迷迭香酸类似物-11通过EGFR-JNK通路抑制人胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖和迁移

目的基于EGFR-JNK通路,探讨RAA-11对人胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖和迁移的抑制作用。方法 MTT法检测RAA-11对人胃黏膜上皮GES-1细胞和人胃癌MGC-803细胞活力的影响;划痕实验检测RAA-11对人胃癌MGC-803细胞迁移能力的影响;实时荧光定量PCR检测RAA-11对人胃癌MGC-803细胞EGFR mRNA表达的影响;Western blot检测RAA-11对人胃癌MGC-803细胞凋亡相关蛋白caspase-3、Bcl-2、Bax及通路蛋白EGFR、JNK、p-JNK表达的影响。结果 MTT结果表明,与人胃黏膜上皮GES-1细胞相比,RAA-11明显抑制人胃癌MGC-803细胞的增殖(P<0.01),提示RAA-11对MGC-803细胞有选择作用;划痕实验结果提示,RAA-11能抑制人胃癌MGC-803细胞的迁移能力;实时荧光定量PCR结果提示,RAA-11降低了人胃癌MGC-803细胞EGFR mRNA的表达;Western blot结果提示,RAA-11上调人胃癌MGC-803细胞促凋亡相关蛋白caspase-3、Bax,并促进通路蛋白JNK、p-JNK的表达(P<0.01),下调抑凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2的表达,并降低了通路蛋白EGFR的表达水平(P<0.01)。结论 RAA-11通过作用于EGFR-JNK通路,抑制人胃癌MGC-803细胞的增殖和迁移,并能够诱导其凋亡。     

迷迭香酸类似物-11通过抑制ERK/MAPK通路诱导人胃癌MGC-803细胞凋亡

目的对迷迭香酸类似物-11(rosmarinic acid analogue-11,RAA-11)诱导人胃癌MGC-803细胞凋亡及其机制进行初步探究。方法 MTT法和克隆形成法观察RAA-11对人胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖的抑制作用;Hoechst 33258染色法观察RAA-11对人胃癌MGC-803细胞核凋亡形态学的影响;流式细胞术检测RAA-11对人胃癌MGC-803细胞凋亡率的影响;Western blot观察RAA-11对人胃癌MGC-803细胞凋亡相关蛋白caspase-3、Bcl-2、Bax及通路蛋白ERK、p-ERK表达的影响。结果 MTT结果提示RAA-11可以抑制人胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖(P<0.01),且呈时间浓度依赖性;克隆形成实验结果提示,RAA-11能抑制人胃癌MGC-803细胞的集落形成能力;Hoechst 33258染色结果提示,RAA-11干预人胃癌MGC-803细胞48 h后,细胞核呈现典型凋亡形态学改变;流式细胞术结果提示,RAA-11对人胃癌MGC-803细胞有明显的促凋亡作用; Western blot结果显示,RAA-11上调人胃癌MGC-803细胞促凋亡相关蛋白caspase-3、Bax(P<0.01),下调抑凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2的表达水平,并降低了通路蛋白ERK、p-ERK的表达水平(P<0.01)。结论 RAA-11能抑制人胃癌MGC-803细胞的增殖,并能够诱导凋亡,其机制可能与抑制ERK/MAPK通路有关。     

迷迭香酸衍生物RAD-9通过PI3K/Akt和p38 MAPK信号通路诱导胃癌MGC-803细胞凋亡

目的研究迷迭香酸衍生物RAD-9诱导胃癌MGC-803细胞凋亡的作用及其机制。方法 MTT法观察RAD-9对胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖的抑制作用;流式细胞术检测细胞的凋亡;Hoechst 33258染色法观察RAD-9对MGC-803细胞核凋亡形态学的影响;Western blot检测RAD-9干预MGC-803细胞36 h后,对Akt、p-Akt、p38 MAPK、p-p38 MAPK蛋白及凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax、caspase-3的影响。结果MTT结果显示,RAD-9呈时间、浓度依赖性抑制胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖;流式细胞术结果显示,RAD-9对胃癌MGC-803细胞有明显的促凋亡作用(P<0.01);Hoechst 33258染色实验结果显示,RAD-9干预胃癌MGC-803细胞36 h后,细胞核呈现典型凋亡形态学改变;Western blot结果显示,RAD-9干预胃癌MGC-803细胞36 h后,Bcl-2蛋白表达水平明显降低,Bax、caspase-3蛋白表达水平明显提高,Akt、p-Akt蛋白表达水平明显下调,p38 MAPK、p-p38 MAPK蛋白表达水平明显上调(P<0.01)。结论 RAD-9能抑制胃癌MGC-803细胞生长,且能诱导其凋亡,其机制可能与抑制PI3K/Akt和激活p38 MAPK信号通路相关。     

