急性前循环串联闭塞血管开通治疗临床研究

目的 评价不同血管内介入方法开通不同病因所致急性前循环串联闭塞患者的有效性、安全性及预后.方法 回顾性分析2017年2月至2020年10月在厦门大学附属中山医院接受介入治疗的44例急性前循环串联闭塞性脑梗死住院患者.根据中国缺血性卒中亚分类(CISS)病因分型分为大动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂继发原位血栓形成组(LAA组,n=...     

Low-pressure balloon angioplasty with adjuvant pharmacological therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by intracranial arterial occlusions

Introduction The use of coronary balloons in the cerebral vasculature is limited due to their poor trackability and increased risk of vessel injury. We report our experience using more compliant elastomer balloons for thrombus resistant to intraarterial (IA) pharmacological and mechanical thrombolysis in acute stroke. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 12 consecutive patients with an occluded intracranial artery treated with angioplasty using a low-pressure elastomer balloon. Angiograms were graded according to the Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) and Qureshi grading systems. Outcomes were categorized as independent (modified Rankin scale, mRS, score ≤2), dependent (mRS score 3–5), or dead (mRS score 6). Results Included in the study were 12 patients (mean age 66±17 years, range 31–88 years; mean baseline National Institutes of Health stroke scale score 17±3, range 12–23). The occlusion sites were: internal carotid artery (ICA) terminus (five patients, including two concomitant cervical ICA occlusions), M1 segment (two patients), and basilar artery (two patients). Pharmacological treatment included intravenous (IV) t-PA only (two patients), IA urokinase only (nine patients), both IV t-PA and IA urokinase (one patient), and IV and/or IA eptifibatide (eight patients). Mean time to treatment was 5.9±3.9 h (anterior circulation) and 11.0±7.2 h (posterior circulation). Overall recanalization rate (TICI grade 2/3) was 91.6%. Procedure-related morbidity occurred in one patient (distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery embolus). There were no symptomatic hemorrhages. Outcomes at 90 days were independent (five patients), dependent (three patients) and dead (four patients, all due to progression of stroke with withdrawal of care). Conclusion Angioplasty of acutely occluded intracranial arteries with low-pressure elastomer balloons results in high recanalization rates with an acceptable degree of safety. Prior use of thrombolytics may increase the chances of recanalization, and glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors may be helpful in preventing reocclusion and in increasing patency rates. This work was presented at the American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology Third Annual Course and Workshop (Puerto Rico, August 2006).     

CT diagnosis of acute gastric volvulus

Acute gastric volvulus is an infrequent entity. Management is surgical. Diagnosis frequently is delayed because of the non-specific nature of presenting symptoms. The authors report a case of acute gastric volvulus diagnosed by computed tomography in a 92 year old woman that was confirmed at surgery. The pathophysiology, classification and different presentations of this entity are briefly reviewed. CT findings suggesting gastric volvulus are reviewed as well.     

Gastric volvulus: acute and chronic presentation

Diaphragmatic hernia may be congenital or traumatic in origin. Traumatic hernia may menifest immediately or several months/years after the incident. Congenital hernia usually manifests in the early years of life. Diaphragmatic hernia may be complicated by gastric volvulus. Acute gastric volvulus is surgical emergency where as chronic gastric volvulus presents with nonspecific abdominal symptoms. Diagnosis of gastric volvulus is difficult and is based on imaging studies. We describe four cases of diaphragmatic hernia complicated by gastric volvulus, diagnosed on imaging and managed surgically.     

Recurrent meningoencephalitis and ascending myelitis caused by dermal sinus tract of extraordinary length

Summary The case of an infant with a dermal sinus tract, recurrent meningitis, ascending myelitis and a fatal outcome is described. The extraordinary extent of the cord affection with abscesses up to the level of the lower brainstem, and the presence of squamous epithelium within them, is difficult to explain on the basis of current concepts of the formation of dysraphic dermal sinus tracts. Morphogenetic, clinical and radiological aspects are discussed.     

Computed tomography findings of acute gastric volvulus

Purpose

To assess the diagnostic performance of CT signs of gastric volvulus in both confirmed cases and control subjects.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively reviewed CT findings in 10 patients with surgically confirmed acute gastric volvulus and 20 control subjects with gastric distension. Two radiologists independently evaluated CT images for risk factors of gastric volvulus, direct findings of gastric volvulus by assessing gastric dilatation, the presence of an antropyloric transition point, the respective position of the different stomach segments and of the greater and lesser curvatures, stenosis of the gastric segments through the oesophageal hiatus and for findings of gastric ischemia. The sensitivity and specificity of each finding were calculated.

