无症状成人不同曲度颈椎矢状面参数相关性分析

目的探讨无症状成人不同曲度颈椎矢状面参数相关性。方法分析180例无症状成人颈椎DR正、侧位片影像学资料,根据Borden测量法将体检者分为前凸组(120例)和非前凸组(60例)。比较矢状面各参数:C_0～C_2 Cobb角、C_2～C_7 Cobb角、T1倾斜角(TS)、胸廓入口角(TIA)、C_2～C_7椎体矢状面垂直距离(C_2～C_7 SVA)。采用Pearson相关系数分析颈椎矢状面各参数的相关性。结果 C_2～C_7 Cobb角、TS两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P 0.01)。分析颈椎矢状面各参数的相关性:①前凸组:C_0～C_2 Cobb角与C2～C7Cobb角呈负相关,与C_2～C_7 SVA呈正相关; C_2～C_7Cobb角、TIA均与TS呈正相关; TIA、TS均与C_2～C_7 SVA呈负相关。②非前凸组:TIA与TS、C0～C2Cobb角与C2～C7SVA呈正相关; C_2～C_7 Cobb角与C_2～C_7 SVA呈负相关。结论无症状成人不同曲度颈椎矢状面参数相关性不同,提示不同曲度颈椎序列代偿机制可能不同,对于非前凸型成人,建议进行C_2～C_7 Cobb角、TS、TIA测量后综合评估以制定更合适的治疗方案。     

不同颈椎矢状位参数测量颈椎前凸曲度的比较分析

目的 比较不同颈椎矢状位参数测量颈椎前凸曲度的差异性及相关性。方法 回顾性分析104例颈部不适患者,通过测量侧位片颈椎矢状位参数,包括改良的Cobb方法(modified Cobb method, mCM)、Jackson生理应力线(Jackson physiological stress lines, JPS)、Harrison后切线方法(Harrison’s posterior tangent method, HPT)、Ishihara指数(cervical curvature index, CCI)及Borden法(Borden method, BM),分别从性别、年龄段、不同矢状面形态方面分析差异性,并分析不同矢状位参数之间的相关性。结果 不同性别、不同矢状面形态的矢状位参数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同年龄段的矢状位参数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同颈椎前凸曲度的矢状位参数均存在显著相关性(P<0.01),其中HPT与JPS相关性最高(r=0.931)。结论 颈椎前凸曲度与性别有关,而与年龄段无关;颈椎矢状位参数测量能反映不同矢状面形态,不...     

颈椎矢状位平衡参数的研究进展

生理上直立脊柱的矢状位平衡能够以最小的能量消耗维持椎体间对齐,颈椎功能紊乱及颈椎终板负荷过重会出现颈椎疾病。近年来研究中衡量颈椎矢状位平衡常用的参数包括:颈椎前凸、胸1倾斜角、颈椎矢状位轴向距离、脊柱-颅角、颈部斜率、胸廓入口角以及胸1倾斜角减颈椎前凸。各参数间存在相互关联:胸廓入口角近似等于颈部斜率与胸1倾斜角之和,胸1倾斜角、颈椎前凸分别与脊柱-颅角呈负相关;颈椎前凸、颈椎矢状位轴向距离分别与胸1倾斜角呈正相关。另外,有研究发现,腰椎前凸减胸椎后凸(LL-TK)是颈椎曲度(CC)的独立影响因子,二者存在如下关系:CC=10-(LL-TK)/2。通过测量术后颈椎矢状位参数的改变,可以评估颈椎前路椎间盘切除融合术的预后,目前常用的影像学参数包括颈椎前凸,颈椎矢状位轴向距离及胸1倾斜角;无症状人群颈椎参数不仅与年龄、性别相关,可能还与种族相关,此外,体位变化也会对部分颈椎参数产生影响;最近的研究强调了对脊柱排列进行更全面评估的重要性,胸1指数与第2颈椎-骨盆倾斜角可以反映颈椎与脊柱整体的关系;理解胸腰椎区域和全脊柱排列对颈椎畸形的影响,以及矫形手术方案的标准化设计将成为未来研究的重点。     

