增殖性糖尿病性视网膜病变患者心理状态与社会支持的相关性

目的:研究增殖性糖尿病性视网膜病变(PDR)患者心理状态与社会支持的相关性。方法:采用方便抽样方法,对我院收治的200例PDR患者进行问卷调查,包括一般情况调查、焦虑自评量表(SAS)问卷、抑郁自评量表(SDS)问卷和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)问卷,分析患者心理状态与社会支持的相关。结果:SAS评分为(48.76±7.35)分,SDS评分为(53.14±8.92)分;SSRS总评分为(39.75±6.22)分,其中主观支持评分为(21.73±4.06)分,客观支持评分为(9.45±2.39)分,社会利用度评分为(8.68±1.94)分。PDR患者焦虑与SSRS主观支持(r=-0.188,P0.05)、SSRS客观支持(r=-0.180,P0.05)、SSRS社会利用度(r=-0.137,P0.05)及SSRS总社会支持(r=-0.204,P0.05)均呈负相关;PDR患者抑郁与SSRS主观支持(r=-0.191,P0.05)、SSRS客观支持(r=-0.186,P0.05)、SSRS社会利用度(r=-0.152,P0.05)及SSRS总社会支持(r=-0.211,P0.05)均呈负相关。结论:PDR患者心理状态不佳,进行有效的社会支持可以减轻其焦虑、抑郁心理。     

认知团体心理治疗干预社区慢性精神分裂症患者家庭照料者疗效

目的:探索认知团体心理治疗干预慢性精神分裂症家属心理精神状况的实际效果,为提升家属心理健康水平改善家庭康复成效提供理论依据。方法:通过在常规随访、康复指导基础上结合认知团体心理治疗的运用,以焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、生活满意度指数A量表(LSIA)、家庭负担会谈量表(FBS)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、亲属应激量表(RSS)等评估治疗对家庭照料者的影响,运用SPSS 13.0统计软件分析量表结果。结果:认知团体心理治疗干预后,干预组与对照组在SAS、SDS、LSIA以及SSRS的主观支持、支持利用度及总分因子中出现显著统计学差异(t/t'=-2.498,-3.675,2.762,2.835,4.370,3.624;P0.05),且在SAS、SDS量表因子中干预组得分低于对照组,在LSIA、SSRS量表因子中干预组得分高于对照组。干预前后,干预组在SAS、SDS、LSIA、SSRS、RSS上差异有统计学意义(t/t'=2.810,2.892,-2.385,-3.089,2.011;P0.05)结论:认知团体心理治疗能作为社区慢性精神分裂症患者家庭照料者社会支持系统的补充,显著减少其焦虑、抑郁情绪,提升其生活满意度水平。干预能通过改善照料者心理健康状况,促进其家庭康复氛围营造,使患者情绪趋于稳定,对缓解家属心理应激具有一定作用。     

Psvchological Conditions of Spouses of Patients with Mental Disorders

目的 了解精神障碍患者发病对其配偶心理状况的影响,为患者配偶实施心理干预提供依据.方法 采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)对68例患者的配偶在患者入院及出院时进行问卷调查.结果 精神障碍患者配偶在患者症状活跃期及缓解期SAS、SDS评分均显著高于国内常模(活跃期:t男SDS=3.14、t男SAS=2.85,P＜0.05;t女SDS=4.80、t女SAS=4.57,P＜0.01;缓解期:t男SDS=2.40、t男SAS=2.65,P＜0.05;t女SDS=3.17,P＜0.05;t女SAS=3.98,P＜0.01),复发组患者配偶评分显著高于首发组(tSDS=2.14、tSAS=1.89,P＜0.05),稳定的经济来源也是影响精神障碍患者配偶焦虑的一个重要原因(tSAS=2.77、P＜0.05).结论 精神障碍患者配偶心理问题的存在,不仅影响了自身的心理健康,还对患者康复带来一定影响.     

Study on Ratio-common of Anxiety and Depression

目的 探讨焦虑和抑郁的共患情况及在性别、年龄、受教育程度的差异.方法 采用Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)对374例精神科门诊病人进行测验.结果 374人中抑郁和焦虑同时达到轻度以上的有198人(52.9％),单纯抑郁达到轻度以上的有91人(24.3％),单纯焦虑达到轻度以上的有23人(6.1％),抑郁焦虑未达到轻度标准的有62人(16.6％) (Pearsonx2=46.69 P＜0.01);SDS、SAS总均分均高于国内常模(t=28.83,24.62,P＜0.001).在性别上女性SDS总均分高于男性(t=2.73,P＜0.01),SAS总均分高于男性(t=2.48,P＜0.05).在受教育程度上两量表总得分受教育程度低的高于受教育程度高的(F=1.79,8.42,P＜0.001);各年龄组得分无统计学差异(F=0.414,0.398,P＞0.05).结论 在以SDS、SAS为工具检测的病人中约有52.9％的病人同时具有焦虑和抑郁发生.     

