关注甲型H1N1流感

2009年3月在墨西哥出现一种新型流感病毒,因这种新型流感病毒与北美猪流感病毒基因节段极其相似,曾被称为"猪流感",后由世界卫生组织、联合国粮农组织和世界动物卫生组织将其更名为2009 A(H1N1)流感,我国相应命名为甲型H1N1流感.这次疫情可谓"来势汹汹",在不到1个月的时间内迅速蔓延到全球,其传播速度之快前所未有.     

甲型H1N1流感的研究进展

甲型H1N1流感病毒是人流感病毒基因、禽流感病毒基因和猪流感病毒基因混合的重配株,其造成的疫情来势凶猛,引起世界各国的广泛关注.为了早发现、早诊断、早治疗及有效地预防甲型H1N1流感,本文综述了甲型H1N1流感病毒的特点、流行病学、致人发病的机制、甲型H1N1流感患者的临床表现、实验室检查及有效的治疗和预防措施.     

新生儿甲型H1N1流感一例

患儿男,24天,因"发热4天"入院。患儿受凉后出现发热,最高体温38.9℃,伴吐沫,无咳嗽、抽搐等,胸部X线片示:右肺野可见弥漫分布片状影。心肌酶:CK99IU/L,CK-MB30IU/L。予静脉输注头孢噻肟钠、三磷酸腺苷、辅酶A治疗,患儿仍发     

45例儿童甲型H1N1流感临床分析

<正>甲型H1N1流感系一种新发传染病,2009年3月在墨西哥出现并蔓延,截止至2009年12月中旬,我国甲型H1N1流感确诊病例已超过11万例,死亡人数超过400例[1],期间全国的部分地区在学校出现了聚集性疫情,由于儿童免疫力相对较弱,易成为     

110例儿童甲型H1N1流感临床分析

<正>2009年3月,甲型H1N1流感在墨西哥爆发,随后迅速在全球蔓延,该疾病在不同流行地区临床特点各有不同。我院2009年11～12月共确诊甲型H1N1流感610例,感染科收住院治疗110例,其中重症46例(占住院患儿的41.8%),均治愈出院。现将其临床特点总结分析如下。     

儿童2009甲型H1N1流感相关神经系统并发症报道

报道儿童2009甲流H1N1流感相关神经系统并发症的临床特征。方法　对深圳市儿童医院2009 - 11 - 04 - 2010 - 01 - 19因2009甲型H1N1流感住院,并发神经系统并发症的21例患儿进行前瞻性调研,对其临床特征及转归进行总结。结果　在150例儿童危重症2009甲型H1N1流感住院患儿中,神经系统并发症的发生率为14.0%（21/150）,其中脑病18例（85.7%）,惊厥2例（9.5%）,脑炎1例（4.7%）。男14例,女7例;年龄中位数为5岁。12例（57%）入住ICU监护,6例（28.5%）接受气管插管及机械通气。17例80.9%）痊愈出院,1例仍在住院,3例（14%）死于脑病。结论　2009甲型H1N1流感相关神经系统并发症发生率高,严重脑病患儿可以导致死亡。随着2009甲型H1N1流感的流行,这一结果应该引起广泛关注。     

2009甲型H1N1流感研究进展

2009年3月在墨西哥出现了一种新型甲型H1N1流感病毒,这是一个四源重排的A型流感病毒:来源于猪流感病毒、禽流感病毒及人流感病毒.其临床特点与季节性流感相似,但重症病例可发生在无基础疾病的青壮年人,这与季节性流感不同,其高危人群为患有基础疾病者、孕妇及肥胖者.尽管已经出现了耐药毒株,但奥司他韦治疗仍然有效.该文主要对2009年流行的甲型H1N1流感病毒的基因特点、临床表现及治疗的最新进展进行综述.     

