中药透皮制剂研究动向

本文综述近年来中药透皮制剂研究动向,介绍了中药透皮制剂的制备工艺、中药透皮制剂基质优化工艺研究方法和中药透皮吸收促进剂等方面的研究现状,旨在为中药透皮制剂的研究与开发提供信息。     

丛枝菌根真菌在中药栽培病害防治研究中的应用

借鉴丛枝菌根(AM)在农林业研究方面的运用成果,作者来探讨AM在药用植物病害防治研究中的应用.文章总结了药用植物病害的类型、病害对植物的影响和生产中常用的预防治理方法.对于植物的非侵染性病害和侵染性病害造成的不良后果,AM都有一定的改善作用.丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)与植物的关系、接种AMF的环境和时间及AMF的接种技术等都会影响到AM在防治药用植物病害中的作用.所以在实践生产中要选择适当的条件进行接种,使AM在防治药用植物病害中发挥最大的有益作用.     

多重任意扩增子图谱技术在中药材鉴定中的应用

我国现行使用的1.2万余种中药材中动植物占99％,品种繁多,来源复杂,互混、互代现象屡屡发生。由于受到经济利益的驱使,近年来药材伪、混品种有增无减。由于中药的疗效与药材品质密不可分,所以为确保中药使用安全、有效,对各种药材进     

小包装中药饮片在煎药室的管理与应用探讨

目的：探讨小包装中药饮片在煎药室管理应用中更加完善合理性,尤其毒、麻药物在煎药室的安全性。方法：参照卫生部、国家中医药管理局制定的《医疗机构中药煎药室管理规范》等文件,结合实际工作经验,制定完善的管理措施和应用方法。结果：通过完善小包装中药饮片管理与应用,可进一步的明确药物的查对及鉴别,尤其对剂量核查更加直接现实,特别有利于对毒、麻药物的进一步管理。结论：小包装中药饮片有利于在煎药室管理与应用中更加完善合理。其优点：方便了药物的查对与鉴别及药物剂量的核对,保留了药物名称、剂量的原包装,利于备查;增强了对毒、麻药物的进一步的管理手段;缺点：包装袋（白色）的污染（也可回收）及经济成本,增加了拆药包的时间。     

Comparative in vitro antimicrobial activity of Chinese medicinal herbs

Eighteen herbs used in the treatment of infectious diseases in traditional Chinese medicine were evaluated for in vitro activity against ten microbial pathogens. Lyophilized teas were tested by the agar dilution technique at 100-1600 micrograms/ml. Eleven of the preparations were active against at least one microorganism and six of these were active against at least three of the test isolates. Huangqin (Scutellaria sp.) and Huanglian (Coptis sp.) were each active against five of the isolates. Huangqin inhibited Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris at 200 micrograms/ml. Huangqin alone showed strong activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis (less than or equal to 100 micrograms/ml) and Candida albicans (200 micrograms/ml). The antimicrobial activity of various teas, prepared with equal weights of herbs, could be compared against a particular pathogen by considering both the percentage of water-soluble material in the herbs and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the filtered, lyophilized decoctions.     

In vitro antidiabetic activities of five medicinal herbs used in Chinese medicinal formulae

Fructus Corni, Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, Poria, Rhizoma Alismatis and Rhizoma Dioscoreae are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for diabetes treatment. They are also the component herbs of an antidiabetic foot ulcer formula with demonstrated clinical efficacy. Although some of these herbal extracts were previously shown to possess in vivo antidiabetic effects (i.e. lowering blood glucose levels), the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The objective of this study is to investigate the possible antidiabetic mechanisms of these individual herbs, using a systematic study platform which includes four in vitro tissue models: glucose absorption into intestinal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV), gluconeogenesis by rat hepatoma cell line H4IIE, glucose uptake by human skin fibroblasts cell line Hs68 and mouse adipocytes 3T3-L1. All tested herbs showed significant in vitro antidiabetic effects in at least two models. Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, Poria, Rhizoma Alismatis and Rhizoma Dioscoreae showed significant inhibitory effects in the BBMV glucose uptake assay. All tested herbs showed significant stimulatory effects to the glucose uptake of Hs68 and 3T3-L1 cells, except Poria and Rhizoma Dioscoreae which were not effective to Hs68 and 3T3-L1 respectively. However, none of the tested herbs inhibited hepatic gluconeogenesis. In conclusion, the five herbs exhibited distinct antidiabetic mechanisms in vitro and hence our investigations provided scientific evidence to support the traditional usage of these herbs for diabetic treatment in medicinal formulae.     

