腹腔镜下膀胱腰大肌悬吊输尿管再植术处理妇科输尿管损伤的初步研究

目的评价腹腔镜下膀胱腰大肌悬吊输尿管膀胱再植术治疗妇科手术后输尿管远端损伤的有效性及安全性。方法回顾性分析了宿迁市人民医院于2013年6月至2016年6月间行腹腔镜下膀胱腰大肌悬吊输尿管膀胱再植术处理6例妇科手术术后输尿管远端损伤患者。其中患者平均年龄为48岁(24~65岁),左侧输尿管损伤4例,右侧输尿管损伤2例。输尿管损伤与修复之间的平均间隔时间为45 d(3~90 d),体质量指数为25 kg/m~2(20~28 kg/m~2),输尿管平均缺损长度为4 cm(3~7 cm)。结果所有患者手术均经腹腔镜顺利完成,无中转开放。平均手术时间为133 min(90~210 min),平均手术失血量是95 ml(70~150 ml)。术后平均住院8 d(5~11 d),平均随访时间17个月(6~26个月)。患者拔除尿管前均行膀胱造影检查,所有患者无吻合口渗漏。所有患者双J管留置时间均为6周。3个月随访IVU显示患者肾脏积水均部分缓解。结论腹腔镜下膀胱腰大肌悬吊输尿管膀胱再植术治疗妇科手术后输尿管远端损伤安全、有效,可以满足输尿管膀胱无张力吻合,短期随访效果满意。     

腹腔镜输尿管膀胱吻合术:腰大肌悬吊法(附8例报道)

目的:探讨腹腔镜下腰大肌悬吊法输尿管膀胱吻合术的适应证、手术技巧及术后疗效。方法:回顾性分析2010年6月~2014年6月收治的8例输尿管下段较长病变(3~7cm)患者的治疗经验。8例患者均行腹腔镜腰大肌悬吊输尿管膀胱吻合术,术中充分游离输尿管及膀胱,夹闭并离断输尿管,显露腰大肌(或腰小肌肌腱),行膀胱腰大肌悬吊,锚定输尿管外膜于膀胱浆膜层,最后行输尿管膀胱端侧吻合术。结果:8例手术均在腹腔镜下完成,无中转开放,平均手术时间88.1(75~120)min,平均出血量为48.6(10~100)ml,输尿管平均缺损长度为5.2(3~7)cm,术后平均盆腔引流量为47.4(10~85)ml,平均切口拔管时间为4.5(3~6)d,平均尿管拔出时间为6.8(5~8)d,术后平均住院8.1(5~10)d。平均随访16.2(2~51)个月,均无尿漏、吻合口瘘及吻合口狭窄,无肾盂积水、输尿管扩张,无膀胱输尿管反流。结论:腹腔镜腰大肌悬吊法输尿管膀胱吻合术治疗输尿管下段较长(3~10cm)的良性梗阻或狭窄病变可行性高、损伤小、术后恢复快、疗效可靠。腹腔镜腰大肌悬吊法在避免游离上段输尿管的同时,满足无张力、无扭转、无成角再植要求,恢复输尿管的相对延续性,为部分病例提供了可选的方法。     

腹腔镜下乳头植入式输尿管膀胱再植术临床效果观察

目的:观察腹腔镜下乳头植入式输尿管膀胱再植术治疗输尿管下段狭窄及先天性巨输尿管的临床效果。方法:2008年8月~2014年3月对12例输尿管下段狭窄及先天性巨输尿管患者实施腹腔镜下乳头植入式输尿管膀胱再植术。9例为单侧输尿管末端狭窄(左侧5例,右侧4例);3例(4条)为先天性巨输尿管。观察手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、并发症及手术疗效。结果:12例患者均成功完成腹腔镜下乳头植入式输尿管膀胱再植术,手术时间平均136min(58~250min),术中出血量50ml,住院时间5~7d,术后1个月拔除双J管。术后患者腰痛症状即消失,随访3~48个月,B超及IVU提示肾积水消退,排空良好,未再发生狭窄;膀胱造影未见输尿管反流。结论:腹腔镜下乳头植入式输尿管膀胱再植术治疗输尿管末端狭窄及先天性巨输尿管是一种安全、有效的微创治疗方法。     

