纤维织物中挥发性有机化合物残留测定

纤维织物中挥发性有机物（VOW）残留的持续释放在纺织品生命周期会持续地透过供应链、产品流和服务方式对环境产生不良影响，引发的环境问题和健康安全已引起公众的关注。欧盟2002／371／EC生态标签（Eco—label）和国际纺织品生态研究和检验协会的Oeko—Tex Association）生态纺织品Oko-Tex（International Association for Resea roh and Testing in the Field of Textile Ecology，标准100已对VOGs在纺织品生产和制造中的使用和释放进行了限制。     

基于垃圾分类的废旧纺织品的单独回收对深圳市生活垃圾处理的碳足迹影响分析

采用生命周期评价方法对比深圳市生活源的废旧纺织品混合生活垃圾处理传统方式和即将实施的基于垃圾分类的单独回收处理2种模式的碳足迹(环境碳排放量)。结果表明:每种模式的1 t处理或回收中,废旧纺织品混合生活垃圾填埋处理环境碳排放为1 478.05 kg,废旧纺织品混合生活垃圾焚烧处理环境碳排放为342.97 kg,废旧纺织品单独回收利用环境碳排放为221.31 kg。按照目前深圳市生活垃圾处理权重进行分配,可得深圳市处理1 t生活垃圾整个生命周期过程中环境碳排放为797.70 kg,预期实施的废旧纺织品单独回收利用的生活垃圾处理生命周期环境碳排放为754.24 kg。     

干洗服装店中有害物质控制研究现状

产品的环境因素正成为衡量其内在品质和服务水准的重要指标〔1〕,干洗溶剂的安全性和循环使用中的处理排放已开始成为评价干洗行业可持续发展与繁荣的关键〔2〕。干洗溶剂和洗涤工艺过程的选择不仅需要满足相应的环境规范 ,溶剂的回收利用也成为绿色干洗追求的目标 ,即干洗服装不得含有对人体和环境造成伤害的有毒、有害物质 ,不得存在潜在的、可能对人体或其他物体造成伤害的因素〔3〕。绿色消费将原先意识到的生产生态学概念延伸到用户生态学和产品的处理生态学 ,提醒使用者关心产品使用过程的健康影响和环境问题。而干洗服装店是使用干洗…     

四氯乙烯对小鼠的行为畸胎毒性研究

四氯乙烯作为一种有机去脂溶剂,广泛应用于干洗行业,纺织品加工、金属清洗及化工合成过程,鉴于目前四氯化烯在其应用行业中使用规模的扩大,其潜在危害日益引起人们重视,四氯乙烯在毒理学和流行     

干洗溶剂残留的安全评价与限量控制

干洗服务的环境无害技术溶剂和溶剂残留的安全评价体现了绿色消费所关注的社会环境权益，通过生命周期评价管理与清洁生产技术相融合，将污染预防和治理贯穿于整个生产过程和消费过程，为洗衣业提供了一种摆脱使用有毒溶剂带来的健康、环境和社会责任问题的有效途径。     

洗衣店四氯乙烯的危害与控制

正确评价干洗剂对人体的毒副作用 ,合理地设定干洗过程挥发性有害物质的残留限量 ,是开发绿色干洗服务的先决条件。只有在充分保证环境安全的前提下 ,通过逐步推行无公害化学清洁产品来规范企业的环境行为 ,才能最终实现干洗业的可持续发展     

干洗行业的职业危害

近年来,随着社会经济的迅猛发展,人民生活水平的日益提高,人们的衣、食、住、行得到很大改善。多样化、高档次的织物如高级呢绒、毛料及毛混纺品的大衣、制服、毛衣裤和毛毯、纺织品及高级化纤服装等已逐渐为普通人所接受,干洗服务也随之骤增,从业人员不断增加。加强他们职业危害的认识并进一步采取预防措施具有相当重要的意义。干洗即利用干洗剂(有机溶剂)洗涤衣物的方法。目前绝大多数干洗店所用干洗剂为四氯乙烯     

