阵发性心房颤动患者经导管射频消融治疗的护理

目的 探索经导管射频消融治疗阵发性心房颤动患者的护理措施.方法 2005年1月-2006年7月,5例阵发性心房颤动患者经导管行射频消融治疗,前3例采用肺静脉节段性电隔离,后2例采用三维标测系统指导下的环肺静脉线性消融,对其进行密切观察和护理.结果 5例患者即刻成功率100%,2例患者分别于术后1 d、3 d心房颤动复发,5例均无严重并发症发生.结论 做好心理护理,加强迷走神经反射、血栓栓塞、肺静脉狭窄、心包压塞等的观察对提高手术的安全性具有重要的意义.     

完全肺静脉电隔离在环肺静脉导管射频消融治疗阵发性心房颤动中的意义

目的:评价环肺静脉导管射频消融治疗阵发性心房颤动时以完全肺静脉电隔离作为消融终点的意义。方法:将83例有症状的阵发性房颤患者分为两组,在CARTO指导下,行环肺静脉的线型消融一组(CPVA Lasso组)43例,消融终点:肺静脉传入、传出阻滞,肺静脉完全电隔离。另一组(CPVA组)40例,消融终点为两侧环肺静脉消融线完整,局部双极电位振幅减低>80%或振幅<0.1 mv;随访3～6个月,对部分药物无效的复发房颤或房速的患者行第2次消融治疗,采用CPVA Lasso方案。结果:第1次消融结束后,两组患者经过3～6个月随访,CPVA组有24例(60%),CPVA Lasso组32例(74%),在停服抗心律失常药物后无房颤或房速的发作。对两组中20例药物无效的复发房颤或房速的患者行第2次消融手术,再次消融术中所有患者均采用CPVA Lasso方案,术后随访3～9个月,停服抗心律失常药物后,症状性房颤或房速不再发作者18例(90%)。结论:环肺静脉导管射频消融治疗有症状的阵发性房颤患者时,以完全肺静脉电隔离为消融终点可有效防止房颤的复发。     

阵发性心房颤动患者经导管射频消融治疗的护理

目的探索经导管射频消融治疗阵发性心房颤动患者的护理措施。方法2005年1月-2006年7月,5例阵发性心房颤动患者经导管行射频消融治疗,前3例采用肺静脉节段性电隔离,后2例采用三维标测系统指导下的环肺静脉线性消融,对其进行密切观察和护理。结果5例患者即刻成功率100%,2例患者分别于术后1d、3d心房颤动复发,5例均无严重并发症发生。结论做好心理护理,加强迷走神经反射、血栓栓塞、肺静脉狭窄、心包压塞等的观察对提高手术的安全性具有重要的意义。     

经皮导管射频消融治疗心房颤动病人的护理

阵发性心房颤动（PAF）是没有器质性心脏病的心房颤动,主要发病机制之一是来自肺静脉肌袖的快速电激动的触发。导管射频消融肺静脉电隔离术是应用射频能量消融诱发心房颤动的异位兴奋灶来根治阵发性心房颤动的一项技术,其疗效已得到临床研究证实,是近年来心房颤动非药物治疗的一项重要进展。由于阵发性心房颤动的异位兴奋灶绝大多数（约90％以上）位于肺静脉,特别是双上肺静脉,使得这一治疗的操作程序有别于其他心律失常的射频消融治疗。且手术时间长,消融部位多,因术中病人往往疼痛明显,有时不能配合手术。     

单鞘管法射频消融治疗阵发性心房颤动的可行性分析

目的:探讨应用单鞘管方法对阵发性心房颤动患者行导管射频消融术的可行性.方法:行射频消融治疗阵发性心房颤动患者28例随机分为A组10例,B组18例.A组行双鞘管2次穿刺房间隔置入长鞘消融,B组行单次穿刺置鞘消融.比较2组手术时间、X线透视时间、肺静脉隔离率、圈术期并发症发生率.结果:A组手术时间、X线透视时间分别为135～240(168±34)min,19～38(22±6)min,B组分别为115～270(181±46)min,21～42(29±11)min,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).A、B组各有1例患者未完成肺静脉隔离,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).2组围术期均未出现并发症.结论:单鞘管法射频消融治疗阵发性心房颤动与常规双鞘管方法同样安全、有效.     

