Bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity

Bilateral cleft lip nose deformity is a multi-factorial and complex deformity which tends to aggravate with growth of the child, if not attended surgically. The goals of primary bilateral cleft lip nose surgery are, closure of the nasal floor and sill, lengthening of the columella, repositioning of the alar base, achieving nasal tip projection, repositioning of the lower lateral cartilages, and reorienting the nares from horizontal to oblique position. The multiplicity of procedures in the literature for correction of this deformity alludes to the fact that no single procedure is entirely effective. The timing for surgical intervention and its extent varies considerably. Early surgery on cartilage may adversely affect growth and development; at the same time, allowing the cartilage to grow in an abnormal position and contributing to aggravation of deformity.Some surgeons advocate correction of deformity at an early age. However, others like the cartilages to grow and mature before going in for surgery. With peer pressure also becoming an important consideration during the teens, the current trend is towards early intervention.There is no unanimity in the extent of nasal dissection to be done at the time of primary lip repair. While many perform limited nasal dissection for the fear of growth retardation, others opt for full cartilage correction at the time of primary surgery itself. The value of naso-alveolar moulding (NAM) too is not universally accepted and has now more opponents than proponents. Also most centres in the developing world have neither the personnel nor the facilities for the same. The secondary cleft nasal deformity is variable and is affected by the extent of the original abnormality, any prior surgeries performed and alteration due to nasal growth.This article reviews the currently popular methods for correction of nasal deformity associated with bilateral cleft lip, it''s management both at the time of cleft lip repair and also secondarily, at a later date. It also discusses the practices followed at our centre.     

双侧唇裂鼻畸形手术联合鼻模矫正的初步探讨

目的:探讨唇鼻同期整复术结合术前鼻模矫正对双侧不完全性唇裂鼻畸形的矫治效果。方法:10例在早期行鼻模矫正的唇裂患儿在矫正前(T0)、唇鼻手术术前(T1)、术后1周(T2)、术后半年(T3)分别拍摄面部仰头位照片,用配对t检验分析比较双侧鼻孔及鼻小柱的对称性。结果:T0-T1双侧鼻孔的高度、宽度的对称性差异改变明显(P0.05),T1-T2鼻孔高度的对称性上差异明显(P0.05),T1-T2鼻底宽度/鼻小柱高度差异明显(P0.01),鼻小柱的倾斜度各个阶段之间改善明显(P0.05)。结论:应用唇鼻同期整复术结合鼻模矫治对于双侧不完全性唇裂患者是一种可靠的治疗模式。     

Aesthetic camouflage of bilateral cleft lip scars

Two operative scar lines remain after bilateral cleft lip repair. A method has been devised in which the two scar lines are reduced into one. The characteristics of this method include (1) an inconspicuous scar, (2) elevation of the nasal tip using the prolabium, (3) repair of the whistling deformity, (4) a natural-looking mustache, (5) formation of a pout, and (6) psychological benefits. Good results have been obtained with this method. The disadvantage of this method is the maxillary retardation. However, this does not occur in adults and can be corrected easily in children.Presented at the 7th Congress of Japanese Society of Cleft Palate, July 22, 1983; 29th Congress of Japan Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, June 12, 1986; and 9th Congress of Japan Society of Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery, November 15, 1986     

Aesthetic camouflage of bilateral cleft lip scars: Technical revisions

We have attempted to change the two scar lines of bilateral cleft lip repair into one zigzag scar line. The prolabium is used to push up the columella and the nasal tip. The donor site of the prolabium is closed by transposition of the nasolabial flap. The postoperative scar shows one zigzag line at the center of the lip. This method has many advantages including an inconspicuous scar, repair of the short columella and flat nasal tip, repair of a wide nose, and repair of the whistling deformity.Complications of this method are maxillary retardation, long lip deformity, and keloid formation. However, these can be avoided by modifying the method.     

单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形整复的临床研究

目的:探讨对单侧唇裂鼻畸形的修复和方法选择。方法:以115例单侧唇裂鼻畸形患者为研究对象,针对不同的鼻畸形状况,选择相应的手术方式。以高密度多孔聚乙烯生物材料充填患侧鼻翼基底,弥补上颌骨发育不足;采用悬吊患侧鼻翼,纠正鼻翼塌陷畸形;解剖复位鼻唇肌,矫治鼻翼基底外下方移位及鼻小柱偏斜;矫治鼻中隔偏曲,以纠正鼻下端的歪鼻畸形;术后采用有效的维持措施。结果:术后115例患者的鼻畸形均得到不同程度的改善,随访时间6~12个月,32例植入生物材料的患者,均未发生材料的排异反应。6例患者术后有复发倾向。结论:采用此综合手术方法矫治单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形,效果满意、持久。     

