黄芪多糖对烧伤小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响

我们应用小鼠非麻醉状态下Ⅲ度烧伤模型，观察烧伤后６天细胞免疫功能的变化及黄芪多糖（ＡＰＳ）体内应用对烧伤后细胞免疫功能的影响。结果显示：烧伤后６天小鼠的脾脏指数和胸腺指数降低，脾细胞的Ｔ淋巴细胞转化、白介素２（ＩＬ－２）的产生均明显受抑；烧伤小鼠血清、巨噬细胞对Ｔ淋巴细胞转化的抑制作用明显增强，抑制性Ｔ细胞（Ｔｓ）的抑制指数也高于正常。ＡＰＳ经腹腔注射（２５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，每天一次，连续５天）不仅可明显提高正常小鼠的脾脏指数和胸腺指数，还可使烧伤小鼠的脾脏指数和胸腺指数恢复正常；ＡＰＳ体内应用还可纠正烧伤小鼠Ｔ淋巴细胞转化，ＩＬ－２产生的受抑状态，并可使烧伤小鼠血清、巨噬细胞及Ｔｓ的抑制活性降低至正常水平。上述结果提示：烧伤小鼠细胞免疫功能受抑与烧伤后血清、巨噬细胞及Ｔｓ的抑制作用有关；黄芪多糖体内治疗可降低烧伤后血清、巨噬细胞、Ｔｓ的抑制活性，恢复烧伤后受损的细胞免疫功能     

黄芪多糖对烧伤小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响

我们应用小鼠非麻醉状态下ＩＩＩ度烧伤模型，观察烧伤后６天细胞免疫功能的变化及黄芪多糖体内应用对烧伤后细胞免疫功能的影响。结果显示：烧后６天小鼠的脾脏指数和胸腺指数降低，脾细胞的Ｔ淋巴细胞转化，白介素２的产生均明显受抑；烧伤小鼠血清，巨噬细胞对Ｔ淋巴细胞转化的抑制作用明显增强，抑制性Ｔ细胞的抑制指数也高于正常。ＡＰＳ经腹腔注射（２５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，每天一次，连续５天）不仅可明显提高正常小鼠的脾脏指数和     

烧伤小鼠血清中前列腺素E_2变化与T淋巴细胞的关系

严重烧伤可致机体的细胞免疫功能受抑,这同烧伤血清的抑制作用关系密切。前列腺素 E_2(PGE_2)是近年来研究较多的炎症介质,其免疫抑制作用已受到重视,但烧伤后血清中 PGE_2的变化规律及其与 T 淋巴细胞的关系尚待研究。这一问题的揭示将有助于阐明 PGE_2在烧伤免疫抑制反应中的地位和作用。我们利用小鼠Ⅲ度烧伤模型对此进行了探讨。     

烧伤小鼠血清中前列腺素E_2变化与T淋巴细胞的关系

烧伤小鼠血清中前列腺素Ｅ_２变化与Ｔ淋巴细胞的关系梁华平，张艳，田丰群，耿波严重烧伤可致机体的细胞免疫功能受抑，这同烧伤血清的抑制作用关系密切［１］。前列腺素Ｅ２（ＰＧＥ２）是近年来研究较多的炎症介质，其免疫抑制作用已受到重视，但烧伤后血清中ＰＧＥ２?..     

烧伤小鼠活化T细胞内游离钙浓度、蛋白激酶C活性的变化及意义

采用 TBSA10%Ⅲ度烧伤小鼠模型探讨了烧伤后小鼠活化 T 细胞内游离钙浓度([Ca~(2 )]i)蛋白激酶 C(PKC)活性的变化及其同 T 细胞功能之间的关系。结果显示,烧伤后活化 T 细胞内[Ca~(2 )i]降低,PKC 活性下降,且这一变化同烧伤小鼠 T 细胞白介素2(IL-2)mRNA、IL-2受体α(IL-2Rα)mRNA 水平降低,IL-2生成减少,IL-2Rα表达受抑,T 淋巴细胞转化降低密切相关。钙离子导入剂A23187及 PKC 激活剂 TPA 在体外可分别提高烧伤小鼠活化 T 细胞内[Ca~(2 )]i、PKC 活性至正常对照水平,也可明显提高烧伤小鼠 T 细胞 IL-2及 IL-2Rα的基因表达水平,但不能使之恢复正常。提示活化T 细胞内[Ca~(2 )]i、PKC 活性降低是导致烧伤后 T 细胞功能受抑的原因之一。     

