Synchronous occurrence of ipsilateral synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint and pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland

We present a unique case characterized by true coexistence of synovial chondromatosis (SC) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with a salivary gland tumor, specifically pleomorphic adenoma, of the ipsilateral parotid gland. The possibility that the condition was the result of a single pathologic entity, ie, SC with extracapsular involvement or pleomorphic adenoma affecting the TMJ, received strong consideration. Nonetheless, careful assessment of the clinical, radiographic, MRI, and surgical findings strongly suggested the synchronous occurrence of 2 separate pathologic processes, despite their close proximity. Further, histopathologic examination confirmed the presence of both SC of the TMJ and pleomorphic adenoma of the superficial lobe of the ipsilateral parotid gland. Previous reports have pointed out the possibility of misdiagnosing extracapsular spread of SC as a salivary gland tumor. Vice versa, it has been noted that parotid gland tumors, especially malignant, may cause TMJ symptoms similar to those of SC. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that true synchronous occurrence of ipsilateral SC and pleomorphic adenoma, or parotid tumor of any kind, is reported.     

副腮腺肿瘤切除的手术入路

目的探讨副腮腺肿瘤外科治疗的最佳手术入路。方法对笔者近年所做的9例副腮腺肿瘤手术入路分别采用了延长的腮腺切除手术入路;肿瘤表面皮肤纹理的直接手术入路以及耳前发际内的角形切口手术入路三种方法。结果上述3种不同的手术入路在手术损伤大小、切口隐蔽、副腮腺肿瘤的术野显露以及并发症的发生率等方面存在明显差异。结论耳前角形切口应作为副腮腺肿瘤切除的首选手术入路,它具有更好的美容及手术治疗效果．     

Synovial cyst of the temporomandibular joint: a case report and literature review

Synovial cysts are lesions that usually occur on the wrist, foot and knee. They are rarely involved in the region of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), with only 10 cases reported from 1978 to 2007. The authors report a case of a synovial cyst of the TMJ in a 45-year-old woman. The patient presented with a right preauricular swelling, 1 cm anterior to the tragus. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed a small oval hypodense mass of soft tissue in the right temporomandibular region with no relation to the condyle. Fine needle aspiration reported a synovial cyst of the TMJ. The patient was taken to the operating room and a preauricular approach extending to the temporal region was carried out resulting in surgical excision of the mass. The histological findings were consistent with the diagnosis of a synovial cyst. The long term clinical and radiological follow-up (after 18 months) showed no sign of recurrence. The authors suggest, in accordance with the literature, that a surgical approach should be the treatment of choice in the case of a synovial cyst of the TMJ.     

经髁突及盘前附着进路摘除颞下间隙巨大黏液瘤1例报告

关节旁黏液瘤是一种来源于腱鞘、韧带等关节旁组织的良性软组织肿瘤,目前未见发生于颞下颌关节（temporomandibular joint,TMJ）旁的报道。本文报告1例罕见的TMJ旁黏液瘤,其体积巨大并累及髁突前内侧的颞下间隙。采用经髁突及盘前附着进路摘除肿瘤。术后随访2.5 a,患者无不适主诉,无颌面部畸形和开口受限,影像学检查显示肿瘤未复发。经髁突及盘前附着进路不仅保存了正常TMJ的结构和功能,还利于完整摘除肿瘤,防止复发。     

Temporomandibular juxtaarticular chondroma: case report

Chondromas are benign tumours composed of mature hyaline cartilage. We present here the first case in the English language medical literature of juxtaarticular chondroma of the temporomandibular joint in the parotid region. Within the rarity of cartilage disorders of the temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ), this particular condition is a diagnostic curiosity. The patient, a 54 year old woman, presented a right preauricular tumour of 3.5 cm. which had been developing for 4 years. It was not painful but there was a recent symptomology of TMJ dysfunction, with pain and clicks. The diagnostic possibilities of a parotid pleomorphic adenoma and of a cartilage tumour of the TMJ suggested a difficult preoperative differential diagnosis, which influenced our approach regarding therapy. The tumour was excised, preserving the parotid gland. This enabled us to confirm the histological diagnosis of chondroma, composed solely of chondroide tissue. We have described the clinical characteristics of our case, and carried out a review of the relevant literature, emphasising the differential diagnoses.     