脊髓型颈椎病颈椎曲度与矢状面参数间相关性分析

背景:脊髓型颈椎病会导致颈椎矢状位参数的改变,造成严重的临床症状。由于颈椎的灵活性,仅通过某一颈椎矢状面参数测量的结果不一定具有说服力。目的:探讨脊髓型颈椎病患者的C2-C7 Cobb角与颈椎矢状面参数的相关性以及责任椎间隙高度、椎间成角与颈椎曲度的相关性。方法:收集75例脊髓型颈椎病患者的临床资料进行回顾性病例对照研究,男38例,女37例,年龄60~67岁,平均(64.2±2.1)岁。根据C2-C7 Cobb角测量数据分为两组。评价影像学结果,Jackson应力切线法测量的颈椎生理曲度、颈部倾斜、T1斜度、胸廓入口角、C2-C7矢状面垂直轴、C7斜度、责任椎间隙的活动度、高度和角度。结果:在颈椎矢状面参数中,除胸廓入口角与C2-C7 Cobb角无相关性,其他参数和C2-C7 Cobb角之间均有一定的相关性,其中T1斜度与C2-C7 Cobb角的相关性最强。C4/5、C5/6、C6/7节段的椎间隙高度和椎间成角与C2-C7 Cobb角显著相关。但在C3/4节段,只有椎间成角随C2-C7 Cobb角的增大而增大。结论:颈椎矢状面各参数是衡量颈椎间盘退行性改变的重要参考数据,颈椎椎间高度和椎间成角均影响颈椎曲度的变化。对于脊髓型颈椎病患者,在评估颈椎正常弯曲度时,除胸廓入口角,其他颈椎矢状面参数与C2-C7 Cobb角相当;但椎间成角比椎间高度更有意义。     

颈椎矢状位骨折的临床分析

<正>颈椎矢状位骨折是一种非常少见的颈椎损伤类型。但是,该类损伤往往导致严重神经损伤四肢瘫痪,病死率亦较高[1～3]。笔者自2002年6月～2008年10月收治颈椎矢状位骨折8例,现报告如下。     

脊柱矢状曲度的测量及临床意义

在正常生理状态下,脊柱在矢状面呈一"S"形,上承头颅,下连骨盆,有颈、胸、腰、骶4个生理弯曲,不但扩大了躯干重心基底的面积,而且加强了直立姿势的稳定性,具有缓冲震荡和力学传导的作用,是维持脊柱平衡的重要因素.脊柱矢状位形态对维持正常脊柱的功能尤为关键,要评估脊柱矢状位的形态,测量其矢状曲度则显得至关重要.目前,关于脊柱矢状曲度的测量方法较多,但可行性和可靠性不一,在临床上指导疾病的诊断和治疗方面也缺乏相应的联系.     