Chinese medicinal herbs modulate mutagenesis,DNA binding and metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene

Oldenlandia diffusa (OD) and Scutellaria barbata (SB) have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating liver, lung and rectal tumours while Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and Ligustrum lucidum (LL) are often used as an adjunct in cancer therapy. In this study, we determined the effects of aqueous extracts of these four herbs on benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-induced mutagenesis using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 as the bacterial tester strain and rat liver 9000 × g supernatant as the metabolic activation system. The effects of these herbs on [³H]BapP binding to calf thymus DNA and formation of BaP-DNA adducts were assessed. Organosoluble and water-soluble metabolites of BaP were extracted and analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and alumina column liquid chromatography. Mutagenesis assays revealed that all four herbs produced a significant concentration-dependent inhibition of His⁺ revertants induced by BaP. At a concentration of 1.5 mg/plate, SB and OD in combination exhibited an additive effect, whereas AM and LL in combination demonstrated an antagonistic effect. The trend of inhibition of these four herbs on BaP-induced mutagenesis was: SB > LL > OD > AM. LL, OD and SB significantly inhibited BaP binding to DNA. LL and SB significantly reduced BaP-DNA adduct formation and SB significantly decreased formation of organosoluble metabolites of BaP. Our data suggest that these Chinese medicinal herbs possess cancer chemopreventive properties.     

In vitro anticancer activity of twelve Chinese medicinal herbs

Aqueous extracts of 12 Chinese medicinal herbs, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Artemisia argyi, Commiphora myrrha, Duchesnea indica, Gleditsia sinensis, Ligustrum lucidum, Rheum palmatum, Rubia cordifolia, Salvia chinensis, Scutellaria barbata, Uncaria rhychophylla and Vaccaria segetalis were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity on eight cancer cell lines as well as on normal human mammary epithelial cells. Five human and three murine cancer cell lines representing different tissues (breast, lung, pancreas and prostate) were used. All the crude aqueous extracts demonstrated growth inhibitory activity on some or all of the cancer cell lines, but only two showed activity against the normal mammary epithelial cells. Overall, the murine cell lines tended to be more sensitive to most of the extracts compared with the human cell lines. Among the human cell lines, cell type specificity was observed for two extracts. These results indicate the potential use of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs as antineoplastic agents and suggest that further studies evaluating their mechanism(s) of action and the isolation of active antitumor compounds are warranted.     

从现代临床应用探析中药"十八反"

中药"十八反"虽是中药配伍禁忌,但在从古至今的临床实践中仍得以延用且能获良效.文章从临床应用、理论溯源及现代实验研究等方而分析认为,中药"十八反"的科学内涵仍不清楚,需要进一步的深入思考与研究.最终使其得以科学地阐释.     

从现代临床应用探析中药“十八反”

中药"十八反"虽是中药配伍禁忌,但在从古至今的临床实践中仍得以延用且能获良效。文章从临床应用、理论溯源及现代实验研究等方面分析认为,中药"十八反"的科学内涵仍不清楚,需要进一步的深入思考与研究,最终使其得以科学的阐释。     

Chemoprevention and inhibition of P-glycoprotein in cancer cells by Chinese medicinal herbs

Many of the herbal extracts used in the Chinese clinical medical routine inhibit the growth of tumor cells. In the present work, extracts of 12 selected herbs were prepared with methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water, and the effects of these on the multidrug resistance (MDR) and P-glycoprotein of mouse lymphoma cells transfected with the human mdr1 gene and on a human lung alveolar epithelial cell line were investigated. The extracts were tested for antiproliferative effects, and the reversal of MDR in mouse lymphoma cells. The possible chemopreventive effect of the chloroform extracts was studied on the expression of cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early (IE) antigen in human lung cancer cells (A549). The antimicrobial effects of the extracts were tested on some representative micro-organisms. Certain of the chloroform extracts of the plant materials were the most effective compounds on the reversal of MDR. Two of the chloroform extracts enhanced the antiproliferative effect of doxorubicin on MDR mouse lymphoma cells. The selected extracts did not show any antibacterial effect with the agar diffusion method. Certain chloroform extracts decreased the intermediate IE antigen expression of CMV in A459 cells.     