干洗店作业环境中四氯乙烯监测分析

随着人民生活水平的逐步提高,干洗行业越来越受到百姓的欢迎,给市民生活带来了许多便利。但伴随而来的干洗行业中存在的职业危害也日趋严重,为使干洗行业的操作人员和准备从事这项行业的人员,更好地了解职业危害因素对人体的影响,保障他们自身的身心健康,我们对西宁市干洗行业的作业环境做了初步的现场环境监测,其结果不容乐现。 干洗行业从业人员专业素质普遍较差,对存在的职业危害因素——四氯乙烯(C_2Cl_4)一无所知,无任何防护意识和措施,其环境简陋,营业面积窄小,大多数干洗店没有任何通风排毒设施,只靠单一的自然排风,试剂的回收设备较差,密闭性不好。更为严重的是,许多从业人员吃住在作业现场,休息在作业场     

干洗业洗涤剂四氯乙烯的环境污染及其对健康的影响

本文系根据日本学者对横宾市以四氯乙烯(TCE)为洗涤剂的五个干洗场、洗涤剂对环境居室和寝室的污染及其对健康影响的报告所做的简述。目的在于本国的同行们对我国蓬勃发展的干洗业的卫生学问题给予关注。     

合肥市干洗作业环境空气中四氯乙烯含量的调查

随着科技的不断进步,服装面料不断出新,对洗涤的要求也越来越高,干洗业因而得以迅速发展.但作为干洗剂主要成分的四氯乙烯(perchloroethylene, PCE)对人体有一定的毒副作用,慢性中毒可引起功能性中枢神经系统抑制以及对肝、肾、心脏和皮肤的毒作用;急性中毒可使人昏迷,严重时可致死[1].我们对合肥市具有代表性的三家大型干洗店进行了现场采样调查,以了解干洗从业人员所处的工作环境中四氯乙烯的含量情况.     

生活日用品引起皮肤不良反应的调查研究

为了解生活日用品对皮肤产品的不良作用，以及为制订生活日用品的卫生标准提供依据，通过个案病历调查对７１例生活日用品引起的皮肤疾患病例分析，其中１例为刺激性接触性皮炎，７０例为变应性接触性皮炎。女性占７８．９％，高于男性，此与妇女从事家务劳动、佩戴首饰较多有关。引起病变的前４位生活日用品为洗涤剂、金属制品、橡胶制品、纺织品。引起病变的原因可能与生活日用品中含有的变应原和刺激物以及皮肤接触程度、部位有关     

Disinfection of fabrics and carpets artificially contaminated with calicivirus: relevance in institutional and healthcare centres

Fabrics and carpets are used widely as surface coverings or linens in healthcare settings and are prone to contamination with infectious agents such as noroviruses (NoVs). Laundering, water cleaning and vacuuming are considered to be adequate for routine cleaning of these materials, but no standard procedure for their disinfection is available in case of contamination. Testing disinfectants for their efficacy against NoVs is difficult because these viruses cannot be cultivated in vitro. Therefore, feline calicivirus (FCV) has gained acceptance as a surrogate model for NoVs in disinfectant efficacy testing. The present study evaluated five disinfectants against FCV on various fabrics or carpets. FCV was dried on fabrics and carpets, followed by treatment with a given disinfectant for a defined contact time of 1, 5 or 10 min. The surviving virus was then eluted and titrated in Crandell-Reese feline kidney cells to determine virus inactivation. A disinfectant was considered to be effective if it inactivated at least 99% of the applied virus. Metricide, an activated dialdehyde-based product, was found to be the most effective disinfectant on all types of fabric and carpet, inactivating more than 99.99% of the virus in 1-10 min. In general, effectiveness of disinfectants increased with an increase in exposure time from 1 to 10 min. The disinfection of carpets was more difficult than the disinfection of fabrics; 100% polyester was the least amenable to disinfection. Only Metricide and Microbac-II (a phenolic compound) were able to inactivate 99% of FCV on 100% polyester. In summary, activated dialdehyde was found to be uniformly active against FCV on all types of material tested.     

浅析北京市海淀区重点道路清扫保洁工艺组合和人员车辆计算方法

介绍了北京市海淀区重点道路清扫保洁工艺组合,分析在住建部环境卫生劳动定额条件下,海淀区重点道路清扫保洁现行工艺组合需求的人员和车辆计算方法.     

不同清洗方式清洗消毒简易呼吸气囊的效果观察

目的:探讨全自动清洗消毒机配合自制简易呼吸气囊清洗架在消毒供应中心集中清洗效果,为实际应用提供参考依据.方法:将2020年10月～2021年10月本院消毒供应中心纯手工清洗与全自动清洗消毒机清洗简易呼吸气囊各65例,分别对各呼气阀、球形气囊抽样检测,对比细菌检测数量.结果:两组简易呼吸气囊在清洗前、后的菌落计数和细菌清...     

