苦参碱对慢性铜绿假单胞菌生物膜 肺部感染大鼠的免疫保护作用

目的 :探讨苦参碱对慢性铜绿假单胞菌(PA)生物膜肺部感染大鼠的免疫保护作用及其机制。 方法 :由支气管内直接注入PA(菌种为PAO579)藻酸盐微粒(1×10⁹ CFU/mL),建立慢性PA生物膜感染模型,并于术后第2 d开始给予苦参碱注射液(Mat,100 mg ·kg^-1) 或灭菌生理盐水(NS)ip,每天1次,连续治疗14 d。2周后评估各组的肺部细菌学、病理学、肺部细胞因子白介素(IL-4),干扰素γ(IFN-γ)反应的变化。 结果 :PA 感染2周后,苦参碱可显著减轻肺部大体观病理改变(P<0.001),肺脓肿发生率明显低于模型组(P<0.001)。镜检发现有80%的动物已由急性炎症(以多形核白细胞浸润为主)逆转为慢性炎症(以单个核细胞浸润为主),显著高于模型组的比例(P<0.05);苦参碱治疗组肺组织匀浆PA菌落计数仅为模型组1/20(P<0.001),PA检出率仅为50%(P<0.05),肺部细菌清除速度显著加快;另外,与模型组比较,苦参碱治疗2周后感染动物肺部IL-4水平明显下调(P<0.001),而肺部IFN-γ水平显著升高(P<0.001)。 结论 :以上结果提示苦参碱能够诱导肺部Th1型免疫反应,加快PA生物膜肺炎大鼠肺部的细菌清除及减轻肺部病理损伤, 因而对PA生物膜肺感染大鼠具有免疫保护作用。     

麋鹿角醇提液对衰老小鼠细胞因子的影响

目的 观察麋鹿角醇提液对D-半乳糖(D-gal)诱导衰老模型小鼠细胞因子的影响.方法 取ICR小鼠54只,雌雄兼用,随机分成4组:正常对照组(NG,n=12),模型对照组(MG,n=14),麋鹿角醇提液低剂量组(LG,2 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),n=14),麋鹿角醇提液高剂量组(HG,4 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),n=14).正常对照组给予背部皮下注射生理盐水,其余各组用D-半乳糖(D-gal)按120 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)背部皮下注射6周,造成亚急性衰老模型.造模同时,麋鹿角醇提液低剂量组和高剂量组分别给予相应浓度的麋鹿角醇提液,正常对照组和模型对照组给予相同容积的0.5% 羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC).采用ELISA法检测血清中细胞因子IL-2,IFN-γ的浓度,RT-PCR法检测脾淋巴细胞IL-2,IFN-γ mRNA的表达.结果 模型组小鼠血清中IFN-γ浓度降低,IFN-γ基因表达水平下降.而麋鹿角醇提液能升高模型组小鼠血清中IL-2和IFN-γ的浓度,并增强模型小鼠脾淋巴细胞IL-2,IFN-γ mRNA的表达.结论麋鹿角醇提液能促进D-gal诱导的衰老模型小鼠细胞因子IL-2,IFN-γ的分泌与表达,增强其细胞免疫功能.     

银翘散对流感病毒FM1感染胸腺缺陷小鼠血清中INF-γ、IgG含量的影响

目的:观察银翘散(YQS)对流感病毒感染胸腺缺陷小鼠细胞因子的影响.方法:以流感病毒亚洲甲型鼠肺适应株(FM1)感染小鼠为模型,采用银翘散灌胃治疗.用ELISA法分别检测感染后第1、3、5、7天小鼠血清中IFN-γ、IgG的含量.结果:银翘散各给药组IFN-γ的含量明显降低,与病毒感染模型组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.01),银翘散各治疗组与感染模型组的IgG含量,差异不是十分显著(P>0.05).结论:银翘散可以降低血清中IFN-γ,说明银翘散可以降低炎性因子的表达,从而减少炎性损伤.IgG含量与感染模型组差异不是十分显著,有可能因为在病毒感染早期,机体只能产生低水平低亲和力的抗体.     