儿童甲型H1N1流感临床特点

<正>甲型H1N1流感是由流感病毒H1N1亚型引起的急性呼吸道传染病。其临床特点与流感病毒的亚型及其变异有关,也与人体的免疫状况和当时的流行情况有关。2009年3月北美发生猪流感,世界卫生组织于2009-04-30宣布不再使用猪流感一词,开始使用甲型H1N1流感。它具有起病急、传染性强、流行广泛、传播迅速的特点。儿童感     

儿童甲型H1N1流感12例分析

目的 了解儿童甲型H1N1流感的特点.方法 回顾分析2009年5月1日至2009年7月15日复旦大学附属儿科医院发热门诊及病房诊治的12例甲型H1N1流感的流行特征及临床特点;采取患儿鼻咽拭子标本,冰壶保存立即送上海市疾病预防控制中心,采用实时逆转录核酸扩增聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)进行甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸检测.结果 12例儿童甲型H1N1流感均为输入性病例,5例患儿有明确的甲型H1N1流感患者密切接触史.12例有发热症状,有咳嗽、流涕、食欲不佳症状的各为7例,1例有喘息症状,所有病例均无呕吐和腹泻.11例能准确表述自身感受的患儿中,均无肌肉酸痛,6例有咽痛,3例有腹痛.2例患儿并发肺炎,其中1例患儿病情危重.1例患儿居家隔离对症治疗,11例患儿住院治疗,均参照中国国家卫生部颁布的<甲型HINI流感诊疗方案(2009年试行版第一版)>进行治疗,其中10例息儿接受奥斯他韦抗病毒治疗,未见明显不良反应,所有患儿均痊愈.结论 儿童甲型H1N1流感的症状主要表现为典型的流感症状,大部分患儿临床过程轻微,及时隔离和治疗预后良好,奥斯他韦抗病毒治疗无明显副作用.儿童甲型H1N1流感的流行特征及临床特点尚需要多地区大样本的研究资料.     

6例急性白血病患儿并发重症甲型H1N1流感的临床和胸部CT表现特点

目的 探讨急性白血病患儿并发重症甲型H1N1流感的临床和胸部CT表现特点.方法 分析6例急性白血病患儿经流行病学、临床、实验室和影像学检查确诊并发重症甲型H1N1流感的临床资料和胸部CT表现.结果 6例患儿入院前虽无明确的甲型H1N1流感密切接触史,但发生在同一时间段、同一病区住院期间,发热为首发症状,5例体温在39....     

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) has not been described earlier in the context of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection, although certain populations are thought to be at risk for complicated pandemic influenza A disease. Here, we report the second case of HLH after infection with the influenza A H1N1 virus treated with peroral oseltamivir successfully.     

A child with avian influenza A (H5N1) infection

Human infections with avian influenza viruses can be severe and may be harbingers of the evolution of a pandemic strain. We present a patient in Thailand who was infected with influenza A (H5N1) virus. Prominent features included the progression from fever and dyspnea to the acute respiratory distress syndrome in a short period, lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia. Establishing the diagnosis for this patient increased public awareness of the virus and was soon followed by a halting of poultry-to-human transmission. On the basis of available data, any child with suspected avian influenza infection should be treated with oseltamivir.     

Benign acute myositis associated with H1N1 influenza A virus infection

We report the clinical and laboratory features of four children with benign acute myositis observed during the current outbreak of the novel H1N1 influenza A virus. Our findings were similar to those of previous reports for benign acute myositis associated with seasonal influenza. No patients needed oseltamivir, and all of them showed quick recovery without recurrences. In the current H1N1 influenza virus pandemic, the diagnosis of benign acute myositis must be suspected in those children with flu symptoms and difficulty to walk, taking this into account might help avoiding unnecessary studies.     

Rhabdomyolysis associated with influenza A/H1N1 2009 infection in a pediatric patient

The influenza A/H1N1 2009 epidemic has spread to many countries since 2009, including Japan. We report an immune‐competent child involving rhabdomyolysis and compartment syndrome associated with influenza A/H1N1 2009. The patient was demonstrated rhabdomyolysis with myoglobinuria, hyperkalemia, cardiac dysfunction and compartment syndrome that arose during convalescence from influenza A/H1N1 2009 infection. Although RT‐PCR of muscle tissue yielded negative results for influenza A/H1N1 2009 RNA and no viral positive‐antigen cells were detected in the muscle lesions, the clinical picture suggested rhabdomyolysis associated with influenza A/H1N1. Rhabdomyolysis should be considered in the evaluation of muscle symptoms such as myalgia associated with novel influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus infection, particularly in critically ill patients.     

Swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in infants

There are few reports on pandemic swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in very young infants. We aimed to discuss the clinical characteristics and management of the H1N1 influenza infection in very young infants. Clinical characteristics of ten infants diagnosed with H1N1 influenza virus infection during the 2009 outbreak season in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit were evaluated. The diagnosis was confirmed by testing of respiratory samples with pandemic H1N1 influenza specific real-time PCR assay. Of the 46 patients with fever or respiratory problems, ten (22%) were diagnosed with H1N1 influenza virus infection during the 2009 (October?CDecember) peak outbreak season. All infants including the preterms were admitted from home, seven (70%) were full-term and three (30%) were preterm. Median age of the patients at admission was 24.5?days. Fever and cough were the most common symptoms. Apnea was the initial symptoms in three patients. Two patients required oxygen support, one of which, a preterm baby, had been mechanically ventilated for 2?days. Mean duration of hospitalization was 7.8?±?4.9?days. Chest radiography revealed radio-opacities on both lung fields in six patients. In addition, two patients had co-infection. All patients with proven infection were given oseltamivir medication. Recovery was achieved in all patients with no residual deficits or side effects from the antiviral oseltamivir treatment. The H1N1 influenza virus infection in very young infants appears to be mild to moderate in severity. The outcomes of the infants may be influenced by antiviral therapy. Treatment with antiviral oseltamivir appears to have no major adverse effects.     

危重型甲型流行性感冒并急性呼吸窘迫综合征抢救成功1例报告

1 临床资料 患儿,女,6岁.因发热、轻咳1 d伴气急1/2 d入院.患儿于患病当日上午开始出现发热,T 38℃,伴轻咳,当地诊所予头孢霉素、病毒唑治疗,至当日晚上开始出现气急,但未予重视.第2天上午来我院就诊,以"支气管炎、心肌炎?"     

危重症甲型H1N1流感患儿四例临床分析

目的 分析危重症甲型H1N1流感病毒感染病例的临床表现、影像学特征和诊治经过,为危重症甲型H1N1流感病毒感染的防治提供临床诊治经验.方法 对本院2009年11月成功救治的4例甲型H1N1流感病毒性肺炎并呼吸衰竭患儿的临床资料进行分析.结果 4例患儿均给予奥司他韦抗病毒治疗,中疗程小剂量糖皮质激素治疗及乌斯他丁抑制炎症反应,静脉丙种球蛋白增加机体抵抗力,呼吸机辅助通气和保持气道通畅,超微剂量肝素抗凝及多巴胺、多巴酚丁胺改善微循环,使用抗生素防治继发感染,保护脏器功能及营养支持治疗.上机后1周内均成功撤离呼吸机,且体温恢复正常,肺部湿哕音完全吸收,基础疾病得到有效控制,均痊愈出院.结论 甲型H1N1流感病毒感染,尤其是合并有基础疾病时病情进展快,可迅速出现呼吸功能衰竭,甚至休克、多器官功能衰竭,及时有效的治疗可控制病情发展、改善预后.     

危重症甲型H1N1流感患儿四例临床分析

目的 分析危重症甲型H1N1流感病毒感染病例的临床表现、影像学特征和诊治经过,为危重症甲型H1N1流感病毒感染的防治提供临床诊治经验.方法 对本院2009年11月成功救治的4例甲型H1N1流感病毒性肺炎并呼吸衰竭患儿的临床资料进行分析.结果 4例患儿均给予奥司他韦抗病毒治疗,中疗程小剂量糖皮质激素治疗及乌斯他丁抑制炎症反应,静脉丙种球蛋白增加机体抵抗力,呼吸机辅助通气和保持气道通畅,超微剂量肝素抗凝及多巴胺、多巴酚丁胺改善微循环,使用抗生素防治继发感染,保护脏器功能及营养支持治疗.上机后1周内均成功撤离呼吸机,且体温恢复正常,肺部湿哕音完全吸收,基础疾病得到有效控制,均痊愈出院.结论 甲型H1N1流感病毒感染,尤其是合并有基础疾病时病情进展快,可迅速出现呼吸功能衰竭,甚至休克、多器官功能衰竭,及时有效的治疗可控制病情发展、改善预后.