三丁基锡诱导细胞凋亡的机制

三丁基锡（TBT）的大量使用造成了严重的环境污染,从而给人类以及其他生物带来了很大的危害。作为一种细胞毒性化学物,诱发细胞凋亡是TBT作用于细胞的一种重要方式。该文主要综述了低浓度TBT诱发细胞凋亡的机制。     

荧光标记法结合反馈培训对医院环境清洁效果的影响

目的了解某院环境清洁消毒情况,评价荧光标记法结合反馈培训对环境清洁效果的影响。方法全院27个科室,每个科室抽取1名保洁员和2例住院患者,对保洁人员环境物体表面清洁消毒知识知晓和住院患者病区清洁情况进行调查,采用荧光标记法检测环境清洁效果,将调查结果及时反馈临床,并组织相关清洁消毒知识培训,比较培训前后环境物体表面的有效清洁率。结果共调查27名保洁员,其中清洁频次回答正确率为96.30%,分区概念知晓率为96.30%,清洁顺序正确率为92.59%,清洁后洁具消毒剂浸泡时间正确率为85.19%,更换抹布正确率为81.48%,抹布干燥率为48.15%,重复浸泡率为25.93%,消毒剂配置方法正确率和拖把干燥率均为0。调查54例患者,28例患者所住科室清洁频率为:床单元1~2次/d,地面1~2次/d;8例患者住院后床单元未擦过;9个科室18例患者与同一科室的患者回答完全不一致,无法统计。培训前后环境物体表面的有效清洁率分别为34.62%、64.96%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=21.81,P0.01)。结论荧光标记法结合反馈培训能够改善医院环境物体表面的清洁消毒效果。     

室内装修危险因素对装修工人影响研究

目的了解室内装修工人作业的卫生情况及其对工人健康影响,提出相应的防治措施。方法根据工作场所有害因素的监测方法,检测工人作业岗位中的苯、甲苯、二甲苯、甲醛、粉尘和噪声。对工人进行问卷调查及体格检查。结果装修工人从事的作业环境并不理想,各种岗位的有害因素都有超出国家卫生限值的现象。工人因长时间的接触有害危险因素,而产生的相应的临床症状。结论造成超出国家卫生限值主要原因是装饰材料质量的问题。只有保证装修产品合格、环保,同时加强对工人的健康教育,提高劳动者的自我防护意识,佩戴相应的防护用品,才能保障室内装修工人作业的安全。     

Microbiological conditions of hospital beds before and after terminal cleaning

INTRODUCTION: The hospital's environment keeps a close relationship with hospital infection, which may promote focus of contact and transmission. The terminal cleaning of patient unit represents one way to control microbiological environmental contamination. The study has as its main objective to evaluate the microbiological conditions of hospital mattresses before and after cleaning. METHODS: Rodac plates were utilized for specimen collection with culture medium - blood agar plate. The patients beds were chosen by criteria established before hand and the places for specimen collection in the mattress were chosen by aleatory drawing. To the study of numerical alteration related to the positivity of plates before and after cleaning, Goodman' statistics tests were used. RESULTS: From 52 mattress investigated, 520 culture plates were done from which 514 (98,8%) had a positive culture, 259 before cleaning and 255 after cleaning showing a reduction of positive cultures in only 4 plates after cleaning. CONCLUSIONS: The number of plates with countable and countless colonies suggests that the cleaning, as it is done, instead of reducing the microorganism is dislocating it to other areas of the mattress keeping the microbiological condition as it was before the cleaning process.     

Lack of enhanced effect of a chlorine dioxide-based cleaning regimen on environmental contamination with Clostridium difficile spores

Spores of Clostridium difficile may play a significant role in transmission of disease within the healthcare environment and are resistant to a variety of detergents and cleaning fluids. A range of environmental cleaning agents has recently become available, many of which claim to be sporicidal. We investigated the effect of changing to a chlorine dioxide-based cleaning regimen on C.?difficile environmental contamination and patient infection rates. The prevalence of environmental contamination was unaffected with a rate of 8% (9/120) before and 8% (17/212) following the change. Rates of patient infection were also unchanged during these periods.