改良腹腔镜下膀胱腰肌悬吊输尿管再植术治疗输尿管子宫内膜异位症

目的探讨改良腹腔镜下膀胱腰肌悬吊输尿管再植术治疗输尿管子宫内膜异位症的疗效。方法回顾性分析2012年3月至12月收治的6例盆腔子宫内膜异位症合并输尿管子宫内膜异位症的患者,患者年龄24～39岁,术前影像学检查显示5例患者左侧输尿管远端受累,一例患者右侧输尿管远端受累,均导致累及侧上尿路梗阻积水,ECT检查肾功能中到重度受损。腹腔镜下切除盆腔异位子宫内膜组织及受累的输尿管,行改良的膀胱腰肌悬吊输尿管再植术。结果6例患者均取得手术成功,5例患者术后恢复好,1例患者术后由于尿管脱落导致输尿管从膀胱脱出致吻合口漏,于术后3个月重新行开放输尿管膀胱再植术,术后3周痊愈出院。结论改良的腹腔镜下膀胱腰肌悬吊输尿再植术是治疗女性输尿管子宫内膜异位症的一种安全有效的手术方式,短期效果好,远期效果须进～步随访。     

经腹腹腔镜治疗输尿管下段结石35例临床分析

目的总结腹腔镜治疗输尿管下段结石的经验。方法输尿管下段嵌顿性结石患者35例,左侧16例,右侧19例,单侧输尿管多发性结石2例,结石最大直径1.3~2.5 cm,平均直径(1.85±0.50)cm,均采用经腹腔途径完成腹腔镜输尿管切开取术,术中留置输尿管支架管及手术部位引流管,其中5例输尿管下段狭窄,取石并切除狭窄段后施行输尿管膀胱再接术。结果35例输尿管下段结石经腹腹腔镜切开取石和5例兼行输尿管膀胱再植术,全部成功,效果满意。手术时间30~130分钟,平均(65.30±28.14)分钟,术中出血量10~150 ml,平均(40.57±26.51)ml,术后住院时间5~10天,平均(6.92±1.15)天。术后引流管拔除时间2~4天,平均(3.80±1.33)天。术中均未见肠管及邻近脏器损伤,术后未发生感染、漏尿,输尿管膀胱再植术者未出现输尿管反流和输尿管下段再狭窄。结论经腹腔入路腹腔镜输尿管下段切开取石术,结石取净率高,创伤小,恢复快。     

腹腔镜输尿管膀胱再植术

目的探讨腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术治疗输尿管末端狭窄的可行性和疗效。方法全麻下经腹腔途径腹腔镜下采用膀胱外输尿管壁潜行抗返流吻合法行输尿管膀胱再植术,游离输尿管,于梗阻上方切断,膀胱半充盈状态下斜行切开膀胱后侧壁肌层,向两侧分离肌间沟。膨出的膀胱黏膜上做一小切口,在输尿管无明显张力、扭曲情况下,将输尿管与膀胱黏膜间断缝合,间断缝合膀胱肌层并捎带输尿管外膜,将长3~4 cm输尿管末端潜行包埋于肌间沟。结果 9例手术均获成功。手术时间90~135 min,平均112 min;术中出血量30~50 ml,平均40 ml;术中和术后未输血。术后住院时间4~7 d,平均6 d。术后1个月拔除双J管。术中及术后均未发生严重并发症。9例随访3~13个月,平均7个月,B超、静脉肾盂造影和(或)磁共振尿路成像显示无吻合口狭窄,5例肾积水消失,4例肾积水、肾盂分离由术前(19±4)mm下降至术后(11±2)mm,膀胱造影无输尿管返流。结论腹腔镜输尿管膀胱再植手术治疗输尿管末端狭窄可行,具有创伤小、恢复快、近期疗效确切等优点。     