单鞘管法射频消融治疗阵发性心房颤动的可行性分析

目的:探讨应用单鞘管方法对阵发性心房颤动患者行导管射频消融术的可行性。方法:行射频消融治疗阵发性心房颤动患者28例随机分为A组10例,B组18例。A组行双鞘管2次穿刺房间隔置入长鞘消融,B组行单次穿刺置鞘消融。比较2组手术时间、X线透视时间、肺静脉隔离率、围术期并发症发生率。结果:A组手术时间、X线透视时间分别为135~240(168±34)min,19~38(22±6)min,B组分别为115~270(181±46)min,21~42(29±11)min,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A、B组各有1例患者未完成肺静脉隔离,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组围术期均未出现并发症。结论:单鞘管法射频消融治疗阵发性心房颤动与常规双鞘管方法同样安全、有效。     

超声消融电隔离肺静脉治疗阵发性心房颤动9例

目的　利用美国IBI公司生产的超声消融球囊导管和超声消融发生仪治疗和随访阵发性心房颤动 9例 ,观察疗效和并发症。方法　 9例患者中男性 5例 ,女性 4例 ,平均年龄 (5 4 4± 5 2 )岁。其中 1例为轻度高血压患者 ,其余无明显器质性心血管病病史。阵发性心房颤动病史平均为 (4 3± 3 7)年。全部患者房颤发作频率在每月 3次或以上。经穿间隔卵圆窝置入左 1号Swartz鞘 ,经Swartz鞘送入头端可控大头电极分别送至不同肺静脉 ,直接用大头电极标侧肺静脉肌袖电位或换用A focus电极标侧 ,对存在肌袖电位的肺静脉行超声消融。功率一般为 35～ 4 0瓦 ,温度为 6 0℃ ,每次消融时间为 12 0秒 ,重复至肺静脉电位被隔离或消失 ,但同一肺静脉重复消融不超过 10次。结果　本组完全成功脱离药物治疗 3例 ,发作次数明显减少或少量药物能够维持不发作 2例 ,有 2例完全无效 ,另 2例需要进一步随访。结论　超声消融肺静脉电隔离治疗阵发性心房颤动 ,本组成功率和有效率超过 5 0 % ,无肺静脉狭窄等并发症。     

阵发性心房颤动导管射频消融患者的护理

阵发性心房纤颤（简称房颤）是临床最常见的慢性心律失常之一，并且有很高的致残率和致死率。对房颤的治疗有药物治疗、非药物治疗等多种方法。射频消融治疗房颤是一种非药物治疗控制严重影响节律的手段，其主要目的是改善房颤患者的症状，提高患者的生活质量。我院2005年7-10月对2例阵发性房颤患者行导管射频消融隔离肺静脉术，取得了良好的效果，现报道如下。     

经导管个体化射频消融治疗心房颤动的临床研究

目的探索在非接触式标测系统引导下经导管个体化射频消融治疗阵发性心房颤动(AF)与持续性AF的可行性、安全性及其疗效。方法 64例AF患者,其中阵发性AF35例,持续AF29例,所有患者经房间隔穿刺在左心房对AF进行非接触式等电位标测,利用计算机导航系统指导消融导管行个体化射频消融,直至AF被终止且不被诱发。收集总手术时间、X线曝光量、放电次数、消融结果、并发症及术后随访资料。结果 82.8%(53/64)患者AF终止且不能诱发,其余被转为心房扑动或房性心动过速,平均手术时间、X线曝光时间、放电次数均大大减少,阵发性AF放电次数(35.1±13.8)次,明显少于持续性(66.7±21.3)次,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),术后随访10～72个月,平均(52.1±15.8)个月,其中79.6%(51/64)无复发,10.9%(7/64)发作心房扑动、房性心动过速,9.3%(6/64)术后复发AF。结论在非接触式等电位标测系统的引导下经导管个体化消融阵发性AF与持续性AF是有效的,相对于针对所有肺静脉都进行隔离的常规消融术式,平均手术时间、X线曝光时间、放电次数更低,同时亚组分析显示消融治疗阵发性AF的手术时间、放电次数均显著低于持续性AF,经导管消融治疗阵发性AF的效益比更佳。     

