中小学食堂从业人员食品安全知识行为调查

了解豫北地区中小学校食堂从业人员的食品安全知识知晓情况和卫生行为现状,为规范学校食堂管理和提高服务质量提供依据.方法 分层随机抽取豫北地区61所中小学校食堂从业人员1 236名,进行现场问卷调查,并当场回收.结果 豫北地区中小学食堂从业人员的食品安全知识总体知晓率65.63%,城市学校为69.91%,明显高于农村学校的62.60%(P<0.01).能保持“不留长指甲、不涂指甲油”和“不用裸手拿取直接入口的食品”行为在城市和农村学校所占比例分别为98.82%,97.65%和95.18%,96.69%;“不将个人衣物及私人物品带入食品处理区”行为的比例较低,城市和农村分别为78.82%,73.83%.结论 中小学校食堂从业人员的食品安全知识和行为水平有待进一步提高,尤其应加强农村学校食堂从业人员食品卫生知识培训.     

EDITORIAL

No abstract available for this article.     

医学生营养状况及知识态度行为调查

目的 探讨不同地区生源医学生营养状况及影响因素,并调查其营养知识、态度及行为,为相关干预研究提供参考依据。方法 采用体质指数评价学生现时营养状况,对1 096名医学生进行营养知识-态度-行为及营养状况问卷调查。采用χ²检验和Logistic回归进行影响因素分析。结果 医学生营养不良率为15.3%;超重和肥胖率为3.5%。32.2%的城市学生、16.9%的农村学生营养态度及饮食行为较好。城市学生的营养态度普遍比农村学生积极,且饮食行为也比农村学生健康。城市和农村学生的营养知识知晓率差异无统计学意义。性别、母亲文化程度、每天吃早餐、晚上加餐以及偏食是营养状况的影响因素,其中性别、母亲文化程度、每天吃早餐为保护因素,晚上加餐、偏食为危险因素。结论 应加强农村学生饮食行为的正确引导,并帮助其端正营养态度。     

中小学生饮食行为现状及其影响因素研究进展

随着人们生活水平的提高,膳食营养得到越来越多的重视,但我国中小学生中不良饮食行为依然普遍,由此产生的健康问题日益凸显,如营养不良和营养过剩的发生率呈上升趋势[1];此外,有报道指出成年期的心脑血管疾病、肿瘤等往往源于儿童青少年时期的不良饮食行为[2,3].膳食营养是人体生长发育的物质基础,而中小学阶段正是个人体格和智力发育的关键时期,也是行为和生活方式形成的重要时期,在这一时期建立的饮食行为对其心智的健康成长以及成年期良好的生活质量具有深远的意义.     

Food Label Knowledge,Usage and Attitudes of Older Adults

Few recent studies have investigated food label practices in older adults. This cross-sectional study surveyed adults, 60 years and older in Delaware (n?=?100, 82% female, 74% between 60 and 79 years, 49% Caucasian, 45% African Americans) to examine associations between food label knowledge, attitudes, and usage patterns. A 28-item questionnaire assessed knowledge, attitudes, usage, and demographic information. Bivariate analysis results showed food label knowledge was associated with education and monthly income. Those reporting a high school education or less incorrectly identified calorie (P?相似文献   

河口县娱乐场所从业人员艾滋病知识态度行为的调查研究

为了解河口县娱乐场所从业人员预防艾滋病知识、态度、行为，以及通过预防宣传教育、干预活动后，有关知识知晓率的提高情况，于1997年、1998年两次分别向娱乐场所从业人员散发和回收艾滋病知识调查表，并作比较分析。结果表明，人群的知识掌握率有一定提高，其平均提高幅度为47.92%-63.31%。但总体的知晓率还较低，揭示预防控制滋病还必须在宣传教育上加大力度。     

应用行为改变理论探索婴幼儿腹泻相关喂养行为影响因素

目的 应用行为改变理论探索婴幼儿腹泻相关喂养行为的影响因素,为干预喂养行为、促进儿童营养和健康提供参考依据。方法 运用横断面资料,通过路径分析了解河北省涞水县476名10~15月龄婴幼儿看护人对腹泻相关喂养行为的知识、态度、家人及村里人的主观准则、看护人的自我效能、行为意向及行为间的关系。结果 看护人腹泻相关喂养行为的得分为4.13±1.76;路径分析显示,看护人的知识、家人及村里人的主观准则、看护人的行为意向、态度和自我效能对行为的总效应依次为0.231、0.214、0.128、0.079、0.035。结论 对婴幼儿看护人干预的重点在于提高其喂养行为的知识,同时干预的目标人群还应包括其家人及同村人。     

