100例嵌甲患者的手术治疗效果分析

目的：通过对100例嵌甲病人的手术治疗探讨部分甲皱襞和甲床切除术治疗甲沟炎的疗效。方法：对三种类型共100例甲沟炎病人施以部分甲皱襞和甲床切除术加以治疗。结果：共治疗100例,99治愈（其中80例一期愈合,19例感染,经引流、换药后二期愈合）。随访2～8个月,平均5个月,一例复发,无复发患者对趾甲外形满意。结论：嵌甲是引起甲沟炎主要的原因,部分甲皱襞和甲床切除术对治疗各类型嵌甲时手术操作简单,效果满意,复发率低,同时一定程度上有美甲作用。     

部分甲板、甲床及甲皱襞切除术联合应用石炭酸治疗嵌甲

2000年2月-2008年6月,笔者采用部分甲板、甲床及甲皱襞切除术联合应用石炭酸治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ期嵌甲患者65例,经随访疗效确切。 1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组65例（70趾）,男40例,女25例,年龄12-52岁。单趾60例,双趾5例,均为嵌甲处疼痛及屡发感染者。     

甲床部分切除联合甲沟重建治疗嵌甲性甲沟炎

目的探讨甲床部分切除联合甲沟重建治疗嵌甲性甲沟炎的临床疗效。方法对48例（51足）嵌甲性甲沟炎采用甲床部分切除联合甲沟重建手术治疗,手术前0.5%碘伏浸泡患趾,切除增生的肉芽组织及病变甲沟,纵形切除约1/5甲床,重建甲沟,术后加压包扎,抗炎换药治疗。结果本组均获随访,随访时间4个月～2年,术后复发1例,二次手术后痊愈;术后感染2例;其余患者甲沟重建外观美观、无复发,患者满意。结论嵌甲性甲沟炎采用甲床部分切除联合甲沟重建治疗,可以取得满意的疗效。     

重度拇嵌甲症192例的外科治疗观察

目的:提高拇嵌甲症的临床治愈率。方法:分析了192例重度拇嵌甲症发生的原因。在单纯拔甲术的基础上,行拇趾患侧的甲床、软组织及相应的甲根部、甲床纵行切除术。根据病情补加趾患侧甲沟前侧缘新月形皮肤皮下软组织切除术。结果:192例重度拇嵌甲症,随访185例,手术治愈180例,延迟愈合5例。结论:该手术治疗方法矫正了重度拇嵌甲症的解剖病变,明显提高了临床治愈率。     

踇趾部分甲皱襞和甲床楔形切除治疗嵌甲

嵌甲是对趾甲护理不当引起的钩状生长，趾甲向深部，长入叠盖的甲皱襞，嵌入甲沟内，使两侧甲沟消失。嵌甲多见于四趾，目前临床上对嵌甲Ⅰ期（炎症期）和Ⅱ期（脓肿期）的早期采取保守治疗；而对于Ⅱ期的晚期和Ⅲ期采取手术治疗，但术后复发率较高。为降低复发率，我们在1998年6月～2004年9月，采用楔形切除部分甲皱襞和甲床治疗嵌甲，疗效满意。报告如下。     

完全保留甲皱襞的部分甲基质切除术治疗感染性嵌甲

目的探讨完全保留甲皱襞的部分甲基质切除术在治疗感染性嵌甲方面的临床疗效。方法 2010年1月-2015年12月治疗90例感染性嵌甲共104趾,均采用完全保留甲皱襞的部分甲基质切除术式,从手术时机选择、术后护理、复发率及术后趾甲美观四个方面进行评价。结果 90例均适于本术式治疗,术后换药次数少、无需拆线且未见再次感染,术后趾甲轮廓得以保持,平均(26.0±3.5)个月随访中仅见1例复发。结论完全保留甲皱襞的部分甲基质切除术可治疗各期感染性嵌甲,在术后护理过程中有天然优势,并且能明显降低嵌甲复发率,保持趾甲美观。     

3种手术方法治疗钳甲的疗效比较

目的对比研究单纯拔甲术,部分甲板、甲基质切除术(即嵌甲根治术)以及甲床成形术3种手术方式治疗钳甲的疗效。方法自2009年9月至2015年7月,采用单纯拔甲术,部分甲板,甲基质切除术,甲床成形术对25例36趾(指)进行治疗。男10例,女15例;年龄25~53岁,平均35.5岁。通过弯曲系数、趾(指)再生标准比较3种手术方法的治疗效果。结果术后随访4~12个月,各组患者症状均有不同程度改善。对各组术前术后弯曲系数变化进行统计学分析,单纯拔甲组,差异无统计学意义;部分甲板、甲基质切除术、甲床成形术,差异有统计学意义。根据指甲再生评定标准,单纯拔甲组,术后优良率为0;部分甲板、甲基质切除术,术后优良率为94.7%;甲床成形术,术后优良率为85.7%。对部分甲板、甲基质切除术和甲床成形术优良率进行χ2检验,差异无统计学意义。结论使用部分甲板、甲基质切除术和甲床成形术治疗钳甲术后弯曲指数、外形及疼痛改善明显;甲床成形术外观改善明显,主观满意度高,对美容要求高的患者,建议使用。     

(足母)趾部分甲皱襞和甲床楔形切除治疗嵌甲

嵌甲是对趾甲护理不当引起的钩状生长,趾甲向深部,长入叠盖的甲皱襞,嵌入甲沟内,使两侧甲沟消失.嵌甲多见于(足母)趾,目前临床上对嵌甲Ⅰ期(炎症期)和Ⅱ期(脓肿期)的早期采取保守治疗;而对于Ⅱ期的晚期和Ⅲ期采取手术治疗,但术后复发率较高.为降低复发率,我们在1998年6月～2004年9月,采用楔形切除部分甲皱襞和甲床治疗嵌甲,疗效满意.报告如下.     

（拇）趾端胬肉型嵌甲手术治疗4例

（拇）趾趾端胬肉型嵌甲,较为常见,但远端胬肉型嵌甲很难处理,临床医生多主张将甲床切除,行皮瓣修复或残端修整术.2009-2012年本组对不伴有灰指甲的（拇）趾趾端胬肉型嵌甲进行手术治疗,取得了较满意的效果,其中无隆甲的病例取得了整形的预期效果,现报道如下.     

嵌甲的病因学探讨及疗效分析

目的探讨嵌甲的病因,分析手术治疗嵌甲的有效性.方法 2000年4月-2005年4月,收治82例中、重度嵌甲患者.其中男48例,女34例年龄14～25岁,平均19.5岁.均为()趾发病,其中甲缘单侧44例,双侧38例.就诊前复发次数初诊12例,1次复发者20例,2次复发者26例,3次及以上复发者24例.术前()趾外露甲体宽度患侧为(16.51±0.27)mm,健侧为(16.56±0.26)mm.手术将糜烂增生的甲皱襞、嵌入的趾甲及其下的甲床、嵌甲的甲根一并切除.结果 82例患者术后伤口愈合时间10～18 d,平均12.3 d.2例伤口感染,经换药后愈合.68例获随访3个月～3年6个月,平均1年4个月,无1例复发.术后随访功能评价,9分以上62例,占91.2%.从82例患者中随机抽选20例进行数据分析,术后四趾外露甲体宽度患侧为(16.46±0.27)mm,健侧为(16.56±0.26)mm,与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),外形满意.结论嵌甲的发生与不良修甲有关,正确选择术式不仅能根治嵌甲,而且可获得美观外形.     

