下腔静脉重复畸形（附9例报告）

上腔静脉重复畸形是一种罕见的先天性血管发育变异。本文报道９例，对其胚胎发育过程中的形成机制、ＣＴ表现、诊断及鉴别诊断进行了分析和讨论，并提出了对下腔静脉畸形的分型标准。     

Duplication of the gallbladder. A rare anomaly, more often a diagnostic error (author's transl)]

A case of true duplication of the gallbladder and three cases with roentgen signs simulating duplication are reported. In true duplication the diagnosis was made by routine cholecystography which showed a double gallbladder with ductular shape. In three cases the cause for an incorrect diagnosis by cholecystography were an ampullary right renal pelvis visualized by heterotopic renal excretion of the contrast medium, a short loop of the first and second part of the duodenum and a diverticulum at the outer border of the duodenum.     

Asymptomatic true gallbladder duplication: a case report and review of the literature

Gallbladder duplication is a rare event, with an incidence at autopsy of about 1/4000, with very few documented symptomatic cases reported. Preoperative diagnosis and differentiation of this malformation are important to prevent inadvertent damage to the biliary system, a complicated postoperative course, and repeat surgery. We present a case of true gallbladder duplication found incidentally during abdominal ultrasonography (US). The diagnosis was made with US and the Y-type duplication was demonstrated with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP).     

An unusual case of tubular rectal duplication mimicking teratoma recurrence and review of the literature

Rectal duplications are extremely rare anomalies and hardly ever encounter in clinic setting. Most of the reported cases were centralized to clonic malformation with cystic type. We present an unusual case of tubular rectal duplication with a big fecalith inside the lumen exhibiting as a teratoma in the presacrococcygeal space. Genitourinary and vertebral anomalies were also found in this patient. A rectal anterior resection was performed along with the rectal duplication. This case shows that the diagnosis of rectal duplication is difficult and can be confused with other diseases. An alert of this rare situation can lead to accurate diagnosis and refined resection procedure.     

Sonographic pitfalls in the diagnosis of enteric duplication cysts

OBJECTIVE: The sonographic double wall sign has been well described in the literature and is often the cornerstone in suggesting the diagnosis of an enteric duplication cyst. We report two cases with this sign that were erroneously diagnosed as enteric cysts and a third case without this sonographic feature that proved to be a duplication cyst. Histologic analysis of the specimens helps explain the cause of the sonographic pitfalls. CONCLUSION: The potential sonographic visualization of the split hypoechoic muscularis propria layer or identification of all five layers will increase the specificity in making the sonographic diagnosis of duplication cyst.     

Diagnosis of tubular colonic duplication by barium follow-through study

Barium enema studies are considered essential for the diagnosis of tubular colonic duplication with opacification of two colons being the diagnostic sign. Yet in certain cases, barium enema apparently does not show positive findings. A case is reported in which a barium follow-through study established the complete diagnosis of duplication of colon and terminal ileum. The findings were confirmed on laparotomy.     

Two unusual duplication anomalies of the urinary tract: use of percutaneous urography

We performed suprapubic percutaneous urography in two patients to diagnose unusual duplication anomalies of the urinary tract, since preoperative diagnosis was unclear after routine noninvasive studies. In both patients standard suprapubic puncture technique was employed. The procedure was used to confirm the diagnosis of duplication of the bladder in one case and to establish the site of origin of a ureterocele in the other. The technique employed in suprapubic cystography may be extended to the diagnosis of unusual cystic abnormalities in the pelvis that may be of urinary tract origin.     

Distinctive CT-findings of unusual mesenteric cysts

The CT findings of a noncommunicating duplication cyst associated with the large intestine and a chylous cyst of the mesentery are presented. Although these are rare entities, CT findings may suggest the diagnosis by demonstrating peristaltic movement in a duplication cyst and a fat-fluid interface in a chylous cyst.     

Jejunal duplication cyst displaying peristalsis and a five-layered appearance of the wall: a preoperative ultrasound diagnosis

A case of preoperatively diagnosed jejunal duplication cyst displaying the characteristic five-layered appearance of the gastrointestinal tract wall and peristaltic activity is reported. Both these rare features allowed a specific diagnosis of enteric duplication to be made.     

Blind-ending branch of a trifid ureter

A case of blind-ending ureteral duplication associated with ipsilateral incomplete ureteral duplication is presented. The pathogenesis, radiologic diagnosis, and characteristics of blind-ending ureteral duplications are discussed briefly.     

Blind-Ending branch of a trifid ureter

A case of blind-ending ureteral duplication associated with ipsilateral incomplete ureteral duplication is presented. The pathogenesis, radiologic diagnosis, and characteristics of blindending ureteral duplications are discussed briefly.     