腹腔镜下段输尿管切除膀胱再植术治疗下段输尿管癌8例报告

目的:探讨腹腔镜下输尿管节段性切除膀胱再植术治疗下段输尿管尿路上皮癌的安全性和远期疗效。方法:回顾性分析2011年1月~2014年10月腹腔镜下输尿管节段性切除膀胱再植术治疗下段输尿管癌8例临床和预后资料。结果:8例患者中4例有术前输尿管镜活检病理报告。平均手术时间171.3(120~240)min,术中出血平均103.8(40~250)ml,无输血。平均住院时间7.4(6~9)d。术后有2例患者出现ClavienⅠ~Ⅱ级并发症。患者病理分期分级:pTa期4例,pT1期2例,pT2期1例,pT3期1例。1例患者进行了患侧淋巴清扫未发现淋巴结转移。低级别尿路上皮癌5例,高级别3例。在中位随访时间26.5(12~48)个月中,所有患者均存活,有2例患者出现了肿瘤复发,1例膀胱内复发,1例同侧肾盂内复发,无患者出现吻合口狭窄。结论:腹腔镜输尿管节段性切除膀胱再植术治疗选择性下段输尿管尿路上皮癌技术可行,安全性好,恢复快,短期来看具有良好的肿瘤治疗学疗效。     

螺旋状带蒂膀胱肌瓣输尿管成形术修复全程输尿管损伤的疗效分析(附6例报告)

目的:观察螺旋状带蒂膀胱肌瓣输尿管成形术修复全程或接近全程输尿管损伤的疗效,探讨膀胱肌瓣修复长段输尿管损伤(20cm)的手术方式。方法:回顾性分析6例因输尿管上段结石行输尿管镜下碎石术并发的全程或接近全程输尿管损伤患者的治疗过程:男4例,女2例;年龄37~59岁,平均49岁;左侧4例,右侧2例。其中输尿管黏膜全程撕脱2例,自肾盂至膀胱连接处输尿管完全离断4例;损伤长度21~25cm,平均22cm。6例均采用螺旋状带蒂膀胱肌瓣输尿管成形术。术中注意保护患侧膀胱上动脉的完整性,取瓣要循膀胱上动脉走行裁剪。其中5例术中同行肾脏下降固定术和膀胱腰大肌悬吊术,以缩短患侧肾和膀胱间距,1例切瓣卷管后直接与肾盂端吻合。酌情转移带蒂大网膜组织覆盖重建输尿管。结果:6例手术顺利,手术时间1~2h,平均1.5h。5例成形输尿管旁引流管术后第3天拔除,1例因漏尿于术后第10天拔除。6例切口均一期愈合。术后2周复查血肌酐和尿素氮正常,术后8周在膀胱镜下安全拔除双J管。1例术中未同行肾脏下降固定术和膀胱腰大肌悬吊术的患者术后3个月行静脉尿路造影(IVU)检查,发现重建输尿管明显狭窄且伴肾积水,重新置入双J管行保守治疗,2个月后复查ECT示患侧肾脏功能重度受损,于术后6个月行患肾切除术。1例术后6个月IVU复查时发现手术侧轻度肾积水及输尿管轻度扩张,但总肾功能正常。余4例随访2~4年,未见明显异常,IVU检查显示手术侧成形输尿管形态均正常,显影良好,均未发现明显的膀胱输尿管反流,因膀胱容量缩小导致的下尿路症状(LUTS)不明显。结论:螺旋状带蒂膀胱肌瓣输尿管成形术是长段输尿管损伤修复的理想术式,创伤小,并发症少,恢复快,尤其适用于缺损长度超过20cm乃至全程输尿管损伤的修复治疗,有较高的推广价值。     

腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术治疗医源性输尿管阴道瘘的疗效

目的 总结并分析腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术治疗医源性输尿管阴道瘘的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2014年6月至2018年1月期间我院收治并行腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术的14例输尿管阴道瘘患者资料。年龄27～69岁,平均(44±5)岁。发现阴道漏尿时间为1～29 d,平均12 d。左侧9例(64.3%),右侧5例(35.7%)。本组所有患者术前均行血常规、生化、泌尿系彩超、美蓝实验、静脉泌尿系造影以及CTU检查确诊。结果 本组14例患者手术均成功完成,手术用时100～160 min,平均125 min。术中出血20～100 ml。术后平均3 d拔除腹腔引流管,7～10 d拔除尿管;住院时间9～18 d,平均13 d。术后随访3～24个月,平均13个月,本组全部治愈。术后1例患者出现无痛性肉眼血尿,未行特殊处理嘱多饮水保守治疗后好转(Ⅰ级);2例患者术后出现发热症状,血常规复查提示血白细胞升高,尿常规白细胞升高,予以加强抗感染治疗后好转(Ⅱ级);余患者均无严重并发症(Ⅲ-Ⅴ级)发生。结论 引起输尿管阴道瘘的原因主要为妇产科手术所致,对于输尿管阴道瘘建议早期诊断,条件允许的情况下早期手术治疗,腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术治疗输尿管阴道瘘疗效满意。     