Relation of obesity-related attitudes, knowledge, and eating behaviors with body weight and body shape satisfaction in 5th-grade Korean children

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic problem. The downward trend of an obesity onset age calls for research efforts on how to develop useful nutrition educational programs for children to maintain adequate body weight. Understanding the roles of objective and subjective body status in obesity-related attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors can provide important information. The current study aimed to examine obesity-related attitudes and knowledge and practices of eating behavior guidelines in relation to obesity and body shape satisfaction among children. The gender effect in the relations was also investigated. A self-administered survey was conducted with 260 fifth grade children at 2 public elementary schools in the suburbs of Seoul. Information on demographics, body size, body satisfaction, obesity-related attitudes and knowledge, and eating behaviors was collected. Study findings from one-way analysis of variance tests indicated no differences in mean scores of the attitudes, knowledge, and eating behaviors across the levels of obesity for both gender. The levels of body shape satisfaction was, however, found to be significantly related with the attitudes and eating behaviors in girls, while no such relation was seen in boys. Girls with lower body shape dissatisfaction had significantly more negative attitudes toward obesity which was not translated into practice of healthy eating behaviors. That is, contrary to general expectation, the level of practicing the eating behavior guidelines was significantly lower in those girls. While underlying reasons for this observation is not fully answered, gender-specific, body satisfaction-stratified, and behavior-focused approach in designing obesity prevention programs for elementary school girls is suggested efficient and useful.     

学龄前儿童饮食行为及其影响因素研究

目的 了解学龄前期儿童的饮食行为及其影响因素,为儿童不良饮食行为的早期干预提供参考依据。方法 2016年4-6月,采用分层整群抽样法在西安市城区和郊区各选择2所幼儿园,采用《学龄前儿童饮食行为量表》对330名儿童主要照护人进行调查。采用多元逐步回归分析探索儿童饮食行为的影响因素。结果 共发放调查问卷330份,回收有效问卷319份,有效回收率97%。分析发现,性别、母亲教育程度及家庭人口数是儿童挑食的主要影响因素;是否独生子女、家庭人口数是食物响应和外因性进食的主要影响因素;性别、母亲教育程度、人均月收入、家庭人口数是不良进食行为的主要影响因素;性别、居住状况、人均月收入是过饱响应的影响因素;是否独生子女、居住状况、家庭人口数与情绪性进食得分密切相关;年龄、居住状况、家庭人口数是影响主动进食的主要因素。结论 家庭人口学特征影响儿童饮食行为,但不同饮食行为的影响因素不同。     

上海市嘉定区居民健康知识和行为现况及其影响因素调查

目的了解上海市嘉定区居民健康知识知晓和健康行为形成现况及其影响因素。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,抽取了上海市嘉定区2593名15岁以上的城乡居民进行问卷调查。结果嘉定区居民总体健康知识知晓率和行为形成率分别为78.9%和72.2%。其中健康知识知晓和健康行为形成高分组分别为2946人(82.0%)和2315人(64.4%)。Logistic回归分析中,年龄、文化程度、职业、婚姻状况、月收入和城乡对居民健康知识知晓水平的影响有统计学意义(P0.05);性别、年龄和文化程对居民健康行为形成水平的影响有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论嘉定区居民健康知识和行为水平总体上有待进一步提高,年龄、文化程度等是健康知识知晓率和健康行为形成率的影响因素。     

Co-creating healthful eating behaviors with very young children: The impact of information overload on primary caregivers

ABSTRACT

Primary caregivers of very young children are subject to excessive and often disparate information regarding the instilling of healthful eating behaviors. Our study focuses on the integration of the operant resources of primary caregivers (i.e., their knowledge and modeling skills) and that of their very young children (i.e., their self-regulation of energy intake and food preferences) to co-create healthful eating behaviors as a measure to curb overweight and obesity in adulthood. Our two-stage qualitative study makes original contributions demonstrating that primary caregivers’ efforts to co-create healthful eating behaviors with their very young children are adversely affected by information overload.     

Understanding the role of mother guilt and self-compassion in health behaviors in mothers with young children

ABSTRACT

We explored whether the guilt mothers of young children feel about engaging in health behaviors mediates the relationship between self-compassion and self-reported engagement in health-promoting behaviors such as physical activity, eating a healthy diet and getting enough sleep. In this online, cross-sectional study, 143 mothers of young children completed measures of self-compassion, guilt about taking time to engage in health-promoting behaviors, trait guilt, health-promoting behaviors, self-esteem, and demographics. Mediation analysis, using Hayes’ PROCESS macro showed that mother guilt mediated the relationship between self-compassion and health-promoting behaviors, ß = .05, Bca CI (.0014, .1133) with a bootstrapped standard error of .03 and a 95% confidence interval. Self-compassion may offer mothers a positive way to deal with guilty feelings about looking after their health.     