Wide excision of accessory parotid gland with anterior approach

Accessory parotid gland tissue has been described as salivary tissue adjacent to the Stensen duct that is distinctly separate from the main body of the parotid gland. Of all parotid gland tumors, 1% to 8% arise from the accessory parotid gland. Little is known about the accessory parotid gland, and it is seldom mentioned in the literature. Between 1999 and 2010, we have treated and followed 8 patients with tumors of the accessory parotid gland. There were 5 males and 3 females with a mean age of 35 years. They all presented with an asymptomatic cheek mass, and 4 of them underwent fine-needle aspiration. Ultrasound or computed tomographic scan was used in all patients. All the patients underwent surgical intervention with standard parotidectomy incision and anterior extension. The mean follow-up time was 44 months (range, 6-120 months). Seven patients had benign disease. Four cases were pleomorphic adenoma, and the remaining 3 benign cases were parotid cyst, basal cell adenoma, and hemangioma. Only 1 patient had a malignant tumor that was a lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma. In 7 cases, wide excision (excision of mass and accessory lobe of the parotid gland) was done because of the intra-accessory parotid gland lesion. One patient had concomitant superficial parotidectomy because the tumor was located very close to and has involved the parotid gland proper. There was no serious postoperative complication and recurrence. Prudent preoperative diagnostic evaluation and meticulous surgical approach are the keys to successful management of midcheek lesions. A wide excision of the accessory lobe of the parotid gland can be a definitive surgery in case of solitary tumor with an intact parotid fascia, and wide excision with anterior approach through a standard parotidectomy incision is preferred to a direct incision over the mass.     

髁突骨折两种手术方法的比较

目的:比较耳前进路行髁突骨折-翼外肌解剖复位与改良颌下进路下颌升支垂直截骨髁突游离体外复位固定回植术的优缺点,为髁突骨折合理选择手术方法、手术进路提供临床依据。方法:回顾我科收治的髁突骨折中采用手术治疗的33例(43侧)病例,按骨折位置高低、类型选择了2种不同的手术方法,其中26侧采用耳屏前切口髁突骨折-翼外肌解剖复位,17侧采用改良颌下切口、下颌升支垂直截骨髁突游离体外复位固定回植术。随访12～24月,对比分析2组病例的疗效。结果:全部切口Ⅰ期愈合,无1例关节强直;所有病人术后面部对称性好。发生下颌骨向健侧侧!运动受限的病例中,经下颌升支垂直截骨髁突游离体外复位固定术者5例(占45%),经耳屏前进路翼外肌解剖复位者3例(占14%);术后发生暂时性面瘫患者中,改良颌下进路术式1例(占9.09%),耳屏前进路4例(占18.18%),术后3～6个月均恢复正常;术后患侧关节区张口疼痛患者中改良颌下进路者2例(占18.18%),耳屏前进路者5例(占22.73%),术后3个月症状明显缓解。结论:从功能上看耳屏前进路髁突骨折-翼外肌解剖复位术明显优于下颌升支垂直截骨术;而从并发症发生看前者多于后者。临床上应根据患者具体情况,合理选择术式,以提高髁突骨折的治疗效果。     

隐蔽切口入路内镜辅助颈部肿物切除效果初探

目的探索评价颌面部隐蔽切口入路内镜辅助下颈部良性肿瘤切除的新术式。方法选取2018年1月至2019年8月于山东大学齐鲁医院口腔颌面外科就诊的颈部良性肿瘤患者17例(颏下区3例,下颌下区2例,腮腺后下极9例,胸锁乳突肌上区1例,胸锁乳突肌中区1例,胸锁乳突肌下区1例)。术前行CT检查,评价肿瘤大小、边界、形态、性质,根据肿瘤所在区域设计不同部位隐蔽切口,颏下区及下颌下区肿物选用口内前庭沟入路,腮腺后下极及胸锁乳突肌区肿物选用耳后隐蔽小切口入路。术中采用自制的"口腔手术用造腔装置"辅助牵拉完成颈部"造腔",内镜辅助下将肿物完整摘除,术后每3个月定期随访。结果所有手术均按预期完成,术后3个月复查时,视觉模拟量表平均为9.3分,患者对切口设计及手术整体效果均表示满意,术后1~15个月随访均未见复发。结论采用隐蔽切口入路内镜辅助颈部良性肿物切除是一种切口不明显、具有良好美容效果的手术方法。     

Unilateral parotid gland involvement with synchronous multiple Basal cell adenomas

