气管内喷注不同剂量利多卡因对气管插管时心血管应激反应的影响。方法将接受全身麻醉手术治疗的75例患者随机分为A、B及C三组,每组25例。其中A组麻醉诱导后不喷注利多卡因,B组麻醉诱导后喷注2%利多卡因1 ml,C组麻醉诱导后喷2%注利多卡因3 ml。对比三组气管插管过程中心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及肾上腺素浓度(COR)变化情况。结果三组治疗前后各时间点HR、SBP、DBP及COR比较,均呈降低后升高再降低趋势;而诱导前及诱导后3 min三组HR、SBP、DBP及COR比较,差异未见统计学意义(P0.05),插管后3 min、6 min,HR、SBP、DBP、COR A组最高,C组最低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在麻醉诱导后气管内喷注2%注利多卡因3 ml可有效的降低气管插管时的心血管应激反应。     

Neuman系统模式下时效性激励干预对甲状腺消融术患者的影响

目的:探讨Neuman系统模式下时效性激励干预对甲状腺消融术患者的影响。方法:将100例甲状腺消融术患者随机分为对照组和研究组各50例,对照组实施常规护理,研究组在此基础上实施Neuman系统模式下时效性激励干预,比较两组干预效果。结果:术后1 d,两组患者医院应激量表评分低于入院时(P0.05),研究组评分低于对照组(P0.05);术后1 d,两组患者Herth希望量表(HHI)评分高于入院时(P0.05),研究组评分高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者入院时心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术前1 h、术后3 h时研究组HR、SBP、DBP低于对照组(P0.05);研究组患者出院时护理工作满意度评分高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:Neuman系统模式下时效性激励干预有利于减轻甲状腺消融术患者心理、生理应激反应,提升患者希望水平和护理工作满意度。     

舒芬太尼和芬太尼对高血压病人气管插管应激反应的影响

目的评价舒芬太尼和芬太尼对高血压患者气管插管应激反应的影响,比较其气管插管期间血流动力学和血浆儿茶酚胺水平的变化。方法 60例择期全身麻醉手术的原发性高血压患者,随机分为舒芬太尼组(SF组)和芬太尼组(F组),分别于麻醉诱导前(T0)、气管插管前(T1)、气管插管即刻(T2)、气管插管后3 min(T3)记录收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR),并于各时点采静脉血检测血浆去甲肾上腺素(NE)和肾上腺素(E)水平。结果两组患者年龄、体重、性别比、血压比较差异无统计学意义(P(0.05);用药后两组患者SBP、DBP、HR均明显降低(P(0.05),气管插管时和气管插管后SF组DBP、HR变化幅度较小,明显低于F组,差异有统计学意义(P(0.05);两组患者各时点NE的变化差异无统计学意义(P(0.05),气管插管即刻和气管插管后F组E水平明显升高(P(0.05),并且与SF组比较差异有统计学意义(P(0.05)。结论舒芬太尼比芬太尼能更有效地抑制高血压病人气管插管的应激反应,维持血液动力学稳定,抑制血浆儿茶酚胺释放,对提高全麻诱导和气管插管期间的安全性有重要临床意义。     

国产明视插管软镜对经口气管插管血流动力学和应激反应的影响*

目的观察国产明视插管软镜对全身麻醉诱导患者经口气管插管时血流动力学和应激反应的影响。方法 60例美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级择期手术患者,采用随机数字表法分为国产明视插管软镜组(V组)和Macintosh直接喉镜组(M组),每组30例。分别应用国产明视插管软镜(V组)和Macintosh直接喉镜(M组)施行经口气管插管。观察记录两组患者声门暴露时间和气管插管时间,记录两组麻醉诱导前(T1)、麻醉诱导后(T2)、声门暴露时(T3)、气管插管后1 min(T4)、3 min(T5)、5 min(T6)时收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)和Narcotrend指数(NI),在T1、T4、T6时采集患者静脉血检测肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、血浆皮质醇(CORT)的浓度。结果两组患者声门暴露时间和气管插管时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与T1时比较,T2时两组患者SBP、DBP均明显降低(P0.05),HR无明显变化(P0.05)。与T2时比较,V组T3时SBP、DBP、HR均无明显变化(P0.05),T4~T6时SBP、DBP和HR明显升高(P0.05),M组T3~T6时SBP、DBP和HR明显升高(P0.05),且明显高于V组(P0.05)。与T1时比较,T4时两组患者血浆E、NE、CORT浓度明显升高(P0.05);T4、T6时M组血浆E、NE、CORT浓度明显高于V组(P0.05)。各时间点两组间NI比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与Macintosh直接喉镜相比较,采用国产明视插管软镜经口气管插管应激反应较轻,患者血流动力学更稳定。     

复方利多卡因乳膏对心脏手术全麻气管插管血流动力学稳定性的影响

目的 观察复方利多卡因乳膏应用于心脏手术全麻气管插管时对血流动力学的影响.方法 选择美国麻醉医师协会病情分级Ⅱ～Ⅲ级择期行心脏手术者80例,按气管插管导管前端用药的不同,随机分为空白对照组、液状石蜡组、复方利多卡因乳膏组和混合处理组(使用复方利多卡因乳膏及液状石蜡混合剂),每组20例.予咪达唑仑、顺式苯阿曲库胺、依托咪酯、芬太尼诱导麻醉,后行气管内插管,分别记录诱导前(T0)、意识消失(T1)、插管即刻(T2)及插管后1 min(T3)、3 min(T4)、5 min(T5)和10 min(T6)时患者的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率、心输出量(CO)和心脏指数(CI).结果 4组T0时间点MAP、心率、CO及CI比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与T0时间点比较,4组在T1时间点MAP、心率、CO及CI均降低,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),4组间比较差异亦无统计学意义(P＞0.05).空白对照组、液状石蜡组在T2、T3和T4时间点心率、MAP、CO和CI较T0、T1、T5、T6时间点显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),尤以T3时间点变化最显著(P＜0.01);复方利多卡因乳膏组和混合处理组各时间点MAP、心率、CO及CI组内和组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);复方利多卡因乳膏组、混合处理组在T2、T3和T4时间点各指标较空白对照组、液状石蜡组显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 复方利多卡因乳膏可有效抑制心脏手术气管插管应激反应,维护麻醉诱导期间血流动力学的稳定.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.