麇鹿角醇提液对正常小鼠IL-2和IFN-γ的影响

目的:观察麋鹿角醇提液对正常小鼠细胞因子白介素2(IL-2)和γ干扰素(IFN-γ)的影响.方法:30只ICR小鼠随机分成3组:正常组、麇鹿角醇提液低剂量组(2 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))、高剂量组(4 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)),灌胃给药,连续7 d.采用ELISA法检测血清中细胞因子IL-2,IFN-γ的浓度,RT-PCR法检测脾淋巴细胞IL-2,IFN-γ mRNA的表达.结果:麋鹿角醇提液高剂量组小鼠血清中IL-2和IFN-γ的浓度升高,脾淋巴细胞IL-2,IFN-γ mRNA的表达增强.结论:麋鹿角醇提液能促进正常小鼠细胞因子IL-2,IFN-γ的分泌与表达,增强其细胞免疫功能.     

五味地龙汤对哮喘豚鼠血清γ-干扰素和白细胞介素4失衡的影响

目的:观察哮喘时γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)和白细胞介素-4(IL-4)的关系及五味地龙汤对其影响.方法:取豚鼠48只随机分为正常对照组、哮喘模型组、地塞米松组、五味地龙汤高、中、低荆量组,每组8只.以卵白蛋白(OVA)腹腔注射致敏,气道吸入激发建立哮喘动物模型.致敏15d后,ig给药,连续8d.颈动脉取血离心取血清.用豚鼠IFN-γ和IL-4 ELISA试荆盒测定血清IFN-γ和IL-4水平.结果:五味地龙汤高剂量组豚鼠血清IFN-γ(35.06±2.83)pg·ml-1,中剂量组豚鼠血清IFN-γ(29.74±1.84)pg·ml-1,低剂量组豚鼠血清IFN-γ(28.80±1.36)pg·ml-1,地塞米松组血清IFN-γ(39.08±1.06)pg·ml-1,与正常对照组血清IFN-γ(35.41±2.31)pg·ml-1比较,无显著性差异(P＞0.05);与哮喘模型组血清IFN-γ(18.74±2.22)pg·ml-1比较,均有非常显著的差异(P均＜0.01).五味地龙汤高剂量组血清IL-4(9.27±0.86)pg·ml-1,中剂量组血清IL-4(9.40±2.91)pg·ml-1,与正常对照组血清IL-4(9.45±0.62)pg·ml-1比较,无显著差异(P＞0.05);与哮喘模型组血清IL-4(13.37±1.86)pg·ml-1比较,地龙汤高、中剂量组和地塞米松组均有非常显著的差异(P均＜0.01);五味地龙汤低剂量组与哮喘模型组比较,亦有一定差异(P＜0.05).五味地龙汤高剂量组的作用优于低剂量组,组间比较,有一定差异(P＜0.05).结论:五味地龙汤能升高哮喘状态下豚鼠血清IFN-γ,降低IL-4水平,能调节哮喘状态下的IFN-γ/IL-4失衡.这可能是五味地龙汤抑制炎症介质的释放,治疗气道炎症的机制之一,其作用与剂量呈正比例关系.     

芪白平肺颗粒对慢性阻塞性肺疾病动物模型的疗效观察

目的:考察芪白平肺颗粒(QBPF)对脂多糖(LPS)合烟熏致大鼠慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的治疗作用及其机制研究。方法:正常组于第1,14天气道内注入生理盐水,4周后检测;COPD组于实验第1,14天经气道内注入脂多糖(LPS)200μg/只,香烟烟雾暴露2 h·d~(-1),共4周,观察受试药QBPF剂量(4.4,2.2,1.1 g·kg~(-1))组和氨茶碱(0.054 g·kg~(-1))组灌胃给药后对肺功能和血清白细胞介素~(-1)β(IL-1),肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),白细胞介素-6(IL-6),干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量及肺组织形态学的影响。结果:与正常组比较,模型组最大肺活量(FVC),0.3 s呼气量(FEV 0.3),0.3 s呼气量/最大肺活量(FEV0.3/FVC),呼吸峰流速(PEF)显著下降(P0.01);血清IL-1β,IL-6,IFN-γ,TNF-a含量明显升高,IL-10水平降低(P0.01);与模型组比较,芪白平肺颗粒高、中剂量组与氨茶碱组FVC,FEV 0.3,FEV 0.3/FVC,PEF较模型组有明显改善(P0.05,P0.01);芪白平肺颗粒血清IL-1β和IL-6,IFN-γ,TNF-a含量明显降低,IL-10水平升高(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:QBPF可改善肺功能,减轻肺组织病理变化,减少炎性因子,这可能是治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的重要机制。     