使用免疫调节剂维持烧伤鼠脾辅助和抑制淋巴细胞亚群的正常水平

用特殊单克隆抗体标记淋巴细胞亚群以测定各种疾病状态下的细胞免疫水平,看来是一种可靠的方法。烧伤后细胞免疫抑制在伤后10～14天最为突出,至伤后18～21天恢复至正常水平。作者测定了小鼠皮肤烧伤20～25％后的脾脏辅助/激发和抑制/细胞毒淋巴细胞亚群的数值,并观察鼠烧伤后切除焦痂、腹腔内注射或创面局敷各种药物对淋巴细胞亚群的影响。     

严重烧伤后小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞跨膜信号转导的改变与IL－2、IL－10分泌

目的 探索严重烧伤后小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞功能改变及IL-2、IL-10分泌规律。并从T淋巴细胞活化跨膜信号转导途径寻找导致其改变的原因。方法 检测T淋巴细胞表面抗原受体TCRα/β，辅助刺激分子CD28及参与跨膜信号转导的G蛋白、蛋白酪氨酸激酶(PTK)、蛋白激酶C(PKC)的活性改变，观察伤后不同时相T淋巴细胞增殖转化功能及IL-2、IL—10分泌活性。分析各信号转导分子改变与T淋巴细胞功能活性改变之间的关系。结果 烧伤后T细胞膜表面分子TCRα/β、CD28表达阳性率降低，GTPase活性和膜PTK活性均受抑，但于伤后168h恢复，转膜PKC活性出现先降低后升高的双相改变，且与IL—10水平密切相关。结论 烧伤后T细胞膜表面分子TCRα/β、CD28和跨膜信号转导酶活性的改变是导致伤后IL-2分泌降低、T细胞功能受抑和IL-10分泌先降低后升高双相改变的重要原因。     

鞘内注射曲马多对大鼠细胞免疫功能的影响

目的 评价鞘内注射曲马多对大鼠细胞免疫功能的影响.方法 32只成年雄性SD大鼠,体重250～300 g,采用改良Yaksh法进行鞘内置管成功后,随机分为4组(n=8):生理盐水组(NS组);不同剂量曲马多组(T1～3组)分别鞘内输注曲马多50、25、12.5μg/h.置管后5 d鞘内输注生理盐水或不同剂量曲马多,泵容量200 μl,泵速1μl/h,鞘内输注7 d后行福尔马林实验,采用痛级评分评价镇痛效果后处死大鼠,称取体重及脾脏重量,计算脾脏指数,并分离、培养脾脏淋巴细胞,甲基-3H胸腺嘧啶核苷掺入法检测脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖转化水平,乳酸脱氢酶释放法检测脾脏自然杀伤(NK)细胞活力.结果 与NS组比较,不同剂量曲马多组在福尔马林给药后5 min和20～60 min时痛级评分降低,T1组脾脏指数、T淋巴细胞增殖转化水平降低(P<0.05),T2组和T3组脾脏指数和T淋巴细胞增殖转化水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).不同剂量曲马多组NK细胞活力与NS组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 大鼠鞘内注射曲马多在产生良好的抗伤害作用时,曲马多12.5、25μg/h不抑制细胞免疫功能,较大剂量(50 μg/h)抑制细胞免疫功能.     

烧伤对小鼠巨噬细胞白介素12和T细胞干扰素γ、白介素4表达的影响

目的 探讨深Ⅱ度烧伤对小鼠巨噬细胞和T细胞的增殖分化及其白细胞介素12（IL－12）、干扰素γ（IFN-γ）和白细胞介素4（IL－4）基因表达的影响。方法 小鼠背部12％TBSA深Ⅱ度烧伤。分离并计数腹腔巨噬细胞,RT－PCR检测其IL－12 p35和p40亚基的基因表达水平;测定脾体比,脾脏组织学观察,分离脾脏T细胞,RT－PCR检测其IFN－γ和IL－4的基因表达水平。结果 （1）伤后3d时腹腔巨噬细胞数量显减少,此后迅速恢复;（2）伤后腹腔巨噬细胞IL－12 p35和p40的基因表达增强;（3）伤后脾脏指数增加,脾脏淋巴细胞核分裂相增多;（4）伤后脾脏T细胞的IFN－γ和IL－4表达量增加。结论 12％ TBSA深Ⅱ度烧伤能够刺激小鼠巨噬细胞的IL－2表达和T细胞的增殖分化以及其IFN－γ与IL－4的基因表达。     

烧伤引起的免疫学改变

目前一致认为,感染是烧伤死亡的主要原因。全面衡量正常防御机理及其在烧伤后的异常改变,对制订有效的治疗方案以降低死亡率及并发症率是十分重要的。正常宿主防御可分为特异性与非特异性免疫反应。免疫又再分为细胞免疫和体液免疫,前者受一种特殊类型的淋巴细胞影响,称T细胞或胸腺依赖细胞;后者     

