腹腔镜下带血管蒂回肠移植阴道成形术25例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下带血管蒂回肠移植阴道成形术的疗效. 方法回顾性分析2004年3～11月我院25例腹腔镜下带血管蒂回肠移植阴道成形术的临床资料,其中全腹腔镜手术7例,腹腔镜辅助下手术18例. 结果 25例手术均成功,术后近期发生肠梗阻1例,经2次手术治愈;阴道口狭窄2例,1例经扩张、1例经阴道口成形术后痊愈.17例随访3～6个月,11例无异味,6例轻度异味;9例有性生活,7例满意,1例有少量出血,1例阴道短. 结论腹腔镜下带血管蒂回肠移植阴道成形术创伤小,较符合生理状态,安全可靠,疗效良好,是目前较理想的阴道成形方法.     

腹腔镜辅助下截取带血管蒂回肠段转移阴道成形术

目的 探索在腹腔镜辅助下截取带血管蒂回肠段转移再造阴道的可能性，为临床提供阴道成形术的新方法。方法 应用腹腔镜引导下，配合使用超声刀，通过小切口完成肠系膜分离、回肠段截取、肠端吻合、回肠段下拉转移形成阴道。结果 2002年2月至2006年7月，共为38例需再造阴道患者成功地施行腹腔镜辅助下截取带血管蒂回肠段转移阴道成形术。随访1个月～4年，其中36例移植回肠段成活良好，再造阴道符合生理要求。结论 由于避免了剖腹和以往术式的供区瘢痕，较好地缓解了此类患者巨大的心理压力，腹腔镜下回肠段代阴道是目前较为理想的阴道成形术新方法。     

腹腔镜下乙状结肠代阴道成形术27例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜下乙状结肠代阴道成形术的手术方法及疗效。方法2006年6月～2007年6月施行27例腹腔镜下乙状结肠代阴道成形术。在腹腔镜下用超声刀切取带血管蒂的乙状结肠约15 cm,切取的移植肠襻从膀胱直肠凹处拉出作人工阴道,乙状结肠的远近端用管状吻合器行端端吻合。结果27例手术均获成功,术中出血量50～180 ml,平均82 ml。手术时间120～246 min,平均168 min。术后16 d发生不全肠梗阻1例,经保守治疗完全缓解。21例随访14～20个月,16例术后有性生活,均满意,余5例无性生活。结论腹腔镜下乙状结肠代阴道成形术创伤小,恢复快,具有一定的美学美容效果,是目前较理想的阴道成形方法。     

悬吊式腹腔镜下带血管蒂乙状结肠移植阴道成形术

目的：探讨悬吊式无气腹腹腔镜下带血管蒂乙状结肠移植阴道成形术的手术方法和疗效。方法：应用悬吊式无气腹腹腔镜行乙状结肠阴道成形术64例,其中悬吊式腹腔镜辅助下手术56例,包括先天性无阴道50例,易性癖6例;悬吊式全腹腔镜下手术8例,为先天性无阴道患者。结果：64例患者手术均成功,手术时间90～210mi n,术中出血量50～120ml,1例易性癖患者术后3个月时出现阴道口挛缩。结论：悬吊式无气腹腹腔镜乙状结肠阴道成形术创伤小,操作便利,术后恢复快,生理解剖功能较好,且具有美学效果,是一种比较理想的阴道成形术式。     

腹腔镜下带血管蒂回肠移植阴道成形术

目的:探讨在腹腔镜下带血管蒂回肠移植阴道成形术的手术方法及治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析8例腹腔镜下带血管蒂回肠移植阴道成形术病例,其中全腹腔镜手术3例,腹腔镜辅助下手术5例。结果:8例患者手术均成功,痊愈出院。结论:腹腔镜下带血管蒂回肠移植阴道成形术创伤小、美容效果好,符合生理状态,是较理想的阴道成形方法。     

悬吊式腹腔镜行乙状结肠代阴道成形术31例

目的探讨悬吊式腹腔镜行乙状结肠代阴道成形术的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2007年1月-2009年12月31例悬吊式腹腔镜乙状结肠代阴道成形术的临床资料,其中先天性无阴道29例,男性易性癖阴道成形术后人工阴道狭窄2例。手术时在骶岬高度截取乙状结肠肠襻（13 cm左右）,超声刀游离乙状结肠系膜,直线切割闭合器切断闭合选取的乙状结肠,缝合关闭移植肠襻的顶端,乙状结肠的近端荷包缝合并放入抵钉座,圆形吻合器行乙状结肠端端吻合术。转阴式人工阴道建腔,将移植段乙状结肠远端拉出阴道隐窝,与阴道前庭黏膜间断缝合,形成人工阴道口,人工阴道顶端与骶岬处腹膜缝合固定。结果 31例手术均获得成功,手术时间100-200 min,平均144.7 min;术中出血50-200 ml,平均104.8 ml。1例术后12天出现粘连性不全肠梗阻,经保守治疗治愈。31例随访14-22个月,平均18个月,均佩带阴道模具达3个月以上,人工阴道扩张良好,接近女性阴道的形态和生理功能,分泌物为少量乳白色黏液,无异味。有性生活者25例,均满意。结论悬吊式腹腔镜行乙状结肠代阴道成形手术临床可行,是可选择的阴道成形方法之一。     