Lenke 5型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者后路矫形术后颈椎矢状位曲度的改变

目的 :分析Lenke 5型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者颈椎矢状位曲度(CSA)在后路矫形术后改变的特点。方法:回顾性分析2011年7月～2017年7月解放军总医院脊柱外科收治的43例Lenke 5型AIS患者的临床资料。在术前、术后及末次随访时的X线片上测量颈椎前凸角(CL)、胸椎后凸角(TK)、胸腰段后凸角(TLK)、腰椎前凸角(LL)、融合节段内腰椎前凸角(LIF)、C7矢状位垂直距离(SVA)。同时统计患者的基本资料,包括性别、年龄、Risser征、随访时间、融合节段椎体数目(NVF)及术前胸腰段/腰弯(TL/L Curve,TL/L C)。依据患者术前CSA分为颈椎前凸组(L组,术前CL0°)、颈椎后凸组(K组,术前CL≥0°);依据患者末次随访时CSA较术前的改变分为颈椎前凸增加组(I组)与颈椎前凸减少组(D组)。使用t检验分析L组与K组、I组与D组对应参数的差异性,使用LSD-t检验分析各组内术前、术后、末次随访时参数的差异。使用Pearson相关性检验分析CL与I组和D组各参数的相关性。检验水准为双侧α=0.05。结果:43例患者中男10例,女33例;年龄15.90±4.98岁,随访时间22.84±14.10个月。L组15例,K组17例;I组26例,D组17例。L组与K组、I组与D组的基本资料无显著性差异。所有患者末次随访时TK较术前增加(P=0.000);术后TLK与术前比较有显著性差异(P=0.000);CL在术前、术后及末次随访时无统计学差异。L组与K组术前CL(P=0.000)、LIF(P=0.029)、SVA(P=0.003)差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。K组末次随访时CL较术前改善(P=0.025),TK较术前增加(P=0.000);术后TLK较术前减小(P=0.002)并维持至末次随访(P=0.002)。I组与D组术前LL(P=0.043)、CL(P=0.009)有显著性差异(P0.05)。I组末次随访时CL较术前改善(P=0.008),TK较术前(P=0.000)及术后(P=0.001)增加;术后TLK较术前减小(P=0.005)并维持到末次随访时(P=0.006)。D组术后LL较术前增加(P=0.011)并维持到末次随访(P=0.001)。I组术前CL与TK、SVA有相关性;D组CL术前与LL、SVA,术后与TLK、SVA,末次随访时与TLK有相关性。结论:术前颈椎后凸的患者较颈椎前凸的患者在术后CSA的改善更为明显;随访中TK增加、术后TLK改善可能有助于CSA的改善;术后只有LL增加而无TK、TLK的改变则可能不会引起CSA改善。     

上颈椎术后颈椎矢状位参数变化及影响因素

目的:分析寰枢椎脱位患者上颈椎术后颈椎矢状位参数变化及影响因素。方法:对2011年3月至2022年7月行上颈椎手术的15例寰枢椎脱位患者进行回顾性分析,统计所有患者的基本信息及术前与末次随访的矢状位参数,包括枕颈角(C0-C2 Cobb角)、下颈椎曲度(C2-C7 Cobb角)、T1倾斜角、颈椎矢状面轴向垂直距离(C2-C7 SVA),并进行统计学分析。结果:末次随访时患者的C2-C7 Cobb角为15.18°±12.41°,小于术前的24.30°±15.57°;末次随访时患者的T1倾斜角为28.09°±15.20°,大于术前的24.14°±15.59°,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。末次随访时患者C0-C2 Cobb角和C2-C7 SVA增大,但与术前相比差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。ΔC2-C7 Cobb角与术前C2-C7 Cobb角的大小有关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前C2-C7 Cobb角>20°的患者术后均出现不同程度的下颈椎曲度减小。结论:接受上颈椎手术的寰枢椎脱位患者术后可能出现下颈椎曲度减小,术后下颈椎曲度的丢失与术前C...     

腰椎矢状曲度的研究进展

近年来,在脊柱外科中腰椎矢状曲度日益成为一个关键的参数。合适腰椎矢状曲度能够保证有好的手术效果。随着对腰椎矢状曲度认识的不断深入,在测量和重建腰椎矢状曲度等方面有了许多新的发现和观点。本文复习了最近几年腰椎矢状曲度的相关文章,现就此做一综述。     

颈椎矢状位参数及其在疾病和手术中的应用进展

颈椎的结构复杂,要传递颅骨的轴向负荷,维持水平凝视以及正常的头和颈部运动,因此颈椎更容易发生退变、损伤和功能障碍。正常的颈椎矢状位序列在维持颈椎的运动和功能中起着关键作用。颈椎矢状位参数是衡量颈椎矢状位序列非常重要的评估指标,包括颈椎曲度、矢状位轴向垂直距离和一系列颈胸交界参数,广泛应用于颈椎疾病和指导手术。     

Analysis of the cervical spine sagittal alignment in young idiopathic scoliosis: a morphological classification of 120 cases

Purpose

To analyze the relationship between the cervical spine and global spinal-pelvic alignment in young patients with idiopathic scoliosis based on a morphological classification, and to postulate the hypothesis that cervical kyphosis is a part of cervico-thoracic kyphosis in them.