A new anatomical repair method for the treatment of ingrown nail: prospective comparison of wedge resection of the matrix and partial matricectomy followed by lateral fold advancement flap

Currently, there are various surgical treatment modalities for ingrowing nail. None of these procedures are perfect to achieve esthetic results with low cost, recurrence, and complication rates. Eighty-seven toenails of 77 patients were operated in our clinic; 49 wedge matrix resections (WMR) and 38 partial matricectomy followed by lateral fold advancement flap (LFAF) were applied. Average follow-up period of the patients was 13 months. The recurrence rates, spicule formation, immobilization periods, and patient satisfaction for cosmetic result and discomforting symptoms were investigated. Nail, distal phalanx bone, soft tissue measurements were performed in the counterlateral healthy toe of 34 patients that we operated due to the unilateral ingrowing nail and 34 randomized individuals with no ingrowing nail by lateral and anteroposterior toe x-rays. There were no significant differences for age, sex, the side of the ingrowing nail, postoperative mobilization period, and the follow-up period between 2 groups that the techniques were applied to. There was no statistically significant difference in WMR (8.1%, 4 toes) and LFAF (none) for the recurrence rate. But there was significant difference between WMR (36.7%, 18 toes) and LFAF (5.2%, 2 toes) for the spicule formation rates (P < 0.05), and there was significant difference between WMR (20.4%, 10 toes) and LFAF (none) for the reoperation (P < 0.03). It was observed that patient satisfaction in cosmetic view was better in patient group treated with LFAF (P < 0.05). Phalanx heads were wider in patient group with ingrowing nail at the results of the measurements (P < 0.01). The fact that granulation and scarred tissues are removed instead of performing the great soft tissue excisions is more correct for both recurrence and cosmetics. Partial matricectomy and LFAF is a good alternative method for the treatment of ingrown nail, with less recurrence rates and cost and better cosmetic results.     

Recurrent Ingrown Big Toenails Are Efficiently Treated by CO2 Laser

BACKGROUND: Surgery for onychocryptosis has a high rate of recurrence. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate CO2 laser partial matricectomy for recurrent onychocryptosis. METHODS: One hundred ninety-six consecutive patients (predominantly teenagers) previously unsuccessfully treated by surgery underwent CO2 laser for recurrent onychocryptosis. After a digital nerve block and a simple partial nail plate avulsion, the laser was used (5 W, defocused 2 mm beam in continuous mode) to vaporize the matrix, the lateral horn, and the lateral nail groove, including local granulation tissue if present. Follow-up was at least 12 months. RESULTS: Three hundred forty-four matricectomies were performed. Disease was mostly at stage II and III, with severe local infection in 24 cases (12.2%). All wounds healed in 21.9 +/- 3.2 days, with no postoperative local infection or prolonged exudative drainage. Onychocryptosis reoccurred in 5 of 344 treated margins (1.45%, average 15 months), all after primary bilateral matricectomy. Spicules in the lateral nail groove occurred in 14 of 344 treated margins (4%, average 5.9 months), mostly after primary bilateral matricectomy (7 cases) and in infected margins (8 cases). One patient developed a neuroma in the lateral nail groove. CONCLUSION: CO2 laser is effective for the treatment of recurrent onychocryptosis. Bilateral matricectomy and local infection seem to be the predisposing factors for recurrence and postoperative spicule growth.     

Surgical options in the management of ingrown toenails in paediatric age group

Background and objectiveThe problem of ingrown toenails is worldwide, affecting all age groups. The aim of this study was to review the different surgical modalities for ingrown toenails in the paediatric age group in a hospital.MethodsWe reviewed case series of 66 children with 89 affected toes, under 16 years of age. The patients were followed up for up to 18 months. The treatment methods practised were: (1) nail avulsion with or without nail matrix ablation using phenol and (2) wedge excision with or without nail matrix ablation using phenol or thermal ablation.ResultsWe found a recurrence rate of 3% for those treated with wedge excision alone compared to 30% when treated with wedge excision and phenol ablation (p = 0.001). Infection rate was also higher for wedge excision with phenol ablation. We achieved cure rate of 97% when using wedge excision alone and 70% when phenol was used for nail matrix ablation.ConclusionWe advocate wedge excision as primary treatment of ingrown toenails in children. We would not recommend phenol ablation of the nail matrix in younger patients as it increases both infection and recurrence rates. The results of nail bed ablation with diathermy appear promising.     