单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的临床整复

目的:对68例单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形整复术的患者进行回顾性分析,探讨鼻畸形整复的最佳治疗方式。方法:以68例唇裂术后鼻畸形患者为研究对象,男性45例,女性23例,年龄7~36岁,平均21.4岁,左侧41例,右侧27例。采用内收鼻翼外角、消除鼻前庭皱褶,鼻翼悬吊、矫正鼻翼塌陷,延长鼻小柱。术后持续戴鼻模3~6月。结果:68例患者开放性鼻畸形整复术后,随访59例(80.23%)共3~36月,术后效果达到优34例,良22例,差3例。无一例创口感染,鼻畸形得到明显改善。结论:单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形的整复治疗,通过对鼻翼软骨、鼻唇软组织等多方面的矫正修复,可明显改善鼻畸形。开放式的鼻畸形整复术是单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形治疗的有效方式。     

单侧唇裂继发歪鼻畸形的整形外科与耳鼻喉科联合手术治疗

目的:探讨单侧唇裂术后继发歪鼻畸形的治疗方法。方法:对2007年1月至2010年4月期间我科收治的单侧唇裂术后继发歪鼻畸形的20例患者,联合应用整形外科鼻骨整形与耳鼻喉科内窥镜下鼻中隔偏曲矫正的方法进行治疗。结果:本组20例患者术后效果满意,歪鼻改善明显。结论:整形外科鼻骨整形与耳鼻喉科内窥镜下鼻中隔偏曲矫正的方法联合应用,可以有效矫正单侧唇裂术后继发歪鼻畸形。     

肌肉复位术矫正单侧唇裂术后鼻底畸形

目的 探讨单侧唇裂术后鼻底畸形矫正的有效手术方法.方法 对2007年8月至2010年8月收治的50例单侧唇裂术后鼻底畸形患者,针对不同的畸形程度,采用鼻底肌肉复位术矫正鼻底畸形,并以肌肉组织充填鼻翼基底,弥补患侧上颌骨发育不足;复位鼻唇肌,以保持两侧肌张力的均衡,恢复鼻翼形态.结果 术后50例患者的鼻畸形均得到很大程度的改善,术后移位的鼻小柱回到正常位置,左右鼻翼根部和鼻底宽度基本对称,鼻翼根部畸形、鼻底过宽、鼻小柱偏斜均得到较明显改善.对患者手术前后的相关数据进行统计检验,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的病因复杂,可通过对易位的鼻孔压肌翼部、降鼻中隔肌复位术,有效地改善畸形.     

三叶瓣修复双侧唇裂术后鼻唇畸形25例分析

目的:通过对双侧唇裂术后鼻唇畸形的分析，探索双侧唇裂术后继发鼻唇畸形矫治的一种理想方法。方法:前唇设计出三叶瓣后，先对移位的组织进行完全游离及复位，再将三叶瓣向鼻小柱方向掀起，延长鼻小柱及抬高鼻底。结果:1999年11月至2002年2月，共矫治双侧唇裂术后继发畸形患者25例，术后三叶瓣血运良好，鼻尖抬起，鼻小柱延长，鼻底外形满意，上唇突度增加。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合，随访2周至18个月，临床效果满意。结论：该手术方法是矫治双侧唇裂术后继发畸形的一种选择术式，本法对前唇较小、上唇松弛的双侧唇裂术后畸形患者有显著疗效。     

Transcolumellar incision for correction of unilateral cleft lip nose

Summary The best way I have found to correct the adult cleft lip nose with marked deformity is to expose the cartilaginous framework and re-align it in improved position. The anterior transcolumellar incision combined with the vestibular extensions is effective. It is important that the cleft side alar cartilage be shifted to the desired position, without any tension in the lateral vestibule, such as frequently results from an oro-nasal fistula. If the cartilaginous framework is correctly realigned, the manipulation of the soft tissue at the anterior nostril margin by elliptical excision or rolling the marginal skin into the vestibule to create the new margin is not necessary in the great majority of cases.Presented in part at the Annual Meeting of the Japanese Association of Plastic Surgeons on April 6, 1979 in Tokyo     

A new method for the correction of secondary unilateral cleft lip nose

Summary In 1982, Dibbell described a procedure to correct this distortion by rotating and advancing the nostril medially and superiorly. We used this method in our department for several years, but as Dibbell himself experienced, we didn't always obtain satisfactory results. Like many authors, I agree that the best approach for proper correction of the secondary unilateral cleft lip nose deformity is the external approach using transcolumellar incisions, because the lower lateral cartilage exposure is inadequate with Dibbell's method. I added the transcolumellar incision similar to Bardach's to solve this problem. In this paper, this combination technique will be presented and contrasted with Dibbell's and Bardach's techniques.     

改良双侧唇裂修复术──延长前唇的唇肌功能整复法

目的：介绍一种新的双侧唇裂修复术延长前唇的唇肌功能整复法。方法：自１９８０年以来应用该法治疗１４６例，详细描述了手术步骤。结果：本法保留了较多的唇部组织，术后唇肌功能恢复较好，前唇延长较多，张力降低，唇弓、唇峰、唇珠形态自然美观。结论：本法定点设计简单、合理，术后静态及功能效果满意，值得推广应用。     

双侧唇裂术后上唇短小畸形的矫正

双侧唇裂尤其是前唇短小型双侧唇裂术后,常伴有鼻、唇部多种继发性畸形。由于前唇组织量异常紧缺,从而使畸形的整复困难重重。为了解决这一难题,探索一种较为理想的手术方法。采用双侧鼻唇沟岛状皮瓣旋转下移以及上唇多个皮瓣转移,对双侧唇裂术后畸形进行一次性手术整复。１９９３年以来,临床应用５例,经随访,均获得满意效果。该术式应用鼻唇沟岛状皮瓣转移,并充分利用一切可以利用的组织,有效地解决前唇组织量紧缺问题,从而使其诸多畸形一次性得到确切的整复成为可能     

新生儿先天性单侧唇裂修复术的临床研究

目的：探讨新生儿单侧唇裂修复的临床治疗效果。方法：选足月健康正常体重单侧唇裂患儿，在出生后48h内行唇裂修复术。对手术效果随访，并与婴幼儿期唇裂修复结果进行比较。结果：新生儿期修复单侧唇裂，效果理想，经3个月至4年随访．唇修复形态的优良率为92．8％，与婴幼儿组相比唇形态优良率无明显差别，但出血少，费用低，住院时间短，家长普遍满意。结论：对先天性单侧唇裂新生儿进行早期修复是安全的，且效果令人满意。     

Our experience with the Cronin and Millard techniques for the treatment of secondary bilateral cleft lip nose

Summary Our experience with the Cronin and Millard techniques for the treatment of the secondary bilateral cleft lip nose has been evaluated by an objective photogrammetric method. The method involved uses measurements from photographs. The statistical analysis has revealed that elongation of columella, narrowing of alar bases, normalization of nasolabial angle and nostril position have been accomplished by both the Cronin and Millard techniques; there was no statistical difference between the two techniques in achieving these corrections.     

改良单侧不完全性唇裂修复术的探讨

目的：探讨改良的单侧不完全性唇裂修复术式及人中嵴形态的修复方法。方法：根据患者两侧唇峰高度差分别选择两种不同的术式,对31例单倒不完全性唇裂患者进行恢复唇峰高度、修复口轮匝肌、重建人中嵴、矫治鼻畸形等方法进行综合修复。结果：分别采用两种术式中的一种修复的31例单侧不完全性唇裂患者上唇、人中嵴形态满意,部分接受鼻畸形矫治的患者,鼻畸形基本矫正,随访6个月～2年效果满意。结论：改良的唇裂修复术式用于单侧不完全性唇裂可取得满意的效果。     

单侧唇裂的个体化修复设计应用

目的：探讨单侧唇裂的临床分型,根据分型制定个体化修复术式,评价手术效果。方法：50例单侧上唇裂患者,平均年龄4.8个月,包括单侧完全性唇裂、单侧不完全性唇裂,根据唇高分为4型,分别对各型应用个体化设计手术方法、制定术后效果评定方法,观察术后近期效果。结果：所有患者手术后近期唇弓、唇红、唇珠恢复好,鼻畸形得到改善。结论：单侧唇裂修复根据临床分型应用个体化唇裂修复设计,手术疗效满意。     

Bilateral reverse U incisions and separately placed columella relaxation incision for correction of bilateral cleft lip nose deformity

The reverse U incision method has been employed for the correction of the unilateral cleft lip nose deformity for more than twenty years with satisfactory results. It has some columella lengthening effect and thus has proved to be useful for the correction of nasal deformities of bilateral cleft lip. To augment its columella lengthening effect a columella relaxation incision is added to the bilateral reverse U incision for the correction of the bilateral cleft lip nose deformity. This results in a reconstructed columella of satisfactory length and width.