生物反馈放松疗法对冠心病疗效的临床研究

目的 探讨生物反馈放松训练对冠心病患者疗效、焦虑及抑郁情绪的影响.方法 将100例住院冠心病患者随机分为干预组和对照组各50例,对照组进行常规心内科治疗,干预组在常规治疗基础上实施为期8周的生物反馈放松训练.采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)对两组受试者分别于入组及随访结束时进行评估.结果 ①随访结束时干预组的焦虑量表评分显著低于治疗前(t=13.272,P＜0.001)及对照组(t=10.912,P＜0.05);②干预组的抑郁量表评分显著低于治疗前(t=11.343,P＜0.001)及对照组(t=6.920,P＜0.05);③干预组的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数显著低于治疗前(t=7.900,P＜0.05)及对照组(t=6.080,P＜0.05);④干预组临床疗效显著高于对照组(x2=13.272,P＜0.05).结论 生物反馈放松训练有助于减轻冠心病患者焦虑、抑郁情绪,改善睡眠,提高临床疗效.     

家庭支持对脑卒中偏瘫患者情绪和生活质量的影响

目的:探讨家庭支持对脑卒中偏瘫患者焦虑抑郁情绪和生活质量的影响。方法:对入组90例患者采用家庭支持量表、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和世界卫生组织生存质量测定简表(WHOQOL-BREF)进行评定,并以家庭支持得分高低将患者分为两组,比较两组的焦虑抑郁和生活质量情况。结果:160%的脑卒中偏瘫患者家庭支持较低;高家庭支持组SAS和SDS评分均明显低于低家庭支持组,具有显著统计学差异(t=-2.69,-3.12;P0.01);2高家庭支持组WHOQOL-BREF因子评分均高于低家庭支持组,其中社会领域差异显著(t=2.23,P0.05),心理领域差异非常显著(t=2.75;P0.01),具有统计学意义。结论:家庭支持能明显改善脑卒中偏瘫患者的焦虑抑郁状况,提高其生活质量。     

维持性血液透析患者及家属的情绪及生活质量研究

目的:测评维持性血液透析患者及家属的情绪及生活质量,分析其影响因素。方法:以123名血液透析患者,117名家属及100名正常人为研究对象,采用自制的一般情况调查表,焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、社会支持量表(SSRS)、自杀意向量表(SSI),SF-36进行调查。结果:患者组和家属组的SAS、SDS得分明显高于对照组(P0.05),而主观支持得分明显低于对照组(P0.05);患者组和家属组的SSI得分明显高于对照组(P0.01,P0.05);在SF-36中,患者组的生理功能得分明显高于对照组(P0.05),其他项得分亦高于对照组(P0.01)。家属组的生理职能、总体健康、活力、社会功能、情感职能、心理健康明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:维持性血液透析患者及家属的情绪障碍明显,生活质量严重下降。     

子宫内膜异位症痛经患者情志状况的临床观察

目的 观察子宫内膜异位症痛经患者的情志变化情况。方法 选择2016年1月~2018年6月在佛山市禅城区中心医院中医妇科就诊的子宫内膜异位症痛经患者108例,按照疼痛程度分为轻度疼痛（A组）32例、中度疼痛（B组）38例、重度疼痛（C组）38例;按病程分为:病程≤12个月（D组）38例、:病程12~24个月（E组）36例、病程＞24个月（F组）34例。分别采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）抑郁自评量表（SDS）评价患者焦虑抑郁情绪并比较。结果 A组无抑郁及焦虑情绪,B组SAS及SDS评分均高于A组,C组SAS及SDS评分高于B组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）; D组无焦虑或抑郁情绪,E组SAS及SDS评分高于D组,F组SAS及SDS评分高于E组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 子宫内膜异位症痛经患者焦虑或抑郁程度随着疼痛程度加重而加重,且随病程迁延而加重。     

脑梗死患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪与A型行为的相关性研究

目的 探讨脑梗死患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪以及与A型行为的关系.方法 采用Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)、Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS)及A型行为问卷(TABQ)对86例脑梗死患者(脑梗死组)及86名健康人(对照组)进行问卷调查,并将调查结果加以比较.结果 脑梗死组SAS及SDS评分均明显高于对照组(P＜0.01):其TABQ总分及TH、CH因子分亦均明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).脑梗死组SAS及SDS评分与TABQ总分及TH因子分均呈显著性正相关,其SAS评分与CH因子分亦呈显著性正相关.结论 脑梗死患者存在明显的焦虑及抑郁情绪,并与A型行为有关.     