广州市青年学生艾滋病相关危险性行为发生情况及影响因素分析

目的 分析广州市青年学生艾滋病相关危险性行为的发生情况及影响因素。方法 2021年9-11月采用方便抽样方法在广州市5所不同类型大学开展横断面调查，每个年级至少抽取1个班级，每所学校样本量为600人。采用R 4.2.2软件进行数据整合、清洗和分析。以是否曾经发生过性行为为分层变量，同时构建logistic回归模型和决策树模型，每层通过受试者工作特征曲线下面积和混淆矩阵对两种模型预测性能进行评价，保留预测性能较高的模型。结果 共调查青年学生7 346人。自报曾经发生性行为者占9.08%（667/7 346），其中近1年发生危险性行为者占26.24%（175/667）。对于近1年是否发生危险性行为，决策树模型各项预测性能较高，当复杂度系数值为0.018，决策树生长层数为4，即有5个叶子结点时，树的交叉误差最小。决策树模型第一个最佳分组变量是首次性行为是否正确使用安全套，如果正确使用安全套但近1年发生男男性行为则发生危险性行为概率增加，如果近1年未发生男男性行为，但首次性行为年龄<18岁且开始接受艾滋病宣传教育的文化程度是高中及以上，发生危险性行为概率也会增加。结论 青年学生艾滋病相关危险性行为问题值得关注，首次性行为的经历、是否接受过艾滋病相关健康教育是后续发生危险性行为的重要预测因素。决策树模型对于预测和筛选HIV潜在风险人群具有一定适用性。     

Evaluation of the effectiveness of a nutritional health education leaflet in changing public knowledge and attitudes about eating and health

A nutritional health education leaflet EAT WELL, BE WELL was written and produced by a Wessex working party on diet and health. The leaflet's effectiveness in changing people's knowledge about, and attitudes towards, healthy eating was evaluated by means of a postal survey. Half of a random sample of electors were sent the nutritional leaflet. A few weeks later, the whole sample were sent a short 'Eating and Health' questionnaire. There was a 62 per cent response rate, with no significant difference between the group who had previously received the leaflet and the group who had not.
The mean scores on the factual questions did not differ significantly between the two groups, providing little evidence that the nutritional leaflet increased public knowledge. The evaluation suggests that the mass distribution of this leaflet is not an effective method of health education.
The survey did indicate that previous nutrition education has successfully put across the message to eat less sugar, fat and salt, and more fibre. It also showed, however, that there is still confusion about some aspects of healthy eating, including the place of starchy foods in the diet.     

常州市青少年吸烟现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解常州市青少年吸烟状况、对烟草的认知情况及影响吸烟行为的因素,为制定控烟策略提供依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,使用“江苏省青少年与烟草调查问卷”,对常州市小学、中学、中专学生共1 050名进行调查.结果 常州市青少年尝试吸烟率为14.48％,男生为22.94％,女生为8.15％,差异有统计学意义(x2=45.39,P＜0.05);现在吸烟率为3.05％,其中男生为5.12％,女生为1.50％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.43,P＜0.05).半数以上学生对烟草与健康相关知识和态度较好.大部分学生认同被动吸烟有害健康,但是对被动吸烟损害与主动吸烟损害的认知差异有统计学意义(x2=37.10,P＜0.05).学生周围与烟草有关的信息不同,其尝试吸烟率也不同.结论 常州市青少年尝试吸烟年龄较小,中等职业学校是控制吸烟行为的重点.应针对不同年龄青少年开展健康教育活动,教师和家长也应从自身做起,给学生、孩子做好榜样.     

Diet and other lifestyle behaviors in young college women

Data from Food Frequency Questionnaires and Health Behavior Surveys of 93 first year college women were analyzed for diet, activity, and other health behaviors. Body mass index was positively associated with saturated fat and inversely associated with fiber intake. Fifty-one percent of students took vitamin supplements; this was associated with higher iron and folate intakes and greater physical activity. Sixty-six percent of students never smoked; 10% smoked to control their weight. Smokers had lower fiber and higher alcohol intakes. Sixty-one percent of students drank and 50% had been drunk in the last month. Forty percent felt that they were overweight, 57% dieted, and 29% reported out of control eating. More than 50% of students were sexually active, and 18% had been tested for HIV infection. After adjusting for energy intake, physical activity showed a significant association with the healthy eating pattern. These findings suggest that healthful behaviors occurred together.     