莲类药材的化学成分和药理作用研究进展

按药用部位对莲类药材（荷叶、莲房、莲子、莲子心、藕节等）的化学成分和药理作用进行综述,分析莲类药材的研究使用状况,以期更好地利用莲类药材资源。     

中药与蒙药药性理论的比较研究

通过对中药与蒙药的药性理论进行比较研究,揭示了两种药物学体系的异同,以期相互借鉴,优势互补,拓展天然药物的临床应用,从而促进民族传统医药事业的发展。     

中药配方颗粒的研究现状与市场前景

中医药是中华民族优秀文化的重要组成部分,是中国的国粹。它以完整的理论体系,独特的诊断技巧,确切的疗效而深得广大人民群众的青睐。但随着社会的发展,这种“饮片入药,临用煎汤”的服药方式给人们带来了不便。在经过长期的广泛研究、调查论证的基础上,1993年国家中医药管理局提出了中药饮片剂型改革的研究课题,并将该课题列入国家中医药管理局重大科研项目。     

中药临证运用“六讲究”

介绍中药临床运用中的六项讲究事项,即讲究剂型、讲究药引子、讲究药点距离、讲究给药途径、讲究奇正、讲究组合。     

西药的中药样特性研究及其临床应用

关于西药的中药样特性问题,笔者经过多年中西医临床实践和思考,认为西药存在着某些中药样的性质,许多西药的疗效与中医证型密切相关.笔者尝试以中医药理论指导西药的运用,收到了较好的效果.本文拟就此谈一点看法.     

In vitro antioxidation activity and genoprotective effect of selected Chinese medicinal herbs

Some traditional Chinese medicinal seeds and fruits are well known for their antioxidant properties. This research aims to investigate whether Fructus Lycii, Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi and Semen Cuscutae protect DNA from oxidant challenge by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). The standard comet assay was used to assess the genoprotective effect of these medicinal herbs. Blood was taken from three healthy adults, aged from 36 to 42. Lymphocytes were isolated and treated with different concentrations of aqueous herbal extracts, while controls were treated with phosphate buffered saline. The lymphocytes were stressed with 50 μM H(2)O(2). Treated cells were embedded in agarose and layered on slides. These sandwiched lymphocytes were lysed and afterwards subjected to an electric field in an alkaline environment. Damaged DNA was pulled out from the nucleus towards the positive electrode as a comet tail; its density was related to the degree of DNA damage. Finally, the slides were stained with fluorescence dye and tails were visually scored for 100 cells. The experiment was repeated three times and DNA damage in treated cells was compared to the controls. There was no statistical difference in DNA damage among the herb treated cells and untreated cells in the comet assay. Our data demonstrated that the selected medicinal herbs did not show in vitro DNA protection in the comet assay against oxidant challenge.     

贵州省GAP基地26种中药材重金属含量调查与评价

目的:通过对贵州省11个GAP基地的26种,共155批地道中药材样品的重金属含量进行调查与评价,为中药现代化进程提供科学依据。方法:用原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光光谱法测定中药材中重金属含量,以《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》为评价标准对药材重金属含量进行评价。结果:药材中重金属平均污染指数大小顺序为:Cd>Cu>As>Pb>Hg,在综合污染指数评价中茎叶类的艾纳香和块根类的淫羊藿根大于1。结论:在所调查的155个品种的中药材中,只有艾纳香和淫羊藿根受到重金属轻微污染,大部分药材没有受到污染。     

Antioxidative and antimutagenic activities of healthy herbal drinks from Chinese medicinal herbs

Twenty-nine Chinese medicinal herbs and three healthy herbal drinks made of those herbs in a food processing pilot plant were tested for their antioxidative, free radical scavenging, mutagenic and antimutagenic activities. Water extracts of herbs (with few exceptions) and herbal drinks showed free radical scavenging activity. All water extracts of herbs and herbal drinks showed no mutagenicity toward Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98 and TA100 used in the Ames mutagenic tests. In the antimutagenic tests, the mutagenic activity of 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide (NQNO) toward S. typhimurium TA98 was markedly inhibited by water extracts of herbs and herbal drinks. Based on the results, it is suggested that the herbal drinks manufactured in pilot-plant scale are safe and can be served as health-promoting drinks for the public.