氯化钆对胃癌 MGC-803细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的：观察氯化钆（ Gdcl3）对胃癌细胞株MGC-803增殖及凋亡的影响。方法实验设对照组、10μmol· L－1 Gdcl3处理组及100μmol· L－1 Gdcl3处理组。不同浓度的Gdcl3对MGC-803处理24 h后,用MTT比色法观察Gdcl3对细胞活性的影响;用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;用Caspase活性检测试剂盒来检测细胞Caspase3,8,9活性检测。结果与空白对照组相比,Gdcl3抑制MGC-803增殖,具有统计学意义差异（P＜0．05）;Gdcl3促进MGC-803凋亡（P＜0．05）;Gdcl3可增强MGC-803细胞Caspase-3,9的活性（P＜0．05）,对Caspase-8影响不明显。结论 Gdcl3抑制MGC-803增殖,促进癌细胞凋亡,可能主要通过线粒体途径来促凋亡。     

重楼皂苷Ⅱ诱导人胃癌MGC-803细胞凋亡的体外研究

目的初步探讨重楼皂苷Ⅱ抑制人胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖并诱导其凋亡的作用及机制。方法体外培养人胃癌MGC-803细胞,CCK-8法检测不同浓度的重楼皂苷Ⅱ作用于细胞后其存活率;DAPI染色观察细胞凋亡;AV/PI双染检测细胞凋亡率;比色法检测天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶caspase-3的活性;Western blot法检测Cyt-c的蛋白表达水平。结果与正常对照组相比,重楼皂苷Ⅱ可降低MGC-803细胞的存活率,且呈剂量与时间依赖性;镜下可见细胞核破碎,具有明显凋亡特征,凋亡率随着浓度的增大而增加(P <0.01);细胞内caspase-3的活性增加(P <0.01),Cyt-c蛋白的表达量明显增加(P<0.01)。结论重楼皂苷Ⅱ可明显抑制人胃癌MGC-803细胞的增殖,并诱导细胞发生凋亡。     

重组人p53腺病毒注射液逆转人耐药胃癌MGC-803细胞耐药性的体外试验研究

目的:研究重组人p53腺病毒注射液(rAd-p53)对体外人耐药胃癌MGC-803细胞的逆转作用及其可能的机制。方法:通过紫杉醇由低到高剂量诱导人胃癌MGC-803细胞内多耐药基因表达;不同剂量rAd-p53作用于人耐药胃癌MGC-803细胞不同时间后,MTT法检测细胞增殖抑制率,并计算半数有效抑制浓度(IC50),流式细胞仪检测细胞周期及凋亡情况,免疫组织化学法和蛋白质印迹法测定多药耐药基因mdr1表达蛋白P糖蛋白(MDR1-Pgp)的表达。结果:rAd-p53可明显抑制人耐药胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖,呈时间-剂量依赖关系,作用24、48、72h的IC50分别为1889.85、998.44、354.91MOI;rAd-p53可阻滞人耐药胃癌MGC-803细胞周期于G2/M期并诱导其凋亡,可下调MDR1-Pgp蛋白表达。结论:人耐药胃癌MGC-803细胞的耐药性可能与MDR1-Pgp的高表达有关;rAd-p53可显著抑制人耐药胃癌MGC-803细胞的增殖并诱导耐药细胞凋亡,且呈剂量和时间依赖关系。     

硫酸右旋糖苷对人胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

摘要： 目的 探讨硫酸右旋糖苷 （DS） 对人胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖、 集落形成和凋亡的影响及可能的机制。方法 培养人胃癌MGC-803细胞, 分为对照组 （PBS处理） 和实验组 （0.3%DS处理）; 应用EdU细胞增殖实验检测DS对胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖能力的影响; 平板克隆形成实验检测DS对胃癌MGC-803细胞集落形成能力的影响; AnnexinⅤ-PI双染流式检测细胞凋亡的变化; 蛋白质印迹法 （Western blot） 检测细胞不同时间点 （2、 8、 12、 24 h） EZH2、 Cleaved-caspase3蛋白表达水平。结果 EdU实验结果显示, 与对照组相比, DS明显抑制胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖 （P＜0.01）。平板克隆形成实验结果表明, DS组集落形成能力较对照组显著降低 （P＜0.01）, AnnexinⅤ-PI双染流式结果显示, 实验组细胞凋亡率明显高于对照组 （P＜0.01）; Western blot结果表明, 实验组EZH2的表达较对照组明显下调 （P＜0.05）, Cleaved-caspase3的表达较对照组明显上调 （P＜0.05）。结论 DS能明显抑制人胃癌MGC-803 细胞增殖, 诱导凋亡, 其机制可能与抑制EZH2的表达有关。     