补肾安胎中药对先兆流产模型大鼠治疗机制的研究

目的观察补肾安胎中药坤元汤治疗先兆流产大鼠模型的疗效,并探讨其机制。方法灌服米非司酮建立Wistar大鼠先兆流产模型,分为坤元汤低剂量、中剂量、高剂量组,另设立空白对照组和模型对照组,检测大鼠血清及子宫组织的IFN-γ、IL-10和NO含量。结果与正常组相比,模型组血清和子宫组织中IFN-γ和NO含量显著升高,IL-10含量显著降低(P<0.05)。与模型组和坤元汤低剂量组相比,中、高剂量组血清和子宫组织IL-10含量显著增高,IFN-γ含量显降低(P<0.05),而坤元汤低、中、高剂量组的NO含量则比模型组显著降(P<0.05)。随坤元汤剂量的增加,血清NO含量依次递减(P<0.05),而子宫组织中的NO含量在中、高剂量之间无显著性差异。结论坤元汤可能通过调节炎性因子IFN-γ和IL-10及NO的含量达到治疗先兆流产的作用。     

银翘散对流感病毒FM1感染胸腺缺陷小鼠血清中IFN-γ、IgG含量的影响

目的:观察银翘散(YQS)对流感病毒感染胸腺缺陷小鼠细胞因子的影响。方法:以流感病毒亚洲甲型鼠肺适应株(FM1)感染小鼠为模型,采用银翘散灌胃治疗。用ELISA法分别检测感染后第1、3、5、7天小鼠血清中IFN-γ、IgG的含量。结果:银翘散各给药组IFN-γ的含量明显降低,与病毒感染模型组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.01),银翘散各治疗组与感染模型组的IgG含量,差异不是十分显著(P>0.05)。结论:银翘散可以降低血清中IFN-γ,说明银翘散可以降低炎性因子的表达,从而减少炎性损伤。IgG含量与感染模型组差异不是十分显著,有可能因为在病毒感染早期,机体只能产生低水平低亲和力的抗体。     

八正散加减方对慢性非细菌性前列腺炎大鼠Th1/Th2细胞平衡影响的实验研究

目的:探讨八正散加减方治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎(CAP)的作用机制。方法:取15月龄SD雄性大鼠60只,按随机数字表法分为空白组、模型组、对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组,每组l0只。除空白组外,其余组大鼠均用25%乌拉坦按1 g/kg,经腹腔注射麻醉,无菌条件下做去势手术,术后放回鼠笼,密切观察,于术后第2天皮下注射苯甲酸雌二醇0.25mg/kg,每天1次,连续30天。空白组不做任何处理,正常喂养。在最后1次皮下注射苯甲酸雌二醇后第2天,低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组分别给予3.12 g/(kg·d)、6.24 g/(kg·d)、12.48 g/(kg·d)八正散加减方水煎剂灌胃;对照组给予前列通瘀胶囊3.9g/(kg·d)灌胃;模型组灌服0.9%的生理盐水,连续用药4周。末次给药24 h后处死大鼠,留取标本。HE染色、光镜下观察各组前列腺组织的病理学表现,ELISA法测各组大鼠血清中干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白介素-4(IL-4)的含量。结果:与空白组比较,模型组血清中IFN-γ水平明显升高,IFN-γ/IL-4比值明显增高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),说明造模成功。与模型组比较,对照组、中剂量组、高剂量组血清中IFN-γ水平明显下降,IL-4水平明显升高,IFN-γ/IL-4比值明显减小,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);低剂量组血清中IFN-γ和IL-4水平、IFN-γ/IL-4比值无明显变化。与对照组比较,中剂量组、高剂量组血清中IFN-γ和IL-4水平变化不明显,IFN-γ/IL-4比值大小基本相当,差异无统计学意义。结论:八正散加减方可通过提高机体Th2细胞应答水平,进而调节Th1/Th2细胞平衡,从而达到治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎的目的。     