神经生长因子（NGF）促进挤压伤坐骨神经再生

作者就神经生长因子（ＮＧＦ）对挤压伤坐骨神经再生和作用进行了研究．３０只大鼠分为６组，每组各５只，双侧１０条坐骨神经．其中３组为对照组，３组为ＮＧＦ治疗组，观察期分别为１２、２８和５６天．结果显示ＮＧＦ治疗可使神经肌肉动作电位出现提早，运动神经传导速度加快，再生有髓神经纤维直径增粗及早期再生有髓神经纤维数量增加，表明ＮＧＦ可促进挤压伤坐骨神经再生．     

Benignes Prostatasyndrom (BPS)

Zusammenfassung Die instrumentellen Verfahren zur Behandlung des benignen Prostatasyndroms (BPS) werden heute im Rahmen eines abgestuften Therapieschemas eingesetzt, oft nach vorangegangener medikamentöser Therapie. Neben der seit Jahrzehnten bewährten Standardmethode, der transurethralen Resektion der Prostata (TURP) und deren z. T. essenziellen Modifikationen (Vaporesektion; bipolare Resektion), gelangen zunehmend alternative operative Verfahren, wie transurethrale Mikrowellentherapie (TUMT), transurethrale Nadelablation der Prostata (TUNA) oder Laservaporisation bzw. -resektion, in den Fokus des Interesses. Unter Zuhilfenahme der aktuellen Datenlage, vorzugsweise aus randomisierten kontrollierten Studien (randomized controlled trials, RCT), wird zu den einzelnen Verfahren kritisch Stellung bezogen. Darüber hinaus wird der Stellenwert der offenen Prostataadenomenukleation dargelegt.     

骨肉瘤细胞PCNA测定的临床意义

使用单克隆抗体测定４２例骨肉瘤化疗前后石蜡包埋切片的增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ），发现免疫反应阳性颗粒集中在细胞核仁区。ＰＣＮＡ标记指数分布为２１．１％～６８．５％（平均４２％），以均数４２％分为高ＰＣＮＡ指数组（ＬＩ≥４２％；ｎ＝２５）和低ＰＣＮＡ指数组（ＬＩ＜４２％；ｎ＝１７），发现高指数组肿瘤直径大于低指数组，而患者年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、组织类型及肺转移，两组统计无差异，但３年生存率，高指数组明显低于低指数组。化疗前后ＰＣＮＡ指数以增殖细胞坏死率表达可以评价化疗敏感性     

Radioimmunoassays of Ethinyl-norgestrienone (R-2323) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and their clinical applicability

Summary Radioimmunoassays for 2 synthetic progestins (Ethinyl-norgestrienone, R 2323 and medroxyprogesterone acetate, MPA) are demonstrated. 10 patients aged 31 to 72 years were treated with ethinyl-norgestrienone with different schedules and 3 men suffering from benign prostatic hypertrophy were treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate. Plasma levels of testosterone, LH, FSH were monitored before, during and after treatment.     

Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI) is not Associated with Elevated Intracranial Pressure (ICP)

Summary Objective. Traditionally, intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring has been utilized in all patients with severe head injury (Glasgow coma score of 3–8). Ventriculostomy placement, however, does carry a 4 to 10 percent complication rate consisting mostly of hematoma and infection. The authors propose that a subgroup of patients presenting with severe head trauma and diffuse axonal injury without associated mass lesion, do not need ICP monitoring. Additionally, the monitoring data from ICP, MAP, and CPP for a comparison severe head injury group, and subgroups of DAI would be presented. Materials and methods. Thirty-six patients sustaining blunt head trauma and fitting our strict clinical and radiographic diagnosis of DAI were enrolled in our study. Inclusion criteria were severe head injury patients who did not regain consciousness after the initial impact, and whose CT scan demonstrated characteristic punctate hemorrhages of <10 mm diameter at the greywhite junction, basal ganglia, corpus callosum, upper brainstem, or a combination of the above. Patients with significant mass lesions and documented anoxia were excluded. Their intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were compared to a control group of 36 consecutive patients with severe non-penetrating non-operative head injury, using the Analysis for Variance method. Results. Eighteen (50.0%), six (16.7%), and twelve (33.3%) patients had types I, II, and III DAI, respectively. The admission Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) was higher for types I and II than for type III DAI. ICP was monitored from 23 to 165 hours, with a mean ICP for 36 patients of 11.70 mmHg (SEM=75) and a range from 4.3 to 17.3 mmHg. Of all ICP recordings, of which 89.7% (2421/2698) were ≤20 mmHg. Average mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 96.08 mmHg (SEM=1.69), and 94.6% (2038/2154) of all MAP readings were greater than 80 mmHg. Average cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) was 85.16 mmHg (SEM=1.68), and 90.1% (1941/2154) of all CPP readings were greater than 70 mmHg. This is compared to the control group mean ICP, MAP, and CPP of 16.84 mmHg (p=0.000021), 92.80 mmHg (p=0.18), and 76.49 mmHg (p=0.0012). No treatment for sustained elevated ICP>20 mmHg was needed for DAI patients except in two; one with extensive intraventricular and subarachnoid hemorrhage who developed communicating hydrocephalus, and another with ventriculitis requiring intrathecal and intravenous antibiotic treatments. Two complications, one from a catheter tract hematoma, and another with Staph epidermidis ventriculitis, were encountered. All patients, except type III DAI, generally demonstrated marked clinical improvement with time. The outcome, as measured by Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) and Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) was similarly better with types I and II than type III DAI. Conclusion. The authors conclude that ICP elevation in DAI patients without associated mass lesions is not as prevalent as other severe head injured patients, therefore ICP monitoring may not be as critical. The presence of an ICP monitoring device may contribute to increased morbidity. Of key importance, however, is an accurate clinical history and interpretation of the CT scan.     