Methods

120 young patients with idiopathic scoliosis were recruited retrospectively between 2006 and 2011. The following values were measured and calculated: cervical angles (CA), cervico-thoracic angles (CTA), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), spinal sacral angle (SSA), hip to C7/hip to sacrum, thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), Roussouly sagittal classification, Lenke Type Curve and Lumbar Modifier. The cervical curves were classified as lordosis, straight, sigmoid and kyphosis. They were categorized into four groups as cervical non-kyphosis group (CNK Group), cervical kyphosis group (CK Group), cervical-middle-thoracic kyphosis group (CMTK Group), and cervical-lower-thoracic kyphosis group (CLTK Group) according to their morphological characters of sagittal alignments. All parameters were compared and analyzed among groups.

Results

The incidence of cervical kyphosis was 40 % (48/120). The CA and the CTA were in significant correlation (r = 0.854, P = 0.00). The cervical spine alignments were revealed to be significantly different among groups (r = 85.04, P = 0.00). Significant differences among groups in CA, CTA and TK were also detected. A strong correlation between the group type and Lenke Lumbar Modifier was still seen (P < 0.05). Fisher’s exact test revealed that the individual vertebral body kyphosis and wedging were directly related to the overall cervical kyphosis (P = 0.00, respectively).

Conclusion

The cervical kyphosis is correlated with global sagittal alignment, and is a part of cervico-thoracic sagittal deformity in young patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Despite the deformity in cervical alignment, the global spine could still be well-balanced with spontaneous adjustment. The correlation between our grouping based on the morphological characteristics of the sagittal alignments and Lenke Lumbar Modifier suggests that the coupled motion principle be appropriate to explain the modifications both in coronal and sagittal planes.     

不同类型颈椎病患者颈伸肌肌容量与颈椎矢状位参数的差异及相关性研究

目的 :探讨不同类型颈椎病患者之间颈伸肌肌容量与颈椎矢状位序列的差异及相关性。方法 :回顾性分析2016年5月～2018年7月就诊于北京大学国际医院的颈椎病患者563例,其中男性304例,女性259例,平均年龄53.3±19.6岁,根据颈椎病的类型分为A组(脊髓型颈椎病,n=208)、B组(神经根型颈椎病,n=194)和C组(颈型颈椎病,以轴性症状为主且无神经受压的临床症状或体征,n=161)。所有患者行颈椎MRI及颈椎侧位X线片检查。通过PACS (picture archiving and communication systems)系统在颈椎侧位X线片上测量颈椎矢状位参数序列:C2-7 Cobb角、C0-2 Cobb角、C7斜率(C7 slope,C7S)和C2-7矢状垂直轴(C2-7 sagittal vertical axis,C2-7 SVA)。通过Image J软件对MRI轴位像上C3～7上终板水平浅层颈伸肌截面积(superficial extensor area,SEA)、深层颈伸肌截面积(deep extensor area,DEA)与相应颈椎椎体截面积(vertebra body area,VBA)的比值进行了测量和分析,以SEA/VBA及DEA/VBA作为颈伸肌肌容量。采用ANOVA单因素方差分析对组间矢状位参数,颈伸肌肌容量进行对比(组间两两对比采用Games-Howell法),采用Pearson相关性分析对颈伸肌肌容量与矢状位参数关联性进行分析。结果:C2-7 Cobb角A组(8.64°±6.19°)显著低于B组(12.55°±6.27°,P0.05)及C组(13.08°±5.77°,P0.05);C7S A组(28.09°±10.16°)显著高于B组(22.26°±7.55°,P0.05)及C组(21.63°±8.96°,P0.01);C2-7 SVA A组(21.77±12.38mm)显著高于B组(17.80±10.82mm,P0.05)及C组(15.54±6.82mm,P0.01)。SEA/DEA比值各组之间无显著统计学差异,A组患者DEA/VBA比值明显低于B、C组(P0.05),其中以C3-5水平差异最为显著(P0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示A组C3 DEA/VBA比值与C2-7 SVA (r=-0.379,P0.05)及C7S (r=-0.311,P0.05)呈弱负相关,C4水平DEA/VBA比值与C2-7 SVA (r=-0.478,P0.01)及C7S(r=-0.466,P0.01)呈中度负相关,而SEA/VBA比值与矢状位参数未表现出显著统计学相关性。结论:脊髓型颈椎病患者的颈椎矢状位序列较其他类型颈椎病表现出显著的失平衡改变,脊髓型颈椎病患者的深层颈伸肌体积显著低于其他类型的颈椎病,深层颈伸肌近头端附着区域的体积与C2-7 SVA及C7S之间存在一定程度的负相关性。     