卡介苗对慢性绿脓杆菌性肺炎大鼠细胞因子的调节作用

目的探讨卡介苗预先免疫对慢性绿脓杆菌(PA)性肺炎大鼠模型肺部细胞因子水平的影响。方法采用卡介苗或灭菌生理盐水皮内注射预先免疫3周,然后由支气管内予以PA攻击;2周后评估各组的病死率、肺部细菌学、肺部细胞因子(IL-4、IFN-γ、TNF-α)水平的变化。结果BCG免疫组肺组织内的IFN-γ、TNF-α水平显著升高(P<0.05),肺组织匀浆PA菌落计数明显低于生理盐水对照组(P<0.01)。结论卡介苗接种能够诱导肺部Th1型细胞因子,加快PA性肺炎大鼠肺部的细菌清除,因而对PA感染大鼠具有保护作用。     

列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属植物传统药物学调查

通过野外资源调查、整理各大标本馆标本原始记录和查阅文献记载等方法,系统整理、总结、归纳了列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属民族药用植物种类、功效及民间使用情况,结果表明列当属6种药用植物在4个少数民族间作为7种民族药应用,草苁蓉属2种药用植物在8个少数民族间作为10种民族药应用,肉苁蓉属2种药用植物在3个少数民族间作为3种民族药应用,且同种药用植物常作不同民族药;发现3属植物的传统疗效主要集中在补肾壮阳、止血和止痛3个方面,并且该传统疗效与现代药理研究结果基本吻合。因此深入研究植物种类丰富的列当属植物资源对缓解肉苁蓉植物资源匮乏局面和扩大药源具有积极意义。     

追风伞中黄酮类成分的研究

目的:对追风伞中的黄酮类成分进行分离、鉴定。方法:追风伞干燥全草用95%乙醇溶液加热回流提取,减压回收乙醇,浓缩液依次用石油醚、氯仿萃取后,水层部分利用大孔吸附树脂、硅胶柱色谱、反相Rp-18柱色谱及重结晶等方法进行分离及纯化,并通过1H-NMR,13C-NMR,EI-MS及理化常数对分离化合物进行结构鉴定。结果:从追风伞提取物中分离鉴定9个黄酮类化合物,分别为:木犀草素(1),木犀草素-4′-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2),刺槐素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3),芦丁(4),刺槐素(5),槲皮素(6),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8),异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(9)。结论:所得化合物均为首次从追风伞中分离鉴定。     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

牡荆子的化学成分

目的:研究牡荆子的化学成分。方法:采用反复硅胶柱色谱、ODS、制备高效液相色谱法及重结晶等方法对牡荆子提取物进行分离纯化,根据波谱数据结合理化性质解析所得化合物的结构。结果:从牡荆子醋酸乙酯萃取部分分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为紫花牡荆素(casticin,1),去四氢铁杉脂素(detetrahydroconidendrin,2),6-羟基-4β-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-3α-羟甲基-7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-2-萘醛(6-hydroxy-4β-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3α-hydroxymethyl-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2-naphthaldehyde,3),对羟基苯甲酸乙酯(ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate,4),5,4’-二羟基-3,6,7,8,3’-五甲氧基黄酮(5,4’-dihydroxy-3,6,7,8,3’-pentamethoxyflavone,5),5-羟基-6,7,3’,4’-四甲氧基黄酮(5-hydroxy-6,7,3’,4’-tetramethoxyflavone,6),5,4’-二羟基-6,7,8,3’-四甲氧基黄酮(5,4’-dihydroxy-6,7,8,3’-tetramethoxyflavone,7),异落叶松脂素(isolariciresinol,8)。结论:化合物4,5,7为首次从该属植物中分得,化合物2为首次从该植物中分得。     