腹腔镜下带血管蒂回肠移植阴道成形术

目的探讨腹腔镜下带血管蒂回肠移植阴道成形术的手术方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析2004年3月~2006年3月,我院62例腹腔镜下带血管蒂回肠移植阴道成形术的临床资料,其中全腹腔镜手术16例,腹腔镜辅助下手术46例。结果62例手术均成功,术中出血量30~50 m l,(40.0±0.6)m l;手术时间90~313 m in,(165.0±5.6)m in。1例全腹腔镜手术后1个月发生肠梗阻,二次手术切除梗阻段回肠,回肠端端吻合后恢复顺利。4例术后因未坚持佩带模具出现阴道口狭窄,余58例阴道及阴道口扩张满意。结论腹腔镜下带血管蒂回肠移植阴道成形术创伤小,较符合生理状态,是目前较理想的阴道成形方法。     

腹腔镜腹膜阴道成形术73例报告

目的 探讨腹腔镜腹膜阴道成形术治疗先天性无阴道的价值.方法 2001年7月～2005年11月对73例先天性无阴道在腹腔镜监视下,于尿道、膀胱与直肠间隙间形成阴道“隧道“,利用腹膜推进器将盆底腹膜经“隧道“推至前庭创口,并缝合固定,腹腔镜下关闭盆腔内腹膜,在“隧道“内填入凡士林纱条,数日后取出,术后定期扩张阴道.结果 腹腔镜下完成手术70例,中转开腹结肠代阴道成形术1例,中转开腹回肠代阴道成形术1例,腹腔镜辅助回肠代阴道成形术1例.手术时间50～160min,平均65min;术中出血量20～100ml,平均50ml.术后住院15～20d,平均16d.70例术后随访1～24个月,平均13个月,66例腹膜阴道成形术阴道深＞9cm,4例阴道深度为8cm,均可容阴道窥器插入,阴道黏膜粉红色、湿润,弹性良好;已婚或有性生活44例,其中43例性生活满意,1例诉阴道较浅(8cm).结论 腹腔镜腹膜阴道成形术具有操作简便、创伤小、康复快的优点,术后阴道外观与功能等同正常女性外生殖器及阴道,值得推广.     

改良腹腔镜辅助下带血管蒂回肠代阴道成形术的探讨

目的 探讨改良腹腔镜辅助下带血管蒂回肠代阴道改良成形术的有效性及安全性.方法 自2012年1月至2018年1月,南京中医药大学附属医院整形外科收治16例因先天性无阴道或变性术后阴道狭窄患者,行腹腔镜辅助下带血管蒂回肠代阴道成形术.术中切取足够长度带蒂回肠转位入再造阴道腔穴,并于再造阴道口设计对偶三角皮瓣,防止阴道口出现...     

改良腹腔镜腹膜代阴道成形术与腹腔镜辅助回肠代阴道成形术的对比研究

目的 探讨改良腹腔镜腹膜代阴道成形术与腹腔镜辅助回肠代阴道成形术的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2011年6月-2013年6月我院60例先天性无阴道的临床资料,其中40例行改良腹腔镜腹膜代阴道成形术（腹膜组,n=40）,20例行腹腔镜辅助回肠代阴道成形术（回肠组,n=20）,对比2种术式的围手术期情况及术后疗效.结果 60例手术均成功.腹膜组手术时间（107.6±23.4）min明显短于回肠组（175.3±35.7）min（t=-8 819,P=0.000）;腹膜组术中出血量（23.2±1.8）ml显著少于回肠组（56.5±3.9）ml（t=-45.438,P=0.000）;腹膜组手术费用（4360±252）元明显少于回肠组（10 210±430）元（t=-66.471,P=0.000）;腹膜组术后住院时间（8.3±1.1）d明显短于回肠组（9.2±1.6）d（t=-2.557,P=0.013）;腹膜组无术后并发症,回肠组术后出现1例不全肠梗阻,保守治疗后痊愈,2组并发症发生率无统计学差异（Fisher＇s检验,P=0.333）.腹膜组人工阴道长度（7.5±2.1）cm与回肠组（8.5±3.4）cm无统计学差异（t=-1.405,P=0.165）.术后随访：2组人工阴道均可容2指,阴道壁黏膜粉红,弹性良好.腹膜组：3例人工阴道顶端出现肉芽组织,经切除、换药后愈合;阴道分泌物正常,1例已婚术后性生活满意,8例术后结婚,性生活满意.回肠组：阴道分泌物较多,无色水样液或黏液,无异味,但总量呈减少趋势,3个月后基本稳定;6例术后结婚,性生活基本满意.腹膜组9例性生活启动者女性性功能指数量表（female sexual function index,FSFI）总分（26.73±0.93）分,与回肠组6例性生活启动者FSFI总分（26.19±1.24）分比较无统计学差异（t=0.961,P=0.354）.结论 改良腹腔镜腹膜代阴道成形术与腹腔镜辅助回肠代阴道成形术均是满意可行的手术方式,但改良腹腔镜腹膜代阴道成形术手术时间短、术中出血量少、手术费用低,值得推广应用.     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Immunomodulation in Transplantation with Photopheresis

Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.