小儿腹腔镜下巨输尿管成形术

目的 探讨小儿腹腔镜下输尿管铲状乳头膀胱再植术的可行性和临床效果.方法采用经膀胱外途径行腹腔镜下输尿管铲状乳头膀胱再植术治疗先天性梗阻性巨输尿管症患儿11例.年龄11个月～13岁,平均(5.3±3.9)岁.左侧4例,右侧7例.其中输尿管出口闭锁1例、单纯性输尿管出口狭窄9例、开放输尿管膀胱再植术后(Cohen手术)输尿管出口狭窄1例.B超和IVU示重度肾积水7例、中度肾积水4例. 结果 11例手术均获成功.手术时间70～190 min,平均(103.O±35.3)min.术中出血10～40 ml,平均(18.0±9.5)ml.术后住院时间7～10 d,平均(8.0±1.4)d.无尿漏发生.术后6周拔除双J管,膀胱镜或输尿管镜下见膀胱输尿管吻合口已黏膜化,乳头收缩抗反流效果满意;11例平均随访6(3～24)个月,B超复查患侧肾积水减轻;IVU示成形输尿管排尿好,无梗阻,症状基本消失;膀胱造影未见膀胱输尿管反流. 结论 在熟练掌握腹腔镜操作技术后,应用经膀胱外途径腹腔镜下输尿管铲状乳头膀胱再植术治疗小儿梗阻性巨输尿管症创伤小、抗反流效果好,是治疗小儿梗阻性巨输尿管症的微创新途径.     

Treatment of distal ureteral stricture by laparoscopic ureterovesical reimplantation

Introductionto analyse the results achieved to treat iliac or pelvic ureteric stricture using laparoscopic reimplantation of the ureter in a psoic bladder.Material and methodin a four-year period, we performed laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation in a psoic bladder in 6 patients (right/left 1:1; male/female 1:2; mean age 59.2 years, range 47-87). In 4 cases the lesion was iatrogenic and in 2 cases idiopathic. Ureteral resection with bladder cuff and cystorraphy followed by ipsilateral lymph node dissection was performed in idiopathic cases or those with history of previous urothelial tumour (4 cases in total) before ureteral reimplantation. Bladder was extensively mobilized and fixed to minor psoas tendon before performing ureteroneocystostomy. Mixed intra and extravesical technique with submucosal tunnel (Politano) was used in a case and in the remaining 5 cases extravesical technique with submucosal tunnel (Goodwin) was used. Mean follow-up was 26 months (range 18-34).Resultsthere was no need to convert to open surgery. Time of surgery was 230 minutes in the case treated with Politano ureteroneocystostomy and 120 (range 75-150) in those treated purely extravesically. The mean hospital stay was 3.2 days (range 2-5). There were no intra or postoperative complications. Histologic assessment always revealed ureteral fibrosis and in 2 cases accompanying granulomatous inflammation and dysplasia. No patient suffered re-stricture or impairment in renal function during follow-up.Conclusionslaparoscopic ureteral reimplantation is an effective and safe minimally invasive technique to treat benign distal stricture of the ureter. Simplicity of extravesical reimplantation has an advantage over its intravesical counterpart.     

腹腔镜治疗宫颈癌术后输尿管阴道瘘的临床体会

目的探讨腹腔镜乳头式输尿管膀胱再植及腹腔镜膀胱肌瓣管输尿管成形术治疗对于保守治疗无效的宫颈癌手术及放疗所致输尿管阴道瘘患者的手术效果及临床价值。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2018年11月徐州医科大学附属医院泌尿外科诊治的15例在外院或我院试行输尿管支架管置入失败的输尿管阴道瘘患者,15例患者均行CT尿路成像、膀胱镜等检查确诊,其中13例行腹腔镜下乳头式输尿管膀胱再植术,另2例因输尿管下段粘连较重无法分离而改行腹腔镜膀胱肌瓣管输尿管成形术,观察指标包括手术时间、出血量及术后并发症。结果 15例患者均行腹腔镜手术成功,无一例改开放或失败,平均手术时间146(95~208)min,出血量110(60~180)ml,术后3个月拔出双J管,随访3~12个月,均未出现漏尿、进展性肾积水等严重并发症。结论腹腔镜手术治疗对于保守治疗无效的输尿管阴道瘘患者疗效确切、安全可靠,创伤小、出血少、恢复快、成功率高,可明显提高患者生活质量,值得临床推广,但需要娴熟的腹腔镜操作技巧及丰富的解剖学经验。     