Basal cell adenoma (BCA) is a rare benign epithelial tumor of the salivary gland. BCA is seen most frequently in the parotid gland and less commonly in the submandibular gland and minor glands of the upper lips, oral cavity, and hard palate. Salivary gland tumors are observed as single tumors in one salivary gland. Double or multiple tumors of the salivary gland tumors are unusual and metachronous or bilateral salivary gland tumors are more observed than synchronous or unilateral tumors. The most commonly seen multiple tumor unilaterally or bilaterally is the Warthin's tumor. A 65-year-old woman with a painful, slowly enlarging mass in front of the left ear, which was present for 6 months, was evaluated. Physical examination revealed two solid and well-delineated masses in the preauricular region, which were 1.5 x 1 cm in diameter and in the tail of the parotid gland, which is 2.5 x 2 cm in diameter. Excision of the superficial lobe of the parotid gland was performed. The macroscopic examination of the specimen showed the two discrete nodular masses. Histologic examination of the two nodular solid lesions was reported as BCA. Multiple synchronous nonmembranous-type BCAs of the unilateral parotid gland is a rare entity. More extensive excision of the parotid gland tumor, careful macroscopic perioperative examination of the surgical specimen, and histologic evaluation of all surgical specimens might be necessary for reducing revision operations and surgical complications.     

副腮腺肿瘤14例临床分析及治疗体会

目的 初步评估分析副腮腺肿瘤的诊断、治疗与预后情况。方法 回顾性分析14例副腮腺肿瘤患者的诊断与治疗,考虑到副腮腺肿瘤的特殊解剖部位,14例患者均采取常规的腮腺肿瘤手术切口,并进行细致的面神经解剖。对于恶性副腮腺肿瘤给予术后辅助放射治疗。结果 14例副腮腺肿瘤中多形性腺瘤6例,肌上皮瘤2例,腺泡细胞癌2例,基底细胞腺瘤1例,中分化黏液表皮样癌1例,肌上皮癌1例,侵袭性纤维瘤1例。所有患者术后的面型满意,肿瘤无复发。结论 常规的腮腺手术切口进路治疗副腮腺肿瘤是一种安全、有效、美观的方法。     

Synchronous lymphomas arising in ipsilateral parotid and submandibular glands: video-assisted surgery

The incidence of lymphomas in salivary glands is 5%, and it represents 10% of malignant salivary tumors. Synchronous tumors arising in different major salivary glands are not only very infrequent but also extremely rare; on the other hand, synchronous lymphomas in ipsilateral major salivary glands have not been reported previously. This article reports a case of synchronous lymphomas in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in the ipsilateral parotid and submandibular glands. Parotidectomy with facial nerve conservation and resection of the submandibular gland by video-assisted surgery using only a Blair-modified classic incision was performed. One year after the surgical procedure, the patient was followed up at regular intervals, and residual mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma did not appear. This case illustrates the importance of the diagnostic possibility of synchronous primary tumors after identification of a simple one; this also reports the video-assisted resection of the submandibular gland using only a Blair incision, when a parotidectomy must be also made.     

Ganglion cyst of the temporomandibular joint

Ganglion cysts are benign soft tissue tumours occurring in or near joints such as the wrist, foot or knee. They are rarely encountered in the region of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The authors report a ganglion cyst of the TMJ in a 56-year-old woman. The patient experienced pain and presented with a prominence in the right TMJ region, anterior to the tragus. She had some divergence in skin sensation in the right mental region of mandible. Magnetic-resonance imaging showed a rounded hypodense mass of soft tissue lateral to the right TMJ region. The surgical excision of the tumour was performed through a preauricular approach extending to the temporal region. During the 6-month postoperative follow-up there was no sign of recurrence. Surgical excision should be the treatment of choice for ganglion cysts in the region of TMJ.     

Minimally invasive endoscopic resection of benign tumours of the accessory parotid gland: an updated approach

The most common conventional approaches for the resection of benign tumours in the accessory parotid gland are a standard parotidectomy incision, a modified standard parotidectomy incision, or a face-lift incision. The resulting scars may severely affect the patient's postoperative appearance. The previously reported endoscopically assisted approach offers a less aesthetically invasive technique, but it may still leave a visible preauricular scar 4–5 cm long. We have used a modified endoscopic approach with minimal, and concealed, incisions for the resection of benign tumours in the accessory parotid gland. Five patients were diagnosed by physical examination, imaging, and preoperative fine-needle aspiration biopsy. They had endoscopically assisted resections using our modified approach, and we evaluated its feasibility. All the resections were successful. The mean operating time was 108 min (range 90–130). The postoperative scars were concealed and aesthetically satisfactory. There were no facial paralyses, salivary fistulas, or recurrences in the short term. Using endoscopically assisted resection we completely removed benign tumours from the accessory parotid gland and obtained good aesthetic results. Our updated endoscopic approach for these resections is successful with shorter, concealed incisions. It is a viable alternative to conventional approaches.     