Effects of a cervical disc prosthesis on maintaining sagittal alignment of the functional spinal unit and overall sagittal balance of the cervical spine

The object of this study is to review the early clinical results and radiographic outcomes following insertion of the Bryan Cervical Disc Prosthesis (Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Memphis, TN), together with its effect on maintaining sagittal alignment of the functional spinal unit (FSU) and overall sagittal balance of the cervical spine for the treatment of single-level or two-level symptomatic disc disease. Forty-seven patients with symptomatic single or two-level cervical disc disease who received the Bryan Cervical Artificial Disc were reviewed prospectively. A total of 55 Bryan disc were placed in 47 patients. A single-level procedure was performed in 39 patients and a two-level procedure in the other eight. Radiographic and clinical assessments were made preoperatively and at 1.5, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 and up to 33 months postoperatively. Mean follow-up duration was 24 months, ranging from 13 to 33 months. Periods were categorized as early follow up (1.5–3 months) and late follow up (6–33 months). The visual analogue scale (VAS), neck disability index(NDI), Odom’s criteria were used to assess pain and clinical outcomes. Static and dynamic radiographs were measured by hand and computer to determine the range of motion (ROM), the angle of the functional segmental unit (FSU), and the overall cervical alignment (C2–7 Cobb angle). With all of these data, we evaluated the change of the preoperative lordosis (or kyphosis) of the FSU and Overall sagittal balance of the cervical spine during the follow-up period. There was a statistically significant improvement in the VAS score from 7.0 ± 2.6 to 2.0 ± 1.5 (paired-t test, P = 0.000), and in the NDI from 21.5 ± 5.5 to 4.5 ± 3.9 (paired-t test P = 0.000). All of the patients were satisfied with the surgical results by Odom’s criteria. The postoperative ROM of the implanted level was preserved without significant difference from preoperative ROM of the operated level. Only 36% of patients with a preoperative lordotic sagittal orientation of the FSU were able to maintain lordosis following surgery. However, the overall sagittal alignment of the cervical spine was preserved in 86% of cases at the final follow up. Interestingly, preoperatively kyphotic FSU resulted in lordotic FSU in 13% of patients during the late follow-up, and preoperatively kyphotic overall cervical alignment resulted in lordosis in 33% of the patients postoperatively. Clinical results are encouraging, with significant improvement seen in the Bryan Cervical Artificial disc. The Bryan disc preserves motion of the FSU. Although the preoperative lordosis (or kyphosis) of the FSU could not always be maintained during the follow-up period, the overall sagittal balance of the cervical spine was usually preserved.     

胸廓入射角对强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形患者腰椎截骨矫形术后颈椎矢状面序列的影响

目的:探讨不同胸廓入射角(thoracic inlet angle,TIA)下的强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)伴胸腰椎后凸畸形患者腰椎截骨矫形术后颈椎矢状面排序的影像学特征.方法:回顾性分析2012年1月～2020年12月于我院脊柱外科就诊并接受脊柱后路经椎弓根椎体截骨矫形手术(pe...     