Associations between food insecurity and healthy behaviors among Korean adults

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESFood insecurity has been suggested as being negatively associated with healthy behaviors and health status. This study was performed to identify the associations between food insecurity and healthy behaviors among Korean adults.SUBJECTS/METHODSThe data used were the 2011 Community Health Survey, cross-sectional representative samples of 253 communities in Korea. Food insecurity was defined as when participants reported that their family sometimes or often did not get enough food to eat in the past year. Healthy behaviors were considered as non-smoking, non-high risk drinking, participation in physical activities, eating a regular breakfast, and maintaining a normal weight. Multiple logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to identify the association between food insecurity and healthy behaviors.RESULTSThe prevalence of food insecurity was 4.4% (men 3.9%, women 4.9%). Men with food insecurity had lower odds ratios (ORs) for non-smoking, 0.75 (95% CI: 0.68-0.82), participation in physical activities, 0.82 (95% CI: 0.76-0.90), and eating a regular breakfast, 0.66 (95% CI: 0.59-0.74), whereas they had a higher OR for maintaining a normal weight, 1.19 (95% CI: 1.09-1.30), than men with food security. Women with food insecurity had lower ORs for non-smoking, 0.77 (95% CI: 0.66-0.89), and eating a regular breakfast, 0.79 (95% CI: 0.72-0.88). For men, ORs for obesity were 0.78 (95% CI: 0.70-0.87) for overweight and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.39-0.82) for mild obesity. For women, the OR for moderate obesity was 2.04 (95% CI: 1.14-3.63) as compared with normal weight.CONCLUSIONSFood insecurity has a different impact on healthy behaviors. Provision of coping strategies for food insecurity might be critical to improve healthy behaviors among the population.     

Food insecurity among Canadian youth and young adults: insights from the Canada Food Study

ObjectiveThis study explored associations between socio-demographic characteristics, self-reported health, and household food security among young adults.MethodsNational cohort study participants from Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Edmonton, and Halifax, Canada, aged 16–30 years (n = 2149) completed online surveys. Multinomial logistic regression, weighted to reflect age and sex proportions from the 2016 census, was conducted to examine associations between food security status and covariates.ResultsAlmost 30% of respondents lived in food-insecure households, with 19% in “moderately” food-insecure and 10% in “severely” food-insecure households. Respondents identifying as Black or Indigenous were more likely to live in moderately (AOR = 1.96, CI: 1.10, 3.50; AOR = 3.15, CI: 1.60, 6.20) and severely (AOR = 4.25, CI: 2.07, 8.74; AOR = 6.34, CI: 2.81, 14.30) food-insecure households compared with those identifying as mixed/other ethnicity. Respondents who found it “very difficult” to make ends meet were more likely to be moderately (AOR = 20.37, CI: 11.07, 37.46) and severely (AOR = 101.33, CI: 41.11, 249.77) food insecure. Respondents classified as “normal” weight (AOR = 0.64, CI: 0.43, 0.96) or overweight (AOR = 0.53, CI: 0.34, 0.83) were less likely to be moderately food insecure compared with those affected by obesity. Compared with “very good or excellent,” “poor” health, diet quality, and mental health were each positively associated with severe food insecurity (AOR = 7.09, CI: 2.44, 20.61; AOR = 2.63, CI: 1.08, 6.41; AOR = 2.09, CI: 1.03, 4.23, respectively).ConclusionThe high prevalence of correlates of food insecurity among young adults suggests the need for policies that consider the unique challenges (e.g., precarious income) and vulnerability associated with this life stage.     

广西云南贫困县小学生饮食相关影响因素分析

了解贫困地区小学生饮食营养相关影响因素现状,为进一步加强营养相关援助提供基线资料.方法 在广西和云南各选取1个国家级贫困县,对9所小学全体学生共1 868名及其家长进行问卷调查.结果 83.81%的家庭认为已经或基本解决温饱问题.家庭每月用于购买食物的费用为263.37元,恩格尔系数为0.51±0.24.79.40%的家庭每天只吃两餐.学校均设有食堂为学生提供午餐和晚餐,每餐一般控制在1.2 ~3.0元.受调查地区小学生的营养知识及格率仅为10.61%,81.8%的学生“从来不吃”或“很少吃”鸡蛋.92.9%的学生平均每月零花钱有(26.91±34.83)元.24.25%的学生每天都吃零食.结论 贫困地区学生温饱问题已经解决,但学生营养知识匮乏.应对学生进行营养宣教,养成良好的饮食习惯,使政府的营养改善计划取得更好的实效.