耳后发际联合耳屏缘切口在腮腺上极良性肿瘤切除术的应用

目的 探讨耳后发际联合耳屏缘切口在腮腺上极良性肿瘤切除术的临床效果.方法 采用耳后发际联合耳屏缘切口对20例腮腺上极良性肿瘤行手术治疗并分析其疗效与美容效果.结果 20例患者腮腺上极良性肿瘤均被顺利完整切除,术中冰冻及术后常规病理报告均为良性.术后2例出现暂时性耳垂麻木,1例出现暂时性面神经颧支麻痹,1例发生术后涎瘘;所有病例无味觉出汗综合征、无术后出血、无皮瓣坏死等并发症,随访24~48月,未见复发,手术切口疤痕不明显,美容效果满意.结论 腮腺上极良性肿物切除术应用耳后发际联合耳屏缘切口术式安全、可行,切口隐蔽.     

Gigantic parotid retention cyst

Cysts of the parotid gland are rare. Recently, in a series of 183 surgical parotid gland specimens, 16 parotid cysts, of which seven were true parotid cysts and nine were cystic neoplasms, were reported.¹ Of the seven true cysts, only one was a retention cyst and the rest were epidermoid and lymphoepithelial cysts. In another series of 23 reported cases, five cysts were of the retention type.² Apart from these two reported series, there are only sporadic case reports of parotid retention cysts.^3–5 Excellent discussions of the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions of the parotid gland has been presented in the literature.^1,2,6Analysis of the sizes of all reported cases of parotid cysts revealed that none were larger than 3.5 cm in diameter. We report a case of a parotid retention cyst of a gigantic proportion, 10 cm in diameter. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest retention cyst of the parotid gland reported.     

改良耳颞切口在颞下颌关节手术中的应用

目的:评价改良耳颞切口在颞下颌关节手术中的效果。方法:回顾分析1998年7月～2002年11月间收治的72例颞下颌关节病患者,男性35例,女性38例,年龄4～72岁,平均年龄36.1岁。所有患者均采用改良耳颞切口及进路术式,于耳颞部行美容切口设计,先翻开耳前皮瓣,暴露颞浅血管分支,然后沿耳颞神经血管束前缘进入,向前下翻开颞深筋膜瓣,倒“L”形切开关节囊后暴露髁突。结果:72例患者中获得随访38例(49侧),随访期4～45个月,平均17.7个月。仅1侧右颞区皮肤麻木,3侧额纹消失,总体对手术切口满意度为97.4%(37/38),不满意1例为髁突骨折患者,术后8个月术区瘢痕仍很明显,伴有颞区皮肤麻木和额纹消失。结论:改良耳颞切口及进路是目前治疗颞下颌关节疾病的理想术式之一。     

Para-articular osteochondroma of the temporomandibular joint

A para-articular osteochondroma is a rare osteocartilaginous tumour that arises in the soft tissue adjacent to a joint but with no attachment to the bone. To our knowledge, this is the first case of one reported in the region of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The patient presented with severe preauricular pain caused by a para-auricular osteochondroma, which arose in the preauricular region just external to the TMJ.     

腮腺嗜酸细胞腺瘤合并Warthin瘤1例报告及文献复习

一侧腮腺区同时发生不同组织学类型的肿瘤极少见。本文报告1例发生在腮腺一侧瘤体内同时存在嗜酸细胞腺瘤与Warthin瘤2种不同成分的罕见病例,并结合相关文献复习,对其病因、临床特点、诊断及治疗进行讨论。     

Ganglion cyst in the temporomandibular joint: A case report and discussion of surgical approaches

Background: Ganglion cysts in the temporomandibular joint are treated by resection; however, there has been insufficient discussion regarding the appropriate approach for surgical resection.

Clinical presentation: A 55-year-old man presented with a left preauricular swelling for one year. The examination revealed a moderately hard mass with a 30-mm diameter, tenderness, and restricted movement. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a cystic lesion with a 25 mm-long axis. Considering a diagnosis of temporomandibular cyst, separation of the cyst wall through a preauricular incision was attempted. However, the cyst ruptured due to strong adherence on the reverse side. Curettage followed by discectomy was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was of a ganglion cyst. Among 39 reported cases, 24 were excised via the preauricular approach, with 8 intraoperative cyst ruptures.

Conclusion: The parotidectomy approach should be employed when the cyst is large, at a low position, or adherent to the surrounding tissue, in order to achieve reliable excision.     

同侧腮腺同时存在2种不同肿瘤1例报告

腮腺肿瘤为头颈部常见肿瘤之一,多发性腮腺肿瘤临床上比较少见,而同侧腮腺内同时存在不同病理类型的病例更为罕见.本文报告1例同侧腮腺同时存在基底细胞腺瘤和多形性腺瘤的病例,并结合相关文献进行讨论.