Reciprocal changes in cervical spine alignment after corrective thoracolumbar deformity surgery

Purpose

To identify changes in cervical alignment parameters following surgical correction of thoracolumbar deformity and then assess the preoperative parameters which induce changes in cervical alignment following corrective thoracolumbar deformity surgery.

Methods

A retrospective study of 49 patients treated for thoracolumbar deformity with preoperative planning of an acceptably aligned coronal and sagittal plane in each case. We compared cervical spine parameters in two distinct low [preoperative C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA) ≤6 cm] and high (preoperative C7 SVA ≥9 cm) C7 SVA groups. Multilinear regression analysis was performed and revealed the relationship between postoperative cervical lordosis and preoperative spinopelvic parameters and surgical plans.

Results

In the lower C7 SVA group, cervical lordosis was significantly increased after thoracic/lumbar deformity correction (p < 0.01). In contrast, the high C7 SVA group showed decreased cervical lordosis postoperatively (p < 0.01). Multilinear regression analysis demonstrated the preoperative parameters (preoperative C2–7 angle, T1 slope, surgical plan for PT and C7 SVA), which determine the postoperative cervical lordosis.

Conclusion

In spinal deformity procedures, preoperative spinal alignment parameters, and surgical plans could affect postoperative cervical spine alignment.     

后纵韧带骨化症患者术前颈椎矢状位参数对术后疗效的影响

目的:分析后纵韧带骨化症(ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament,OPLL)患者术前颈椎矢状位参数对行单开门椎管扩大成形术患者术后疗效的影响.方法:回顾性分析2015年1月～2017年12月间,于我院诊断为OPLL并行颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术的患者共181例.统...     

正常脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数的影像学研究

目的 描述正常成人的骨盆矢状位形态,分析正常成人脊柱-骨盆矢状位序列类型.方法 采用前瞻性影像学分析对139名志愿者进行研究,男94名,女45名;年龄21～28岁,平均(23.5±1.5)岁.所有志愿者行全脊柱正、侧位X线检查,利用院内影像归档与通信系统(picture archiving and communication systems,PACS)测量骨盆入射角(pelvic incidence,PI)、骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilt,PT)、骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS).按照脊柱矢状面解剖定义和形态特点描述脊柱各矢状面形态参数,分析各参数间相关性,并根据腰椎前凸顶点位置不同分析国人腰椎-骨盆矢状位序列类型.结果 PI平均值为45.1°±9.6°,明显小于西方成人,并明显小于韩国成人;女性PI值明显高于男性.骨盆各参数间密切相关,脊柱相邻前凸节段、后凸节段间密切相关,腰弯前凸还与颈弯前凸、矢状位平衡(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)密切相关;依据腰弯前凸顶点位置,将腰椎-骨盆矢状位序列分为四型:Ⅰ型,顶点位于L5椎体或L4,5椎间隙,共11名(占7.8％);Ⅱ型,顶点位于L4底部或中部,共61名(占43.3％);Ⅲ型,顶点位于L4上部或L34椎间隙,共33名(占23.4％);Ⅳ型,顶点位于L3椎体及其以上,共34名(占24.5％).所有志愿者的胸弯后凸顶点为T6.7,颈弯胸弯拐点为C7.各类型间骨盆矢状位形态、腰弯倾斜程度存在明显差异.结论 中国正常成人骨盆矢状位形态与西方和韩国人群存在明显差异.腰椎通过骨盆的调节后,在维持脊柱整体矢状位平衡方面起到核心作用;随着腰弯前凸顶点提高,脊柱-骨盆序列将出现骶骨增加倾斜、下腰弯前凸角度增加、下腰弯组成椎体数量增加、腰弯倾斜减小等变化.     