金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因克隆和生物信息学分析

目的:克隆金银花类药用植物4-二磷酸胞苷-2-C-甲基赤藓糖激酶(4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase,IspE)和4-羟基-3-甲基-2-邻苯基二磷酸还原酶(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase,IspH)基因,并对其基因序列、蛋白特性和转录活性进行分析、比较.方法:从忍冬Lonicera japonica转录组测序结果中分析获得了IspE,IspH基因.分别以忍冬、红白忍冬L.japonica var.chinensis、红腺忍冬L.hypoglauca和水忍冬L.dasystyla新鲜花蕾为材料,利用RT-PCR技术克隆获得了4种金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因的全长cDNA.运用生物信息学分析软件,预测编码蛋白的结构和功能,并通过RT-PCR检测IspE和IspH在忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬、水忍冬花蕾中的转录情况.结果:金银花类药用植物IspE基因含有1个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 221 bp,编码406个氨基酸;IspH含有一个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 380 bp,编码459个氨基酸.IspE和IspH均为非分泌蛋白,均定位于叶绿体中.RT-PCR分析结果表明在忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬的花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平没有显著差异,但红白忍冬花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平均显著高于忍冬.结论:克隆获得忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬中IspE,IspH基因,并证实了其在不同金银花类药用植物中的表达,为进一步研究IspE,IspH基因对萜类化合物生物合成和花香气以及颜色的影响奠定了基础.     

红药根的化学成分研究

采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、高效制备液相等方法,对红药根的甲醇提取物进行分离纯化,通过质谱（MS）、波谱数据分析（¹H,¹³C-NMR）进行结构鉴定。从红药根的甲醇提取物中分离7个化合物,分别鉴定为plantainoside A（1）,plantainoside B（2）,calcedarioside C（3）,calcedarioside D（4）,platyphylloside（5）,hirsutanonol（6）和hirsutanonol-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（7）。化合物均5~7为首次从该科物中分离得到。     

Antimalarial and safety evaluation of Pluchea lanceolata (DC.) Oliv. & Hiern: In-vitro and in-vivo study

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Many of the effective therapeutic strategies have been derived from ethnopharmacologically used natural products. Pluchea lanceolata is an herb employed in Indian folk medicine for malaria like fever but it lacks proper pharmacological intervention.

Aim of the study

To evaluate antimalarial and safety profile of Pluchea lanceolata: an in-vitro, in-vivo for its ethnopharmacological validation.

Materials and methods

Methanol, butanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, hexane extracts and its isolate, taraxasterol acetate (TxAc) were obtained from air dried aerial part of Pluchea lanceolata. These were tested in-vitro against chloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum NF54 by measuring the parasite specific lactate dehydrogenase activity. The most potent hexane extract and TxAc were further validated for in-vivo antimalarial and safety evaluation. TxAc, a pentacyclic-triterpene isolated from the most active fraction was further evaluated with special emphasis on inflammatory mediators involved in malaria pathogenesis. Murine malaria was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of Plasmodium berghei infected red blood cells to the male Swiss inbred mice. Mice were orally treated following Peters 4-Day suppression test. In-vivo antimalarial efficacy was examined by evaluating the parasitaemia, percent survival, mean survival time, blood glucose, haemoglobin and pro-inflammatory mediators involved in malaria pathogenesis.

Results

Hexane extract and TxAc showed promising antimalarial activity in-vitro and in-vivo condition. TxAc attributed in inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as afford to significant increase in the blood glucose and haemoglobin level when compared with vehicle treated infected mice. We have not observed the synergistic action of combinations of chloroquine and TxAc from our experimental results. In-vitro and in-vivo safety evaluation study revealed that hexane extract is non toxic at higher concentration.

Conclusion

Present study further validates the ancient Indian traditional knowledge and use of Pluchea lanceolata as an antimalarial agent. Study confirms the suitability of Pluchea lanceolata as a candidate for further studies to obtain a prototype for antimalarial medicine.     

In vitro activity of Tridax procumbens against promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Tridax procumbens is an active herb against leishmaniasis.