Combined Boari bladder flap-psoas bladder hitch procedure in ureteral replacement

Uncomplicated injuries to the ureter are commonly treated with end-to-end ureteroureterostomy or reimplantation into the bladder. The Boari bladder flap and the psoas bladder hitch have been used separately when distal ureteral replacement is required. In cases of more extensive ureteral damage extending above the pelvic rim, more complex procedures have been performed. These procedures (transureteroureterostomy, intestinal replacement or renal autotransplantation) often represent a considerable surgical challenge and may be associated with numerous complications. Combining the principles of the psoas bladder hitch and Boari flap affords the clinician a means of traversing extensive ureteral defects with standard surgical techniques. We report herein patients with ureteral damage who have undergone replacement of various lengths of ureter with combined psoas hitch/Boari flap procedures. The technique is suitable for traversing ureteral defects at least to the lower pole of the kidney. An obvious advantage is that the replacement utilizes only normal urinary tract, it does not endanger ipsilateral kidney nor contralateral ureter or kidney and can be employed in patients with decreased renal function. In our experience ureteral replacement with the combination of the psoas bladder hitch and Boari bladder flap is an excellent method which is surgically simpler and safer than the other methods described for more extensive ureteral injuries.     

腹腔镜下输尿管非乳头再植术的临床应用

目的 探讨一种新的输尿管膀胱再植方法--输尿管非乳头再植术的临床效果. 方法 2004年至2006年,收治输尿管末端狭窄合并肾积水患者6例.男1例,女5例,平均年龄41岁.左侧2例,右侧4例.术前均经B超、IVU及逆行尿路造影等检查诊断,输尿管扩张程度均为Ⅴ级.结果 6例患者均全麻下行经腹腔途径腹腔镜手术,游离输尿管至膀胱,近膀胱处结扎并用超声刀剪断输尿管,于膀胱侧后顶部剪开膀胱壁约0.8～1.0 cm,输尿管内置入双J管并固定于输尿管末端,将输尿管拖入膀胱内1.0～1.5 am,4-0可吸收线连续缝合输尿管浆肌层与膀胱壁全层.5例患者平均随访23(12～36)个月,肾输尿管积水完全消失4例,明显好转1例(Ⅰ级);1例失访. 结论 腹腔镜输尿管非乳头再植术简便易行、疗效可靠,适于临床开展.     

Ureteral reimplantation on psoas bladder: long-term results

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate indications and long-term results of ureteral reimplantation with psoas hitch bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1985 and December 1997, we performed psoas-hitch ureteral reimplantation in 18 patients (13 females and 5 males). Mean age was 48 years old. All ureteral injuries involved a pelvic portion of the ureter. The indication was: ureteral injury during gynecological procedures in 5 cases, stricture following open uretero-lithotomy in 3 cases, avulsion of the ureter during ureteroscopy in 1 case, stricture following prior ureteral reimplantation in 3 cases, prostate cancer involving the distal ureter in 1 case, megaureter in 1 case, radiation therapy in 1 case, pelvic and ureteral endometriosis in 3 cases. Treatment consisted to adequate mobilization of the bladder, fixation of the posterolateral corner of the bladder to psoas and ureteral reimplantation with anti-reflux system. In all cases, psoas-hitch ureteral reimplantation has been performed because of an inability to perform end-to-end uretero-ureterostomy or direct uretero-neocystostomy. RESULTS: No complications were observed. At follow-up of 7 months to 12 years (mean 5.7 years) we noticed 13 success (72.4%), 4 improvements (22.2%) and one patient (5.4%) was lost at follow-up. No nephrectomy was done. CONCLUSION: Psoas-hitch bladder ureteral reimplantation is simple, effective and a first-line procedure for the replacement of the long defects of the lower ureter.     