输尿管囊肿影像学诊断价值(附18例分析)

目的：探讨输尿管囊肿影像学诊断的价值。方法：应用B超、CT、静脉尿路造影(IVU)综合检查，诊断18例输尿管囊肿合并重肾双输尿管畸形，并与手术结果进行对比。结果：B超、CT、IVU均诊断18例为输尿管囊肿。其中，B超均可显示囊肿大小及变化；CT诊断14例膀胱内外均呈囊性扩张，4例仅膀胱内输尿管囊性扩张，18例合并上肾积水，及重肾、双输尿管畸形。IVU诊断12例上肾积水，9例明确为重肾双输尿管畸形。结论：输尿管囊肿需经B超、CT、IVU联合诊断明确是否合并肾畸形及囊肿的分型，指导治疗方案的制定。     

核素显像诊断小肠重复畸形一例

肠重复畸形是少见的先天性疾病,临床表现无特异性,术前诊断困难,以往辅助检查多采用消化道造影、超声、CT等。笔者通过一例99TcmO₄-异位胃黏膜显像诊断小肠重复畸形的病例并文献复习,旨在强调核素显像具有简单易行、灵敏度高的优点,可供临床作为诊断肠重复畸形的选择,对小儿下消化道出血病因的寻查有重大意义。     

Two unusual duplication anomalies of the urinary tract: Use of percutaneous urography

We performed suprapubic percutaneous urography in two patients to diagnose unusual duplication anomalies of the urinary tract, since preoperative diagnosis was unclear after routine noninvasive studies. In both patients standard suprapublic puncture technique was employed. The procedure was used to confirm the diagnosis of duplication of the bladder in one case and to establish the site of origin of a ureterocele in the other. The technique employed in suprapublic cystography may be extended to the diagnosis of unusual cystic abnormalities in the pelvis that may be of urinary tract origin.     

儿童胃重复畸形的影像学表现

目的 分析儿童胃重复畸形的临床表现、影像特征及鉴别诊断要点,提高对该病的认识和影像学诊断水平。方法 回顾性分析5例经手术病理证实的儿童胃重复畸形的临床及影像学表现。采用CT及MRI观察病变的数量、位置、形态、密度或信号特点、与胃壁的关系、病变周围情况及强化特点等;上胃肠道造影动态观察胃肠道形态、走行、肠管蠕动、管腔充盈情况和对比剂通过情况,以及是否存在梗阻及充盈缺损等异常征象。结果 2例无症状者于平扫CT和MRI上表现为与邻近胃壁紧密连接的单发类圆形囊性肿物,囊壁较薄,边界清晰;3例有症状者平扫CT显示病变囊壁增厚,边界不清,所有病变囊壁均未见钙化。5例CT增强检查均显示囊壁强化而囊内无强化;上胃肠道造影显示,腔内型病变表现为胃窦部巨大充盈缺损并胃出口梗阻,腔外型病变对胃壁形成了外压性切迹。结论儿童胃重复畸形是临床少见的胃肠道先天性畸形,临床表现多变且特异性较差,影像学表现具有一定特征,术前全面的影像学检查有助于临床诊断和治疗。     

Duplication of the extrahepatic bile duct with anomalous union of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system revealed by MR cholangiopancreatography

MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is a valuable, non-invasive tool for accurate examination of the biliary system. We report a case in which MRCP played a critical role in the diagnosis of a duplication of the extrahepatic bile duct with anomalous union of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system in a patient with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. This variant of a duplication of the extrahepatic biliary system has not been described previously in the literature.     

肾重复畸形的CT诊断价值及与IVP、B超的比较

目的：提高肾重复畸形的影像学诊断水平。材料和方法：对12例经手术证实的肾重复畸形的CT、IVP和B超表现进行回顾性分析。结果：CT对全部6只积水型肾作出诊断，而9只发育型肾中5只作出诊断，2例发育不全型中1例作出诊断。B超的诊断结果与CT相似。IVP对全部9只发育型肾作出诊断，明显优于CT和B超。而对积水型主要依赖下极肾盂的位置和形态改变，对发育不全型无诊断价值。结论：对肾重复畸形的影像学诊断，单项检查容易漏诊，两种以上检查方法结合进行能明显提高诊断准确率。     

CT demonstration of an unusual enteric duplication cyst

A case of an unusual noncommunicating duplication cyst in an adult is described in which CT allowed a conclusive preoperative diagnosis.     

Gallbladder duplication: diagnosis using cholecystography and ultrasonography

Duplication of the gallbladder is a rare congenital anomaly. Preoperative diagnosis is sometimes difficult. We report the imaging findings of two cases of gallbladder duplication. Cholecystography and sonography are complementary for this diagnosis.     

Duplication of the kidney: A potential diagnostic pitfall

Nine patients with marked vesicoureteral reflux into a contracted, pyelonephritic kidney were found at time of surgery to have complete duplication of the affected side. Eight of them also had an ectopic ureterocele. The radiological diagnosis of duplication was virtually impossible as all these kidneys showed reflux nephropathy and were smaller than the contralateral kidney. The surgical management is briefly outlined.