雷酚萜甲醚抑制人胃癌细胞AGS增殖及诱导凋亡作用研究

目的研究雷酚萜甲醚(TME)在体外对人胃癌AGS细胞的增殖抑制和诱导凋亡作用。方法采用MTT法观察TME对人胃癌AGS细胞、正常人胃黏膜上皮细胞GES-1的增殖抑制作用;克隆形成实验观察细胞克隆的形成;光镜下及AO/EB染色观察细胞形态;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡和细胞周期;JC-1染色和DCFH-DA荧光探针分别检测TME对AGS细胞线粒体膜电位的改变和活性氧产生的影响;Western blot检测凋亡蛋白caspase-3、caspase-8和Bcl-2、Bax表达情况,以及caspase广谱抑制剂z-VAD-fmk对caspase-3、caspase-8蛋白表达的影响。结果 TME可明显抑制人胃癌AGS细胞的增殖,并诱导其凋亡,作用48 h时IC50为23.85μmol·L-1,而对正常人胃黏膜上皮细胞GES-1的抑制作用明显低于AGS。TME能够抑制AGS细胞克隆形成,并使细胞出现明显的凋亡形态改变。Annexin V-FITC/PI双染实验表明,随TME剂量的增加,细胞凋亡百分数也增加。JC-1和DCFH-DA结果显示,TME使细胞内线粒体膜电位降低、细胞内活性氧水平增加。Western blot结果显示,TME增加了Bax/Bcl-2的比例,激活caspase-8和caspase-3,并且加入z-VAD-fmk后,caspase-3、caspase-8蛋白的表达降低。TME可使AGS细胞周期阻滞于G0/G1期。结论 TME能抑制人胃癌AGS细胞增殖和诱导凋亡,抗肿瘤作用机制与激活凋亡通路、影响细胞周期及Bcl-2蛋白家族相关。     

新疆家蚕抗菌肽诱导人胃癌细胞AGS凋亡的研究

目的探讨新疆家蚕抗菌肽(cecropin XJ)是否通过诱导人胃癌细胞AGS凋亡产生抗肿瘤的作用。方法选择0.01~1 000 mg·L-1浓度范围内的cecropin XJ与人胃癌细胞AGS和人正常胃上皮细胞GES-1共培养24 h,采用MTT法检测cecropin XJ对AGS细胞和GES-1细胞增殖的影响;透射电镜观察细胞超微结构变化;Hoechst染色观察细胞凋亡情况;流式细胞术检测细胞内活性氧和线粒体膜电位的变化;实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)和Western blot检测Bax、Bcl-2、caspase-3以及细胞色素C mRNA和蛋白水平的表达变化。结果 Cecropin XJ在体外能明显抑制胃癌AGS细胞的增殖(P<0.05),并具有浓度依赖性,IC50值为61.19 mg·L-1,但对GES-1细胞无明显的抑制增殖作用。经cecropin XJ处理24 h后,AGS细胞核固缩,呈现典型细胞凋亡特征,同时细胞内活性氧增加,线粒体膜电位下降。qRT-PCR和Western blot结果表明,cecropin XJ能够引起Bcl-2表达下调,Bax表达上调,促进细胞色素C的释放并活化caspase-3。Cecropin XJ促进caspase-3活性呈剂量依赖,经caspase-3和caspase-9特异性抑制剂处理后可降低cecropin XJ介导的AGS细胞死亡率。结论 Cecropin XJ可通过下调Bcl-2表达,上调Bax表达和活化caspase-3诱导AGS细胞凋亡,是其抗肿瘤机制之一。     

毛萼乙素联合FBXO11基因siRNA对胃癌细胞增殖、迁移侵袭的影响及其机制研究

摘要：目的:探讨毛萼乙素（EriB）联合F-box蛋白11（FBXO11）基因siRNA对胃癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响及其机制。方法:以人胃黏膜上皮细胞GES-1为对照,Western blotting法检测胃癌MGC-803、MKN-28及BGC-823细胞中FBXO11蛋白表达。将FBXO11小干扰RNA（si-FBXO11）转染至MGC-803细胞,Western blotting检测FBXO11蛋白表达验证转染效果。采用0,0.2,0.5,1.0μmol·L-1EriB处理MGC-803细胞48 h,MTT法检测细胞活力。将MGC-803细胞分为空白组、EriB组、siFBXO11组和EriB+si-FBXO11组,MTT检测各组细胞活力,Transwell法检测细胞侵袭和迁移能力,Western blotting检测细胞中增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）、E-钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）和波形蛋白（Vimentin）蛋白表达。结果:与GES-1细胞比较,胃癌MGC-803、MKN-28及BGC-823细胞中FBXO11蛋白表达升高（P<0.05）。与0μmol·L-1EriB组比较,0.2,0.5,1.0μmol·L-1EriB组MGC-803细胞活力降低（P<0.05）。与空白组比较,EriB组和si-FBXO11组MGC-803细胞活力、侵袭数、迁移数及PCNA、Vimentin蛋白表达水平均明显降低（P<0.05）,E-cadherin蛋白表达水平明显升高（P<0.05）。与EriB组或si-FBXO11组比较,EriB+si-FBXO11组MGC-803细胞活力、侵袭数、迁移数及PCNA、Vimentin蛋白表达水平均明显降低（P<0.05）,E-cadherin蛋白表达水平明显升高（P<0.05）。结论:EriB毛萼乙素及抑制FBXO11表达均可降低胃癌MGC-803细胞活力、侵袭和迁移能力,且两者联合作用对胃癌细胞活力、侵袭和迁移能力的抑制作用更强,机制可能与调节PCNA、E-cadherin和Vimentin表达有关。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.