Symptomatic bladder or ureteral endometriosis: report of 8 cases and review of the literature

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the symptoms of bladder and ureteral endometriosis and to review the treatment approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective studyover the period November 1989-July 2000. We reviewed the medical data of all women with bladder or utereral endometriosis who underwent a major surgery (ureteral reimplementation on psoas bladder, partial resection of the ureter, partial cystectomy). RESULTS: Eight women met the defined selection criterion, three with bladder injuryand five with ureteral injury. The only adverse postoperative complication was a passive ureteral reflux following ureteral reimplementation on psoas bladder. No recurrence on the urinary tract were reported. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment is indicated for patient suffering from symptomatic bladder or ureteral endometriosis. Isolated bladder injuries due to endometriosis are mostly treated by laparoscopic surgery. Ureteral endometriosis may deteriorate the renal function. The initial step of the treatment may include an uterolysis by coelioscopy or an ureteral dilatation by ureteroscopy together with a medical treatment. The renal function must be closely monitored. In case of persistent or recurrent endometriosis, an ureteral resection would be justified.     

腹腔镜“漂浮法”输尿管膀胱再植的临床应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜"漂浮法"输尿管膀胱再植术的手术技巧和临床效果.方法:应用腹腔镜"漂浮法"输尿管膀胱再植术治疗7例输尿管下段梗阻患者.结果:全麻下经腹腔途径腹腔镜手术,游离输尿管,于梗阻上方切断,膀胱半充盈状态下侧后顶壁切开0.5～0.8 cm.将输尿管内置双J管.拖入膀胱1.0～1.5 cm,以可吸收线间断吻合输尿管浆肌层和膀胱全层.随访1.5～8.0个月,患肾积水消失.结论:改进后的腹腔镜下"漂浮法"输尿管膀胱再植术简便易行,效果可靠,易于临床应用推广.     

Robot-assisted laparoscopic distal ureterectomy and ureteral reimplantation with psoas hitch

For midureteral and distal-ureteral tumors not amenable to endoscopic resection, distal ureterectomy with ureteral reimplantation is a treatment option. When ureteral length is insufficient for direct reimplantation, additional length can be gained with either a psoas hitch or a Boari flap. We describe our technique for robot-assisted laparoscopic distal ureterectomy and ureteral reimplantation with psoas hitch.     

选择性应用保留肾脏术式治疗原发性输尿管癌

目的探讨在输尿管癌患者中选择性应用保留肾脏术式的可行性及其疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2004年5月至2012年5月应用保留。肾脏术式治疗原发性输尿管癌13例患者资料,其中男性7例,女性6例,年龄43～76岁,平均63．4岁。病变位于左侧5例,右侧7例,双侧1例。肿瘤位于输尿管中段1例,下段12例。所有患者均经手术治疗,术后随访通过患者定期门诊复查及电话随访完成。结果13例患者中行输尿管肿瘤切除＋输尿管端端吻合术4例,输尿管末端及膀胱袖套状切除＋输尿管膀胱再植术8例,1例双侧输尿管癌患者行左侧输尿管肿瘤切除＋输尿管端端吻合和右侧输尿管末端及膀胱袖套状切除＋右侧输尿管膀胱再植术。所有手术均未出现尿漏、出血等严重的并发症。肿瘤标本最大直径为0．6～1．9cm,平均1．7cm,病理均提示为尿路上皮癌,其中T1G1期6例,T2G1期2例,T1G2期2例,T2G2期1例,T1G3期2例。术后13例患者随访时间1～6年,平均随访时间3．5年。双侧输尿管癌患者术后9个月复查输尿管镜时发现左侧输尿管端端吻合处肿瘤复发,术中使用钬激光烧灼肿瘤,目前密切随访中;1例高级别尿路上皮癌患者死于肿瘤全身多发性转移;1例患者死于脑梗塞;其余患者目前均无复发征象。结论对于肿瘤分期和分级较低、体积较小和位于输尿管中下段的输尿管癌患者,保留肾脏术式是可以选择的手术方式,特别适合不能耐受较大手术、慢性肾功能不全、孤立肾或双侧输尿管癌患者。