Aim of the study

Leishmaniasis is a group of diseases caused by Leishmania protozoa. We investigated the antileishmanial activity of Tridax procumbens extracts and a pure compound against promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana, the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the New World.

Materials and methods

Extracts and (3S)-16,17-didehydrofalcarinol (1) were obtained by chromatographic methods from Tridax procumbens, and the latter identified by spectroscopic analysis. The effect of these extracts and 1 on the growth inhibition of promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana was evaluated. In order to test the safety of extracts and 1, mammalian cells were treated with them, and cell viability was assessed using trypan blue and MTT.

Results

We demonstrated that extracts of Tridax procumbens and 1 showed a pronounced activity against Leishmania mexicana. The methanol extract inhibited promastigotes growth of Leishmania mexicana with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 3 μg/ml, while oxylipin 1 exhibited the highest inhibition at IC₅₀ = 0.478 μg/ml.

Conclusions

In this study we report the biological activity of extracts and (3S)-16,17-didehydrofalcarinol (1), obtained from Tridax procumbens, on the promastigote form of Leishmania mexicana, with no effect upon mammalian cells.     

苗药芭蕉体外抗菌活性研究

目的:研究芭蕉根和芭蕉花不同提取部位对金黄色葡萄球菌(SA)、耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和β-内酰胺酶阳性的金黄色葡萄球菌(ESBLs)的抑菌活性。方法:采用纸片扩散法测定不同提取部位的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果:芭蕉根石油醚部位对SA,MRSA和ESBLs均有抑制作用,MIC全部为31.25μg·disc-1;芭蕉根正丁醇部位对MRSA,ESBLs有抑制作用,MIC都为250μg·disc-1;芭蕉花石油醚部位对SA、MRSA和ESBLs都有抑制作用,MIC均为125μg·disc-1。抑菌活性大小顺序为芭蕉根石油醚部位芭蕉花石油醚部位芭蕉根正丁醇部位。结论:芭蕉根和芭蕉花的石油醚部位是芭蕉的抑菌活性部位。     

Anthelmintic activity of Arisaema franchetianum and Arisaema lobatum essential oils against Haemonchus contortus

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Arisaema franchetianum and Arisaema lobatum are two perennial plants native to China. Arisaema franchetianum is universally used to promote the subsidence of induration and swelling, quicken blood and relieve pains, and kill intestinal parasites in humans and animals. Arisaema lobatum is used to treat malaria, intestinal parasites, and snake and insect bites in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to determine the composition of the essential oils from Arisaema franchetianum and Arisaema lobatum and evaluate the anthelmintic effect against Haemonchus contortus.

Materials and methods

Two oils were investigated by GC and GC–MS. The anthelmintic bioassay tests of Arisaema franchetianum and Arisaema lobatum essential oil, linalool and carvacrol were performed using egg hatch assay (EHA), larval development assay (LDA) and larval migration inhibition assay (LMIA).

Results

Fifty six components representing 96.88% of the Arisaema franchetianum oil and 64 components representing 96.88% of the Arisaema lobatum oil were identified. Carvacrol and linalool were found to be the major constituents of two oils. In the EHA, greater than 99% inhibition were observed with Arisaema franchetianum oil at 10 mg/mL (CE₅₀ 1.63 mg/mL) and Arisaema lobatum oil at 5 and 10 mg/mL (CE₅₀ 0.48 mg/mL). In the LDA, both oils induced complete inhibition at 10 mg/mL, with the CE₅₀ being 1.10 mg/mL for Arisaema franchetianum oil and 0.73 mg/mL for Arisaema lobatum oil. In the LMIA, the Arisaema franchetianum oil and Arisaema lobatum oil at best inhibited 74.1% and 95.6% of larval migration at 10 mg/mL, respectively. Carvacrol exhibited similar activity to Arisaema lobatum essential oil and linalool did not show high activity in every assay.

Conclusions

These data show for the first time that the essential oils obtained from Arisaema franchetianum or Arisaema lobatum had promising anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus. Arisaema plant may offer an alternative source for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats.