十二烷基苯磺酸钠对雄性小鼠生育力的影响

目的:探讨十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对雄性小鼠生育力的影响。方法:分别将120只昆明种雌、雄性小鼠随机分为4组,每组30只。A组为与染毒SDBS两个月后的雄性小鼠交配的雌鼠;B组为与染毒SDBS两个月,停止染毒一个月后的雄鼠交配的雌鼠。A、B两组分别设对照组为a组、b组。对各组怀孕率、孕鼠平均产子数及其胎鼠情况进行比较分析。结果:与对照组相比,A、B两组的怀孕率、孕鼠平均产子数、孕鼠腹中死胎、畸胎与吸收胎比例明显降低,有显著性差异(P<0.05);A、B两组相比,小鼠怀孕率、孕鼠平均产子数、孕鼠腹中死胎、畸胎与吸收胎比例无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:十二烷基苯磺酸钠对雄性小鼠的生育力有显著影响,并且在停止染毒后的短时期内不能恢复。     

苯并咪唑对大鼠生精功能和睾丸酶活力的影响

目的探讨苯并咪唑对雄性大鼠生精功能和睾丸酶活力的影响。方法将40只清洁级 Wistar 雄性大鼠随机分为低(20mg/kg)、中(100mg/kg)、高(200mg/kg)苯并咪唑剂量组和溶剂对照组,每组10只,各组经口灌胃染毒,灌胃量为0.01 ml/g,对照组给予等量的蒸馏水和吐温80溶液,每天1次,连续80 d。染毒结束后,立即取睾丸和附睾观察其形态,测定各组大鼠体重以及睾丸和附睾重量,并计算睾丸和附睾的脏器系数;测定附睾尾精子数量和精子活动率以及睾丸标志酶的活力。结果对照组和低剂量组大鼠睾丸和附睾呈粉红色,体积大,光滑饱满。高、中剂量组大鼠睾丸和附睾呈紫红色,体积小,萎缩明显。高、中剂量组大鼠睾丸和附睾的脏器系数、精子数量和精子活动率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。高、中剂量组酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和山梨醇脱氢酶(SDH)活力均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或 P<0.01);且 ACP 和 SDH 活力随着染毒剂量的增加而降低。高剂量组乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同组别间葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G-6-PDH)活力比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论苯并咪唑可影响雄性大鼠生精功能,这可能是由于苯并咪唑影响了睾丸组织能量代谢酶导致未成熟生精细胞脱落。     

丙烯腈对雄性小鼠生殖功能影响的研究

目的　研究丙烯腈对雄性小鼠生殖功能影响。方法　给雄性性成熟小鼠皮下注射 3 ,6 ,9,12mg·kg-1体重丙烯腈 5和 35天 ,观察睾丸细胞染色体畸变率、精子质量相关指标、雄鼠生育力。结果　染毒剂量达 6mg·kg-1即可致雄鼠活精率、雌鼠妊娠率下降 ,精子畸形率、死胎率、胎吸收率升高 ,与阴性对照组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;剂量达 9,12mg·kg-1时 ,除精子计数外 ,各观察指标均与阴性对照组差异有显著性或非常显著性 ,并呈现明显的剂量反应或剂量效应关系。结论　染毒丙烯腈6mg·kg-1及以上剂量可对雄性小鼠生殖功能产生损害作用。     

环境空气污染物对女性生育力影响的研究进展

近年来,环境空气污染物对健康的影响已经不容小觑。随着社会工业化的进步及不可避免的冬季供暖,空气质量愈加恶化,雾霾天气时常出现。已有越来越多的研究表明,可吸入颗粒物(particulate matter,PM)、二氧化氮(NO2)、二氧化硫(SO2)、多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)、苯并芘(benzapyrene,BaP)作为环境空气污染物的主要成分,影响女性生殖内分泌水平,对女性生育力造成破坏,造成妊娠失败。     

三氯异氰尿酸对雄性大鼠生殖系统的影响

目的 观察三氯异氰尿酸(TCCA)长期暴露对SD雄性大鼠生殖系统的影响.方法 选取4～5周龄、体重41.3～55.0g雄性SD大鼠270只,按照每天0、0.71、2.29、7.59 mg/kg剂量水平经口饲养TCCA 12个月和24个月后,检查生殖系统各个脏器病理改变,采用LUCCA病理图像分析软件测量大鼠睾丸平均曲细精管直径(MSTD).结果TCCA染毒12个月,高剂量组睾丸曲细精管直径变小;染毒24个月,低、中、高剂量组睾丸、附睾重量和脏器系数与对照组相比均降低,中、高剂量组睾丸精子生成障碍、曲细精管萎缩和睾丸萎缩、附睾内无精子的发生率与对照组相比明显升高.结论 在2.29、7.59mg/kg的剂量水平时,TCCA的长期染毒能导致大鼠睾丸重量减轻、萎缩及精子生成障碍,TCCA对雄性SD大鼠睾丸具有明显的毒性作用.     

十溴联苯醚对雄性大鼠生殖系统的影响

将60只SD雄性大鼠随机分为空白对照组、溶剂对照组及BDE-209低、中、高(250 mg/kg,500 mg/kg,1 000 mg/kg)剂量组,每天灌胃1次,持续30 d;显微镜下观察并计算大鼠精子的数量、活动度和畸形率;应用放射免疫法测定雄性大鼠血清中睾酮(testosterone,T)、黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)、卵泡刺激素(follicle stimula-ting hormone,FSH)的水平。与对照组比较,BDE-209染毒组大鼠睾丸和附睾脏器系数明显下降,大鼠睾丸和附睾脏器系数与染毒剂量存在效应关系(P<0.05)。BDE-209染毒组大鼠精子数量和精子活动度明显低于对照组,精子畸形率明显高于对照组,大鼠精子的数量、活动度和畸形率与染毒剂量存在效应关系(P<0.05)。BDE-209染毒组大鼠血清中T、LH和FSH水平明显低于对照组,且呈剂量-效应关系。提示BDE-209亚急性染毒对雄性成年大鼠具有一定的生殖毒性。     

苯并咪唑杀菌剂的雄性生殖毒性作用机制研究进展

近年来,随着不孕不育人数的快速增加,外源性化学物的生殖毒理学研究已成为目前毒理学研究热点之一。苯并咪唑杀菌剂是世界各国工农业生产中常用的杀菌剂。虽然苯并咪唑的毒性较低,但对雄性生殖系统有明显的损伤作用,被WHO列为可疑环境内分泌干扰物。该文对苯并咪唑的雄性生殖毒性及其作用机制进行了综述,以引起人们重视农药杀菌剂的毒性作用,为今后深入研究苯并咪唑的生殖毒性作用机制提供思路。     

壬基酚对小鼠生育力的影响研究

目的 研究壬基酚（NP）经口染毒对昆明种小鼠生育力的影响,并评价其生殖和发育毒性.方法 选择健康性成熟的清洁级的昆明种小鼠128只,体重22～26 g,随机分为24、60、120 mg/kg NP染毒组和1个花生油溶剂对照组,每组32只,雌雄各半.进行小鼠生育力试验.结果 从60 mg/kg组开始,精子计数、活精率、生育指数、妊娠率均随染毒剂量增加而下降,精子畸形率随剂量增加而升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;交配指数仅在120mg/kg组下降（P＜0.05）;从24mg/kg组开始,平均每窝黄体数、着床数、活胎数均随染毒剂量升高而下降,存在明显的剂量-效应关系（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;而着床前死亡率、吸收胎率、死胎率均随染毒剂量增加而升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）.结论 经口染毒壬基酚对小鼠产生明显的生殖和发育毒性.     

大豆异黄酮对雄性子代大鼠生殖系统影响

目的 探讨雌性孕期大鼠大豆异黄酮暴露对雄性子代生殖系统的影响。方法 SD雌性大鼠按2:1比例与雄性大鼠同笼交配获取40只孕鼠。将孕鼠随机分为4组,在孕期13~19 d将大豆异黄酮以花生油为溶剂灌胃染毒,子一代雄鼠继续饲喂至90 d剖杀。结果 150及450 mg/kg大豆异黄酮组子代大鼠睾丸重量分别为2.68和216g,碱性磷酸酶活性分别为1 078.88和1058.88U乳酸脱氢酶水平分别为2 678.88和1 529.38U,精子活动度分别为20.12%和2 413%,附睾尾精子计数分别为50×10⁶g和40.5×10⁶%,睾丸每日精子生成量分别为19.46106/(g·d)和6.21106/(g·d),与对照组比较均显著下降(P<0.05)且表现出剂量-效应关系。结论 大鼠孕期较大剂量大豆异黄酮暴露对雄性子代生殖系统具有损伤作用。     

非甾体抗炎药物对雄性大鼠生育力的影响

为了研究精液中前列腺素降低影响男性生育力,便长期使用4种非甾体抗炎药物(阿司匹林,消炎痛,甲氧萘丙酸和保泰松)来测定雄性大鼠生育力。人类抗炎药物治疗剂量与动物相同。除保泰松外,其他药物均能导致精液中前列腺素E_2水平降低80～90%,但其中只有消炎痛能够显著降低生育力。结果提示大鼠精液中前列腺素水平比其他种属动物低,雄性大鼠前列腺素合成降低并不影响生育力。在脊椎动物中,人类精液中前列腺素最多。非甾体抗炎药物为阿司匹林在各种组织中包括男性生殖道均抑制前列腺素合成酶,降低人类精液中前列腺素浓度。阿司匹林一类药物降低精液中前列腺素后果还未明瞭,但每天连续给予大剂量的阿司匹林可能损伤男性生育力。Shott等报道长期给予雄性大鼠甲氧萘丙酸并不影响生育力。长期给予雄性大鼠     

Effect of sulfasalazine and its analogs on fertility in male rats

Several derivatives of sulfasalazine were tested for their antifertility activity in male rats. The compounds were administered to groups of rats daily by oral gavage for 28 days. Fertility of the rats treated with sulfasalazine or compound CH 74A was reduced, while other compounds had no effect. In a subsequent experiment, therefore, only the active compounds were studied further. Fertility of rats treated with sulfasalazine, compound CH 74A, CH 99A or sulfapyridine was reduced during 40 days of treatment. At the end of treatment, body weights were reduced in higher dose groups of sulfasalazine, CH 74A and sulfapyridine compared to control animals. The weights of the testes, prostate or seminal vesicle were not altered by any of the treatments. On the other hand, weight of the epididymides decreased in all higher dose groups except in CH 99A-treated animals. Sperm motility decreased in all the treated rats except in animals treated with low dose of sulfapyridine, whereas epididymal sperm count decreased in all but CH 99A-treated animals. These results suggest that sulfasalazine and its derivatives bring about their antifertility effects by decreasing sperm motility and/or number of spermatozoa.     

社会-心理-行为因素对男性生育力的影响

社会-心理-行为因素对男性生殖的影响受到越来越广泛的重视,其可表现为致精液质量下降、性激素水平异常、受孕率降低、不良妊娠结局乃至不育。本文介绍了近年来引起高度关注的不良社会-心理-行为因素对男性生殖影响的研究进展。     

Zinc feeding and fertility of male rats

Supplementation of the diet of adult male rats with 4,000 ppm zinc as ZnSO4 for 30 to 32 days increased the zinc content in the testis and sperm by 25 and 18 per cent respectively, but did not change the same in accessory reproductive tissues, e.g. epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate. The incidence of conception from mating between normal females and zinc fed males was lower as compared to mating between normal females and control males. This observation indicated reduced fertility of the males resulting from additional zinc ingestion. Motility of the sperm collected from the epididymis (tail) of the zinc treated rats was found to be inhibited. It has been suggested that excess zinc in the sperm was responsible for their poor motility and hence a reduced fertilising capacity.     

The effect of ketoconazole on fertility of male rats

The effect of ketoconazole on the fertility of male rats was evaluated. Three days of oral dosing with ketoconazole at 200 mg/kg reduced fertility compared to controls. A complete loss of fertility was observed after doses of 400 mg/kg. There was no change in the testicular weight, epididymal sperm concentration or epididymal weight between the control and treatment groups. Motility was reduced in the high-dose group and forward progression was reduced in both dosing groups compared to control. These data support previous observations in the dog and primate that orally administered ketoconazole alters sperm viability. Although ketoconazole is too toxic for contraceptive application, its derivatives may be useful for this purpose.     

Impairment of fertility of male rats with prazosin

This study examines the effects of subcutaneous injections of the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin on the fertility of male rats. Twice daily administration of prazosin (total 1.4 mg/kg body weight) caused an impairment of fertility (number of implants reduced from 8.4 +/- 0.6 to 1.8 +/- 1.0). This effect was produced no later than 7h after administration of prazosin (assuming mating occurs between 22.30 and 1.30) and was reversible. The treatment severely reduced the vaginal sperm count (from 15.2 +/- 2.8 to 1.0 +/- 0.5 x 10(6)) and caused an enhancement of preimplantation losses (from 22 +/- 5 to 84 +/- 9%). Libido (sexual drive), mating ability and motility of epididymal sperm remained unaltered. It is concluded that the antifertility effect of prazosin results from dysfunction of ejaculation and by suppression of the fertilizing potential of spermatozoa.     

Effect of a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, anandron, on the reproductive system and fertility in male rats

The effect of Anandron, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, on the reproductive system and fertility of adult male rats was studied. Administered at a daily oral dose of 5 mg and 10 mg (per rat) for 30 days, it caused a significant increase in the plasma testosterone levels. Spermatogenic arrest in about 20 to 50% of the tubules in 9 out of 16 rats and stimulation of Leydig cells was observed in rats treated with the higher dose. Although a reduction occurred in accessory sex organ (epididymis, seminal vesicles, SV; ventral prostate, VP; dorsal prostate, DP and coagulating gland, CG) weight, no parallel reduction was evident in the secretory indices of the epididymis (glycerylphosphorylcholine and sialic acid), VP (alkaline phosphatase) and CG (fructose). However, there was a reduction in the total content per organ of these constituents. Females mated with treated males showed postimplantation loss indicating an adverse effect of Anandron during spermiogenesis. The results suggest that the peripheral antiandrogenic potency of Anandron in intact animals is insufficient to completely neutralize the elevated levels of androgens. A microdose (1 microgram) of estradiol efficiently neutralized the central stimulatory effect of Anadron and potentiated its antiandrogenic action. The potential use of such a combination for 'Fertility Regulation' in male is discussed.     

Effect of Malvaviscus conzattii flower extract on male fertility

Chronic administration of Malvaviscus conzattii (MCV) flower extract at a dose level of 800 mg/kg b.w. for 30 consecutive days in male rats significantly reduced sperm counts and motility together with histological changes in testes. Mating with these treated animals three weeks following the drug schedule proved to be consistently infertile.     

Effect of occupational exposures on male fertility: literature review

The present review was aimed to determine the influence of working conditions, occupational exposures to potential chemical and physical reproductive toxic agents and psychological stress during work on male fertility. Significant associations were reported between impaired semen parameters and the following chemical exposures: metals (lead, mercury), pesticides (dibromochlorophane, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), ethylene glycol ethers and estrogens. The following physical exposures were shown to deteriorate sperm parameters: radiation (both ionized and microwaves) and heat. Psychological distress has another important contribution to infertility. Several studies indicated that stress has a negative impact on sperm parameters. Occupational parameters should be an important part of history taking among patients attending infertility clinics.