Results

The most sensitive direct signs of gastric volvulus were an antropyloric transition point without any abnormality at the transition zone and the antrum at the same level or higher than the fundus. The presence of both these two findings as diagnostic criteria of gastric volvulus had 100 % sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of gastric volvulus. There was no association between CT signs of ischemia and final bowel ischemia at pathology.

Conclusion

CT is both highly sensitive and specific for diagnosing acute gastric volvulus.

Key Points

? CT is highly reliable for diagnosing acute gastric volvulus with two findings. ? The two signs are gastropyloric transition zone and abnormal location of the antrum. ? This allows fast surgical management of this emergency.     

Evaluation of the grafted ascending aorta with computed tomography. Complications caused by suture dehiscence

Patients who have undergone surgery on the thoracic aorta and placement of a synthetic tubular graft need close, long-term radiological follow-up, as they are at risk of not only complications and progression of the underlying disease (atherosclerosis, dissection, or cystic medial necrosis) but also complications of the procedure, notably suture dehiscence leading to formation of an aneurysm around the graft. In a series of 14 asymptomatic postoperative patients studied by computed tomography (CT), the authors detected leakage of contrast material around the graft in 6 patients, 2 of whom required re-operation to correct suture dehiscence. CT is a noninvasive and sensitive method of postoperative evaluation of patients who have undergone an aortic graft.     

Self-expanding stents for recanalization of acute cerebrovascular occlusions

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stent-assisted revascularization increases prevailing recanalization rates ( congruent with 50%-69%) for vessel occlusions recalcitrant to thrombolytics. Although balloon-mounted coronary stents can displace thrombus (via angioplasty) and retain clot along vessel walls, intracranial self-expanding stents are more flexible and exert less radial outward force during deployment, increasing deliverability and safety. To understand the effectiveness of self-expanding stents for recanalization of acute cerebrovascular occlusions, we retrospectively reviewed our preliminary experience with these stents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients (19 lesions) presenting with a clinical diagnosis of acute stroke underwent catheter-based angiography documenting focal occlusion of an intracranial artery. A self-expanding stent was delivered to the occlusion and deployed. Stent placement was the initial mechanical maneuver in 6 cases; others involved a combination of pharmacologic and/or mechanical maneuvers prestenting. GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors were administered in 10 cases intraprocedurally or immediately postprocedurally to avoid acute in-stent thrombosis. RESULTS: Stent deployment at the target occlusion (technical success) was achieved in all cases. Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia (TICI)/Thrombolysis in Myocardial Ischemia (TIMI) 2/3 recanalization (angiographic success) was achieved in 15 of 19 lesions (79%). All single-vessel lesions (n=8) were recanalized, but only 7 of 11 combination internal carotid artery and middle cerebral artery lesions were recanalized. No intraprocedural complications occurred. Seven in-hospital deaths occurred: stroke progression, 4; intracranial hemorrhage, 2; respiratory failure, 1. Seven patients had >or=4-point National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale improvement within 24 hours after the procedure, 6 had modified Rankin Score (mRS) 相似文献   

Indications and results of transcatheter fibrinolysis in acute arterial occlusions

The authors' experience is reported on intravascular fibrinolytic therapy with urokinase in acute arterial obstructions. Thirty-eight patients were treated, from 1983 to 1986, for acute thrombosis and/or thromboembolization, 22 of which developed on an atherosclerotic lesion, and 10 on a surgical stenotic by-pass graft. A complete vascular recanalization has been obtained, at the end of the procedure, in 69.4% of the cases, 77.7% had a definite final clinical improvement. The results correspond to the medium statistical level of the various casuistics analyzed for comparison. Surgery has been performed on 27.7% of the patients. Complications have been observed in 8% of the cases. IAF technique is of greatest value in the treatment of those lesions; better results have been obtained with intra-thrombus injection of the drug (as emphasized by many authors) in association with PTA and surgery. A close cooperation between interventional radiology, vascular surgery and angiology is therefore necessary in this field.     

华法林过量致肠梗阻1例

随着人口老龄化及血栓性疾病的增多,华法林等抗凝药物的应用越来越广泛.由于华法林的安全窗口窄、疗效易受饮食干扰,其过量所致的出血是常见并发症.然而,以肠梗阻为首发表现的华法林过量较为罕见.临床工作中遇到1例,现将诊疗过程及经验教训报道.     