成人中重度烧伤早期焦虑抑郁及相关因素分析

目的探讨成人中重度烧伤患者早期焦虑抑郁状况及其相关因素,为进一步实施护理干预积累临床资料。方法对80例中重度烧伤成人患者,在入院1周内脱离危险后,用一般情况调查表和焦虑自评量表(SAS)与抑郁自评量表(SDS)进行调查,分析性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻、职业、户籍、经济状况、付费类别和社会支持以及烧伤原因、程度和部位,对患者早期焦虑抑郁状况的影响。结果本组患者SAS和SDS评分均显著高于国内常模(t=21.050,21.118;P均<0.001);SAS与SDS显著正相关(r=0.548,P<0.001);多元回归分析,性别、户籍和烧伤程度3因子进入SAS逐步回归方程:y=68.28+9.09x1+5.036x2+3.497x3(F=48.916,P<0.001);烧伤部位、性别和烧伤程度3因子进入SDS逐步回归方程:y=85.651-8.995x1+2.905x2+2.037x3(F=153.055,P<0.001)。结论中重度烧伤成人患者在烧伤早期普遍严重的焦虑抑郁情绪,女性、重度、农村、头面部烧伤患者焦虑抑郁程度更重。     

Modes of reinforcement and gender and culture of experimenter and subject: effects of "alien" and external reinforcement for Japanese and American men and women

In this study, we examined external and "alien" reinforcement (ER and AR. respectively) as a factor in social learning, and studied the combined effects of culture and reinforcement mode. A female (Experiment 1) and a male (Experiment 2) experimenters conducted experimental sessions. Both men and women, who grew up in the same culture as the experimenter, participated and performed the experimental task. A three-way interaction effect of experimenter gender, culture, and reinforcement mode was found on task performance. And the effect was more pronounced for a Japanese experimenter. A female and a male experimenters conducted Experiments 3 and 4, respectively; however participants this time were men and women who grew up in different cultures than the experimenter. Results indicated that the pattern of the subject gender and reinforcement mode interaction effect, when the experimenter was Japanese with American subjects, was exactly opposite to that when the experimenter was American. These experiments showed that AR was as effective for social learning as ER, and that the cultural backgrounds of experimenter and subject influenced AR and ER effectiveness.     

Rates of oxygen consumption and of anaerobic glycolysis in renal cortex and medulla of adult and new-born rats and guinea-pigs

1. Rates of oxygen uptake and of anaerobic glycolysis were estimated in slices from the renal cortex and medulla (a) of adult rats and guinea-pigs, (b) of new-born (1-, 5- and 21-day-old) rats and of guinea-pigs of 1, 12, 21, 24 and 120 hr age.2. In the adult rat, Q(O2) values for the cortex were 12.55 +/- 0.20 (22) and for the medulla: 8.56 +/- 0.17 (22) mul./hr.mg dry weight, while in the new-born rat (24 hr old) they were 10.99 +/- 0.46 (12) and 9.33 +/- 0.18 (9) mul./hr.mg dry weight respectively.3. Values for Q(CO2) (N2) (anaerobic glycolysis) in the 14 hr old new-born rat were in the renal cortex 9.65 +/- 0.35 (5) and in the medulla 7.39 +/- 0.43 (5) mul./hr.mg dry weight; while in the adult they were 2.25 +/- 0.08 (16) and 5.76 +/- 0.14 (16) mul./hr.mg dry weight, respectively.4. In the adult guinea-pig values for Q(CO2) (N2) were of the same order as in the adult rat, though the rate of O(2) uptake was for the cortex 8.12 +/- 0.22 (12) and for the medulla 5.02 +/- 0.23 (11) mul./hr.mg dry weight.5. Though the Q(O2) values in the renal cortex and medulla were smaller in the 1 hr old new-born guinea-pig, they were already increasing in the 12 hr old neonate.6. The results are discussed in the light of enzyme changes occurring during the process of maturation of the nephron as indicated by histochemical observations.     

Timing and intensity of early fevers and the development of allergies and asthma

BACKGROUND: Early childhood fevers appear to protect against later allergies and asthma. What is not known is the time in which fevers exert this effect and whether the degree of temperature increase is important. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship between the time and degree of early fevers and later allergies and asthma. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-five children from southeast Michigan were enrolled at birth. Clinic records from their first 2 years were abstracted for episodes of fever. At age 6 to 7 years, children underwent allergy testing. We examined fevers occurring within 6-month intervals in the first 2 years of life and outcomes at age 6 to 7 years. The primary outcome measures were allergic sensitization, asthma, asthma with allergic sensitization, and asthma without allergic sensitization. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months of age was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90) at age 6 to 7 years. Likewise, every 1 degrees C increase in the maximum temperature between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.96) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94). After adjusting for potential confounders, each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower likelihood of asthma with allergic sensitization (adjusted OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.94) at age 6 to 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Both the timing and intensity of childhood fevers appear to be important factors in the development of allergies and asthma.     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...