Silicone Gel Sheeting for the Management and Prevention of Onychocryptosis

BACKGROUND: Onychocryptosis, commonly referred to as ingrown nails, has many therapeutic alternatives for its management. Although mild cases can be treated conservatively, in severe cases, surgical treatment is preferred. Silicone gel sheeting is found to be effective in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids. OBJECTIVE: To document the effectiveness of silicone gel sheeting in the management of patients with onychocryptosis and in the prevention of the recurrences by breaking the devil's circle, which usually took place after the surgical procedures used in the treatment of the onychocryptosis. METHODS: Fourteen patients were enrolled in the study. Entry criteria required the presence of slight (2 patients), moderate (2 patients), or severe (10 patients) onychocryptosis. The simple technique used in the study was the excision of the one-quarter part of the lesional side of the nail plate without excising the granulation tissue. After 24 hours, the silicone was placed on the granulation tissue and the exposed nail bed. Silicone gel sheet was bandaged loosely without applying any pressure. Patients entering the study were given detailed instructions in applying and using the gel for 12 hours during the daytime. The study lasted for 14 months and was composed of a treatment period of 4 months and a follow-up period of 10 months. The patients were evaluated every 2 weeks in the first month and then monthly. The change in thickness of granulation tissue was evaluated by comparing them with the baseline photographs and those taken at each visit. RESULTS: The management and prevention of onychocryptosis were achieved in 12 of 14 patients (85.71%). The silicone gel sheeting treatment was well tolerated except for an occasional transient exudation, which was resolved when the treatment was withdrawn. CONCLUSION: The results show that the new method that we used for the treatment of onychocryptosis is successful in reducing the thickness of the hypertrophic nail fold and prevents the recurrence of the condition during the regrowth of the nail plate by breaking the devil's circle. The advantage of this method is that it is not destructive to the nail matrix and the adjacent tissue.     

A Surgical Approach to Ingrown Nail: Partial Matricectomy Using CO2 Laser

BACKGROUND: Ingrown nail is a deformity characterized by a transverse overcurvature of the lateral nail plate that causes nail fold inflammation. Currently recommended surgical procedures vary considerably. OBJECTIVE: We report our experience with a modified partial matricectomy and nail edge excision with CO2 laser. METHODS: A total of 116 ingrown nail edges in 77 patients were treated with the procedure. RESULTS: The incidence of recurrence was 2 of 76 cases (2.6%). CONCLUSION: This new surgical approach was found to be effective and is presented as an alternative treatment technique.     

Wedge excision of the nail fold in the treatment of ingrown toenail

Many treatment modalities of ingrown toenail are reported in the literature, often associated with unacceptably high recurrence rate. The authors present their technique, which aims at reducing the convexity of the nail fold. After complete removal of the nail plate and accurate debridement of the granulomatous tissue, a wedge-shaped ellipsis of skin and subcutaneous tissue, lateral to the affected nail fold, is removed. Approximation of the margins of the resulting defect determines eversion of the nail fold. One hundred twenty ingrown toenails were treated with the wedge excision of the nail fold at the outpatient clinic of the department of plastic surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy, between January 1998 and January 2002. Six recurrences were observed. In addition to the high cure rate, short postoperative pain duration, and morbidity as well as low risk of postoperative infection, the remarkable esthetic results achievable with this method are indicated.     