介入治疗急性髂总动脉和肢体动脉栓塞的临床研究

目的：探讨急性髂总动脉和肢体动脉栓塞血管内治疗的方法和疗效。方法：采用血管内尿激酶溶栓术11例，8例腘动脉狭窄9段，3例髂外动脉狭窄6段；经皮穿刺血管成形术(PTA)8例，2例髂总动脉狭窄3段，6例股动脉狭窄10段。支架置入1例为髂外动脉狭窄。共治疗患者20例28段。男16例，女4例，年龄30～83岁，平均56岁。结果：溶栓治疗成功率66．67％(10／15段)，PTA治疗成功率92．31％(12／13段)，支架置入术成功1例(1／1)。结论：采用血管内局部溶栓和PTA、支架置入是治疗急性髂总动脉和肢体动脉栓塞安全、有效的方法。     

Radiological features of acute gastric volvulus in adult patients

ObjectiveTo evaluate the radiological features of acute gastric volvulus in adults and correlate these features with operative findings.Materials and MethodsThe clinical, radiological and operative findings of five adult patients (four males and one female with mean age of 50.4 years) who presented or referred to King Abdullah University hospital over 4 year’s period with symptoms of acute gastric volvulus were reviewed retrospectively. All patients underwent upper gastrointestinal barium study and two of them had computed tomographic (CT) scans preoperatively. The radiological features demonstrated on upper gastrointestinal barium exams and CT scans were analyzed and compared with operative findings.ResultsRadiological and operative findings revealed organo-axial gastric volvulus in all patients in our study. All of them had associated diaphragmatic defect or hiatal hernia. The upper gastrointestinal barium studies demonstrated the classic radiological features of organo-axial volvulus. CT done on two of our patients confirmed the diagnosis.ConclusionUpper gastrointestinal barium study is an accurate way to diagnose and characterize acute gastric volvulus in adult patients. CT scan can also be used to diagnose this clinical entity.     

Use of microcatheters for suction thrombectomy of acute distal occlusions

We report our initial experience of using a microcatheter for contact aspiration of acute distal occlusions for recanalization. Endovascular technique and a case using Excelsior XT-27 microcatheter are presented. After manual suction within distal middle cerebral artery segments using a 50-ml syringe, instant and complete recanalization was obtained. Microcatheter suction thrombectomy using a 50-ml syringe can be considered a feasible treatment option for acute distal small artery occlusions.     

甲氨蝶呤致急性脑白质病MRI分析

目的 探讨静脉注射大剂量甲氨蝶呤引起骨肉瘤患者脑白质病的MRI影像学表现。方法 选取在本院行大剂量甲氨蝶呤静脉化疗诱发急性脑白质病的4例骨肉瘤患者,出现临床症状时均行颅脑MRI平扫+DWI检查,其中2例行颅脑MRI增强检查。结合患者出现的临床症状,并分析其影像学表现。结果 4例脑白质病患者颅脑MRI DWI序列观察到半卵圆中心、侧脑室旁呈高信号,1例患者T₂FLAIR图像呈稍高信号,其中2例行颅脑MRI增强检查,病灶未见强化。1～2周后复查颅脑MRI,结果显示DWI的高信号区域缩小、消失。结论 颅脑MRI检查对于甲氨蝶呤诱发脑白质病的早期识别具有较大医学价值,有助于准确诊断和及时进行适当治疗,预后良好。     

Intracranial balloon angioplasty of acute terminal internal carotid artery occlusions

Acute embolic occlusion of the intracranial internal carotid bifurcation is associated with a poor prognosis. Recanalization rates of this lesion with intravenous or intraarterial thrombolysis are exceedingly low. We describe the use of balloon angioplasty after failed thrombolysis to achieve immediate recanalization of acute carotid T occlusions in two patients. At 1-month follow-up, both patients were alive with neurologic deficits. For acute carotid T occlusion, balloon angioplasty should be considered a first-line endovascular therapy.     

Initial results of reteplase in the treatment of acute lower extremity arterial occlusions

PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility and efficacy of reteplase in transcatheter arterial thrombolysis for lower extremity occlusive disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen consecutive patients with acute lower extremity ischemia due to occlusive disease were treated by means of catheter-directed thrombolysis with reteplase. Following diagnostic angiography, thrombolysis was started either from an antegrade puncture site in cases of femoropopliteal occlusions, or from the contralateral groin in cases of thrombosis of the iliac artery, common femoral artery, or infrainguinal bypass grafts. Reteplase was infused at a rate of either 0.5 U/h (six patients) or 1.0 U/h (nine patients). RESULTS: Complete thrombolysis was achieved in all of the nine (100%) patients in the 1.0 U/h group and in four of six (66%) patients in the 0.5 U/h group for a combined success rate of 13 of 15 (87%). Clinical success was achieved in 11 of 15 patients overall (73%). Major bleeding complications occurred in none of the 9 patients in the 1.0 U/h group and in one (16%) of the six patients in the 0.5 U/h group for an overall rate of 6%. CONCLUSIONS: Reteplase shows promise as an alternative to urokinase in the treatment of lower extremity ischemia due to arterial occlusive disease.