心房颤动经导管射频消融治疗的护理特点

心房颤动（房颤）经导管射频消融治疗是近几年治疗心律失常的一项重要进展，但与其他快速性心律失常的导管消融治疗比较，这项治疗操作较为复杂，发生并发症的风险相对较高，治疗是否成功往往需要一定的观察时间。因此，在并发症的观察、药物治疗的护理及心理护理等方面具有一定的特点。本文总结了160例房颤经导管射频消融治疗的护理特点，报告如下。     

射频消融术治疗慢性房颤后左室功能的变化

[目的]评价导管射频消融术治疗慢性心房颤动后左室功能的变化.[方法]83例慢性房颤患者随机分配到药物治疗组或射频消融术治疗组.药物治疗组38例,平均年龄(53.2±8.9)岁,射频消融术治疗组45例,平均年龄(52.7±9.0)岁.分别于治疗前及治疗后第3、6个月随访,复查心电图、24 h动态心电图及超声心动图,评估患...     

Anatomy-Guided Linear Atrial Lesions for Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation

The surgical atrial maze procedure has provided proof that atrial fibrillation can be cured by performing atrial incisions based on anatomical and electrophysiological principles. Preliminary reports of attempts at radio frequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation utilizing an anatomy-based "linear incision" method have shown the feasibility of the method. However, postprocedural atrial fibrillation recurrence has been common and in addition new, uniform tachycardias have developed in some patients. Both of these outcomes may be in part due to incomplete or inconsistent lesion deployment. This article details the use of the CARTO system for deploying anatomy guided linear atrial lesions for the purpose of curing atrial fibrillation. The procedure is comprised of three phases, which are discussed in detail: (1) baseline map: (2) lesion deployment and; (3) lesion assessment. Using a single standard ablation electrode, lesions can be deployed safely, and complete lesions can be confirmed. Paradigms for right and left atrial incisions are proposed.     

Radiation Exposure During Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation

MACLE, L., et al. : Radiation Exposure During Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation. RF catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is associated with prolonged fluoroscopy. The procedural duration and fluoroscopic exposure to patients and medical staff were recorded and compared among 43 ablation procedures for PAF, 20 for common atrial flutter, and 16 for accessory pathways. Patient radiation exposure was measured by dosimeters placed over the xyphoid, while that of physicians and nurses was measured by dosimeters placed outside and inside the lead apron. The mean fluoroscopy time was   57 ± 30   minutes for PAF,   20 ± 10   minutes for common flutter, and   22 ± 21   minutes for accessory pathway ablation. The patient median radiation exposure was 1110μSv for PAF, compared with 500 μSv for common flutter and 560 μSv for accessory pathway ablation (P < 0.01). The median radiation exposure to physician and nurse inside the lead apron were, respectively, 2 μSv and 3 μSv for PAF, 1 μSv and 2 μSv for common flutter, and <0.5 μSv and 3 μSv for accessory pathway ablations. RF catheter ablation for PAF was associated with prolonged fluoroscopy times and a twofold higher radiation exposure to the patient and physician compared with other ablation procedures. Assuming 300 procedures/year, radiation exposure to the medical staff was below the upper recommended annual dose limit. (PACE 2003; 26[Pt. II]:288–291)     

Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy after Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Objectives: The use of antiarrhythmic drugs after ablation is a controversial issue when evaluating the efficacy of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. This study compares in a prospective and randomized fashion the impact of an antiarrhythmic drug in preventing AF recurrence after AF ablation.
Methods: From February 2004 to May 2005, 107 consecutive patients (mean age 57 ± 10 years, 69 men), with paroxysmal (60%) or persistent (40%) drug refractory AF, were randomly assigned to ablation alone (Group A, 53 patients) or combined with the best antiarrhythmic therapy, preferably amiodarone (Group B, 54 patients). All patients underwent cavo-tricuspid and left inferior pulmonary vein (PV)-mitral isthmus ablation plus circumferential PV ablation, using a guided electro-anatomical approach. Standard electrocardiograms (ECG), and ambulatory and transtelephonic ECG monitoring were used to assess AF recurrences. Recurrences during the first month after ablation were excluded from this analysis.
Results: At 12 months of follow-up, no significant difference was observed in the rates of AF recurrences between Group A (18/53 patients, 34%) and Group B (16/54 patients, 30%). The percentage of patients with ≥1 asymptomatic AF episode was higher in Group B than in Group A (10/16 patients, 63%, vs 5/18 patients, 28%, P = 0.04).
Conclusions: Continuing antiarrhythmic drug therapy in patients who undergo catheter ablation for AF did not lower the rate of AF recurrences. Antiarrhythmic drugs increased the proportion of patients with asymptomatic AF episodes.     

Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in adults, and its prevalence is on the rise. Catheter ablation of AF, once considered a novel procedure, has become the most commonly performed technique for treating patients with severe symptomatic AF. This article reviews the latest American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/Heart Rhythm Society guideline on the indications for AF and summarizes techniques available to achieve freedom of recurrent arrhythmia and relief from symptoms. Nurse practitioners need to provide guideline-directed care before, during, and after catheter ablation to improve patients’ quality of life and prevent complications.     

Contemporary Challenges of Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation

Purpose

Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) is now one of the most frequently performed ablation procedures, but there are currently 2 important challenges: achieving permanent/durable rather than transient pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and improving the results of ablation for the wider patient population with persistent AF.

Methods

Recent technical advances in the technique of ablation and the results of clinical trials aimed at achieving more permanent and durable PVI are reviewed. We also summarize recent advances in identifying atrial fibrosis and in understanding the pathophysiology of AF relevant to selecting patients for ablation of persistent AF.

Findings

The use of contact force–sensing technology, adenosine testing after ablation, and pace capture–guided ablation all have the potential for achieving more durable ablation. Selection of patients suitable for ablation of persistent AF may be improved by assessing the extent of atrial fibrosis with delayed enhancement imaging with cardiac magnetic resonance or by assessing the pattern of atrial electrical activity with the use of complex atrial electrograms. Advances in treatment are likely to result from the recognition of localized rotors and focal sources as primary sustaining mechanisms for all types of human AF and in the use of noninvasive mapping for their identification. Linear ablation to supplement PVI may improve the results of AF ablation.

Implications

Rapidly unfolding advances in the techniques of AF ablation and the understanding of mechanisms of AF hold promise for improving the durability of PVI and for extending the technique to carefully selected patients with persistent AF.     

Cost Analysis of Catheter Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

WEERASOORIYA, R., et al. : Cost Analysis of Catheter Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation . RF ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is a curative treatment, which when successful, eliminates the need to take antiarrhythmic drugs, be anticoagulated, and have recurrent physician visits or hospital admissions. The authors performed a retrospective cost comparison of RF ablation versus drug therapy for PAF. The study population consisted of 118 consecutive patients with symptomatic, drug refractory PAF who underwent   1.52 ± 0.71   RF ablation procedures (range 1–4) for PAF. During a follow-up of 32 ± 15 weeks, 85 (72%) patients remained free of clinical recurrence in absence of antiarrhythmic drugs. The cost of RF ablation was calculated in the year 2001 euros on the basis of resource use. The mean cost of pharmacologic treatment prior to ablation was 1,590 euros/patient per year. The initial cost of RF ablation for PAF was 4,715 euros, then 445 euros/year. After 5 years, the cost of RF ablation was below that of ongoing medical management, and continued to diverge thereafter. RF catheter ablation may be a cost-effective alternative to long-term drug therapy in patients with symptomatic, drug refractory PAF. (PACE 2003; 26[Pt. II]:292–294)     

收缩期左房应变及应变率与阵发性房颤射频消融治疗效果的研究

【目的】用基于斑点追踪技术的应变及应变率来评价房颤患者左房机械功能,并探讨其与射频消融治疗效果的关系。【方法】对拟行射频消融治疗的42例阵发性房颤患者术前测量收缩期左房应变及应变率,追踪观察患者射频消融术治疗效果。分析收缩期左房应变及应变率与射频消融治疗效果的关系。【结果】42患者均顺利完成射频消融治疗,在3个月追踪期内13例患者出现房颤复发（33．3％）,余29例维持窦性心率。复发组年龄、性别比、左房内径、左房客积、左室射血分数与无复发组比较均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;复发组左房收缩期总体应变及应变率均低于无复发组,其差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。【结论】收缩期左房应变及应变率与房颤患者射频消融术成功率有明显关系。     

Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation Versus Cryoballoon Ablation in the Treatment of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: A Cost-effectiveness Analysis in China

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) compared with cryoballoon (CB) ablation in the treatment of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) from the payer's perspective in China.