围手术期处理对HIV阳性骨折患者术后并发症的影响

目的探讨应用围手术期处理对HIV阳性骨折患者术后并发症的影响。方法2010年1月到2014年2月,本研究收集49例骨科HIV阳性合并闭合性骨折患者（治疗组）及68例HIV阴性闭合性骨折患者（对照组）的临床资料,两组患者均给予钢板螺钉、髓内钉或椎弓根钉内固定;治疗组通过围手术期应用营养支持、免疫调节药物、高效抗逆转录病毒治疗、合理应用抗菌药物以及术中精细操作规范手术程序等处理;观察组仅给予一般围手术期处理。观察两组患者术后骨科并发症、HIV／AIDS并发症、骨折愈合情况及其治疗前后白细胞、血红蛋白和CD4^＋T淋巴细胞等变化进行比较分析,并分析总结围手术期处理方法。结果49例HIV阳性患者中四肢骨折36例（占73．46％）,脊柱椎体压缩性骨折10例（20．41％）,多发骨折3例（6．12％）。给予早期切开复位钢板螺钉内固定手术治疗的患者39例（占79．59％）;带锁髓内钉固定术治疗7例（14．29％）;脊柱骨折行切开复位减压植骨融合椎弓根钉内固定术10例（占20．41％）。经过特殊围手术期治疗方法,除1例患者伤口延迟愈合不良,其余全部患者伤口均一期愈合,无伤口感染。发生机会性感染1例,无骨感染,无术后死亡、无其他严重骨科并发症（如肺栓塞、骨不愈合或慢性骨髓炎等）。对照组患者术后仅3例切口延迟愈合,无切口感染、骨感染,无术后死亡及严重骨科并发症。治疗组（15例营养不良患者）予营养支持、免疫调节治疗前、后CD4^＋T淋巴细胞、血红蛋白等相比较差异具有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）。结论对HIV阳性闭合性骨折患者,通过合理术前评估、优化围手术期处理措及适当的手术方式可以显著减少并发症的发生,本组患者均取得良好的临床疗效。     

Surgical Treatment of Ingrown Toenail without Matricectomy

BACKGROUND Partial excision of the nail matrix (matricectomy) is generally considered necessary in the surgical treatment of ingrown toenail. Recurrences may occur, however, and poor cosmetic results are frequently observed.
OBJECTIVE The objective is to present a new surgical procedure for ingrown toenail with complete preservation of the nail matrix.
METHODS Twenty-three patients with ingrown toenail were included in this study. The surgical excision was performed 1 week after the completion of treatment of the initial infection. A large volume of soft tissue surrounding the nail plate was removed under local anesthesia. No matrix excision was performed.
RESULTS Short-term results were excellent. No recurrences or severe complications were observed during the minimum 12-months follow-up period. Cosmetic results were remarkable.
CONCLUSIONS Ingrown toenail results from the compression of the lateral nail folds on the nail plate. This study shows that ingrown toenail can be surgically treated without matricectomy. A large volume of soft tissue surrounding the nail plate should be removed to decompress the nail and reduce inflammation. Cosmetic results are excellent and superior to the classical Emmert plasty. Postoperative nail dystrophies and spicule formation are not observed. The main advantage of this surgical approach is the complete preservation of the anatomy and function of the nail to improve both therapeutic and cosmetic results.     

经肛提肌外腹会阴联合切除术与传统腹会阴联合切除术对低位直肠癌疗效比较的Meta分析

目的系统比较经肛提肌外腹会阴联合切除术（ELAPE）与传统腹会阴联合切除术（APE）对低位直肠癌的治疗效果。方法计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、EMbase、中国知网和维普等数据库中以低位直肠癌为研究对象、并设有ELAPE与APE对照的临床研究文献,采用Cochrane系统评价方法对两种术式的术中穿孔率、环周切缘阳性率、术后局部复发率及术后会阴切口并发症发生率进行Meta分析。结果共6篇文献（1篇随机对照研究和5篇非随机对照研究）656例病例纳入研究,其中ELAPE组346例,APE组310例。Meta分析结果显示,ELAPE组环周切缘阳性率（RR=0．48,95％CI：0．36-0．65）和局部复发率（RR=0．43,95％C1：0．19-0．99）明显低于APE组;而两组患者术中穿孔率（RR=0．45,95％CI：0．15-1．37）和术后会阴切口并发症发生率（RR=I．20,95％CI：0．57-2．50）的差异无统计学意义。结论相较于传统APE术,ELAPE术具有更低的环周切缘阳性率和局部复发率。