强直性脊柱炎慢作用药治疗3年以上随访分析

目的：了解柳氮磺胺吡啶、甲氨蝶呤、雷公藤多甙以及三种药物联合治疗强直性脊柱炎的远期疗效。方法：４６例活动性ＡＳ分别给予柳氮磺胺吡啶、甲氨蝶呤、雷公藤多甙以及三种药物联合治疗３年以上，通过观察晨僵腰痛、实验室及放射学检查以及医师与２全面评价的变化来确定疗效。结果：总临床疗效分别为显效８２．６％，有效１５．２％。有５６．５％患者经单种慢作用药治疗可以控制病情发展，６．５％病例需应用两种以上慢作用药，尤     

Evaluation of Effect and Comparison of Superoxidised Solution (Oxum) V/S Povidone Iodine (Betadine)

Wounds expose a patient to serious hazards like wound infection, tissue destruction, disfiguring and disabling scars. Use of superoxidised solution (oxum) in infected wounds, ulcers, diabetic wounds, abcesses, burns reduced morbidity and hospital stay with its early wound healing effect. To evaluate the effect of superoxidised water (Oxum) V/s povidone iodine (Betadine) on similar types of wounds. We retrospectively analysed the records of two hundred patients with different types of wounds who attended Department of Surgery, Guru Nanak Dev Hospital/Govt. Medical College, Amritsar from January 2008 to January 2009. The patients were divided into two groups. Group A where topical management and dressing was done using oxum and group B where topical management and dressing was done using betadine. A standard grading in terms of percentage decrease in wound size, periwound oedema/erythema, pus discharge and percentage increase in granulation, fibrin and epithelisation was noted in various types of wounds in both groups. Oxum treated wounds showed reduction in inflammation and their healing earlier than betadine group. Oxum application was safe having no pain and allergic manifestation.     

Relationship of non-LDL-bound apo(a), urinary apo(a) fragments and plasma Lp(a) in patients with impaired renal function.

BACKGROUND: Plasma lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] has been shown to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis in numerous studies. However, the catabolism of this lipoprotein is not very clear. We and others have shown that Lp(a) is excreted into urine in the form of fragments. Lp(a) has also been shown to exist in a low-density non-lipoprotein (LDL)-bound form. Since Lp(a) is increased in all forms of kidney disease with reduced excretory kidney function and decreased excretion of apo(a) fragments could be partially responsible for this increase, we investigated the relationship of non-LDL-bound apo(a), urinary apo(a) fragments and plasma Lp(a) in patients with impaired renal function. METHODS: Plasma Lp(a), non-LDL-bound apo(a) and urinary apo(a) fragments were measured in 55 kidney disease patients (28 males and 27 females) and matched controls. RESULTS: Plasma Lp(a) and non-LDL-bound apo(a) were increased in patients, whereas urinary apo(a) was decreased, especially in patients with a creatinine clearance < 70 ml/min. There was a significant correlation between plasma Lp(a) and non-LDL-bound apo(a) in patients and controls. CONCLUSION: We conclude that decreased urinary apo(a) excretion could be one possible mechanism of increased plasma Lp(a) and non-LDL-bound apo(a) in patients with decreased kidney function.     

脉冲电磁场对带血供周围神经移植修复脊髓损伤的作用

目的：探讨脉冲电磁场对带血供周围神经移植修复脊髓损伤的作用。方法：将４０只雌性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ成年鼠分为Ａ、Ｂ２组,Ａ组为单纯用带血供的正中神经移植修复脊髓损伤,Ｂ组为带血供正中神经移植后给予脉冲电磁场治疗,术后６０ｄ进行大体、组织学（光、电镜）观察、电生理检测及移植神经内再生轴突形态计量分析。结果：在组织学,神经传于单纯带血供周围神经移植的Ａ组。结论：带血供周围神经是修复脊髓损伤较为理想的移植材料,