Endplate abnormalities,Modic changes and their relationship to alignment parameters and surgical outcomes in the cervical spine

Modic changes (MC) and endplate abnormalities (EA) have been shown to impact preoperative symptoms and outcomes following spinal surgery. However, little is known about how these phenotypes impact cervical alignment. This study aimed to evaluate the impact that these phenotypes have on preoperative, postoperative, and changes in cervical alignment in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). We performed a retrospective study of prospectively collected data of ACDF patients at a single institution. Preoperative magnetic resonance imagings (MRIs) were used to assess for the MC and EA. Patients were subdivided into four groups: MC-only, EA-only, the combined Modic-Endplate-Complex (MEC), and patients without either phenotype. Pre and postoperative MRIs were used to assess alignment parameters. Associations with imaging phenotypes and alignment parameters were assessed, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.5. A total of 512 patients were included, with 84 MC-only patients, 166 EA-only patients, and 71 patients with MEC. Preoperative MC (p = 0.031) and the MEC (p = 0.039) had significantly lower preoperative T1 slope compared to controls. Lower preoperative T1 slope was a risk factor for MC (p = 0.020) and MEC (p = 0.029) and presence of MC (Type II) and the MEC (Type III) was predictive of lower preoperative T1 slope. There were no differences in postoperative alignment measures or patient reported outcome measures. MC and endplate pathologies such as the MEC appear to be associated with worse cervical alignment at baseline relative to patients without these phenotypes. Poor alignment may be an adaptive response to these degenerative findings or may be a risk factor for their development.     

Analysis of cervical spine alignment in currently asymptomatic individuals: prevalence of kyphotic posture and its relationship with other spinopelvic parameters

Background context

Many studies tend to characterize cervical kyphosis as a significant clinical condition that needs to be treated. Moreover, opinions vary on whether cervical kyphosis should be considered a pathologic status or a natural occurrence in asymptomatic people.

国人青年人群坐-立位脊柱-骨盆矢状位序列变化研究

目的 :通过对正常国人青年人群进行坐-立位脊柱-骨盆矢状位序列的影像学研究,观察坐位脊柱-骨盆矢状位序列变化特点,探讨坐位下躯干矢状位平衡的调节机制。方法:在医院周边高校招募青年志愿者,共145名志愿者纳入研究,其中男51人,女94人,平均年龄23.1±2.3岁(19~29岁)。所有志愿者行站立位-坐位全脊柱正侧位X线片。应用院内PACS系统,测量如下参数:骨盆入射角(PI)、骨盆倾斜角(PT)、骶骨倾斜角(SS)、腰椎前凸角(LL)、胸椎后凸角(TK)、胸腰段后凸角(TLK)、腰椎倾斜角(LT)、脊柱矢状位平衡(SVA)、T1骨盆角(T1PA)。采用配对样本t检验,对比站立位、坐位脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数变化;运用Pearson相关分析,分别分析站立位、坐位脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数间相关性。检验水准α=0.05。结果:PI平均值为46.6°±9.1°。当体位由站立位改为坐位后,除胸腰段曲度外,脊柱-骨盆矢状位位置参数均发生显著改变。PT增大(11.8°±6.5°vs28.4°±10.0°),SS减小(34.9°±7.1°vs 19.7°±8.7°),骨盆围绕双侧股骨头中心向后旋转。LL(50.4°±10.0°vs 25.3°±11.8°)、TK(26.1°±10.2°vs 20.0°±8.9°)显著减小,LT(-5.0°±5.0°vs-1.8°±5.8°)显著增大,腰弯、胸弯代偿减小,曲度变得平直,同时腰椎相对骶骨向前倾斜。SVA(-20.1±22.4mm vs 26.9±28.6mm)、T1PA(5.6°±6.0°vs23.7°±9.3°)均明显增大,躯体矢状位平衡轴向前移动。由站立位改变为坐位后,PI、LL与矢状位平衡参数SVA、T1PA相关性进一步增强。结论:坐位时腰骶部矢状位序列会发生显著改变,表现为骨盆后倾旋转,腰椎与胸椎曲度变得平直,腰椎向前倾斜,躯干矢状位轴向前移动。这种调节与代偿的变化,需要在胸腰椎固定融合手术特别是长节段固定融合和矫形手术中充分考量。