A clinicopathologic study of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

BACKGROUND: It is still unclear which patients with gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma will benefit from the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. METHODS: The authors studied a total of 34 patients. Twenty-three patients had primary gastric lymphoma and underwent gastric resection as initial treatment. Eleven patients with gastric MALT lymphoma who received antibiotics against H. pylori as initial treatment were also included. In all 34 patients, the presence of H. pylori, endoscopic findings, and pathologic features were evaluated. Immunohistochemical expression of Bcl-2, p53, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was classified as follows: (-), no reactive cells; (+), scattered positive cells; (2+), nests of positive cells; (3+), diffuse positive cells. RESULTS: Patients with low grade MALT lymphoma (LG) tended to be positive for H. pylori (6 of 9), to localize within the submucosa (7 of 9), not to have lymph node involvement (7 of 8), and to have lower tumor stage compared with patients with high grade MALT components (HG). Bcl-2 protein was expressed with high frequency by LG (7 of 9). Strong expression of p 53 was more common in the HG tumors (4 of 14), and strong expression of PCNA showed a significant difference between LG (1 of 8) and HG patients (12 of 13). Investigation of the patients with long term follow-up (n = 4) revealed that LG remained superficial for a long time and showed gradual progression. Most of these tumors were Bcl-2+/p53-approximately+/-/ PCNA- approximately +. There were two patients whose superficial LG (sm/Bcl-2+/p53-/PCNA- approximately +) regressed after the disappearance of H. pylori. On the other hand, one patient developed ulcerated LG (sm/Bcl-2 /p53+/PCNA3+) after disappearance of H. pylori. The authors found complete regression of MALT lymphoma in 9 of 11 patients after H. pylori eradication. Initial tumors of these 9 patients were superficial/sm/n(-)/low grade/Bcl-2+approximately +/-/p53-approximately+ (n = 9), /PCNA-approximately+(n = 6), /PCNA 2+ (n = 3). Two local recurrence and one non-Hodgkin lymphoma in other sites were observed after initial therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Gastric MALT lymphoma with (H. pylori positive/superficial/sm/low grade/Bcl-2 +/p53- approximately +/PCNA- approximately +) pattern will disappear after a patient is cured of H. pylori infection.     

早期肺原发黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤的预后分析及文献回顾

目的 分析早期肺原发黏膜相关淋巴组织(MALT)淋巴瘤的临床特征、治疗方式和预后因素。方法 回顾分析2001—2013年32例早期肺MALT淋巴瘤的临床资料、疗效及生存情况。中位年龄56岁,Ⅰ_E期23例、Ⅱ_E期9例;边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤预后指数(MZLPI)评分0分23例、1分9例。9例接受放疗,8例接受单纯手术,3例手术＋化疗,12例单纯化疗。Kaplan-Meier法计算OS、PFS,Logrank法检验和单因素分析。结果 5年样本数22例。5年OS率为85%,5年PFS率为73%。放疗总缓解9/9,其中CR为6/9,PR为3/9。单因素分析显示未放疗为PFS的影响因素,放疗与未放疗患者5年PFS分别为100%和63%(P=0.029),5年OS分别为100%和79%(P=0.129)。年龄>60岁、ECOG评分2分及MZLPI评分1分为PFS及OS的影响因素(P=0.041、0.018、0.044及P=0.001、0.001、0.003)。结论 早期肺MALT淋巴瘤的预后因素包括年龄、ECOG及MZLPI评分。予以受累野低剂量(24~30 Gy)放疗能提高LC率进而延长生存。     

High incidence of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in primary thyroid lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study of 18 cases in the Korean population

The present study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathologic features and treatment outcomes of patients with primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL). The patients included 14 women and four men with a median age of 50 years (range 31 - 82 years). Thirteen cases involved the thyroid alone (stage IE) and five cases involved the regional lymph nodes (stage IIE). Histopathologic studies revealed marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in 13 patients and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in three patients. The other two patients showed features of both MALT and DLBCL. Surgery and chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy were performed. All patients achieved complete remission. All 18 patients were alive with a median follow-up period of 55 months. The prognosis of patients with primary thyroid lymphoma appears to be favourable.     

77例胃的黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤的临床分析

目的 回顾分析原发于胃的黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤(MALT)的治疗结果、预后因素和失败类型.方法 搜集20余年间收治的原发胃MALT淋巴瘤病例,病理证实且为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、ⅡE期.77例患者进入分析,手术切除组60例(手术14例、手术+化疗32例、手术+化放疗4例、手术+放疗9例、化疗+手术+化疗1例),非手术切除组17例(化放疗11例、化疗5例、放疗1例).放疗采用常规放疗(20例)和三维适形放疗(5例).化疗采用CHOP、BACOP或COP方案(53例).结果 随访1～198个月,中位值57个月.全组患者5年总生存率为74%,5年无瘤生存率为70%,5年局部控制率为76%,5年无远处失败生存率为87%.单因素分析显示临床分期与总生存率显著相关(P=0.02),肿瘤大小(P=0.03)和手术程度(P=0.02)与无瘤生存率显著相关,临床分期(P=0.04)、肿瘤大小(P=0.01)和手术程度(P=0.03)与局部控制率显著相关,未发现与无远处失败生存率显著相关因素.Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者手术治疗后失败主要在远处,非手术治疗患者的失败主要在局部.ⅡE期患者,无论手术组还是非手术组,失败主要在局部.结论 胃原发黏膜组织相关淋巴瘤采用手术和非手术治疗均可取得很好的治疗效果,临床分期是非常重要的预后因素.     

黏膜相关淋巴组织结外边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤预后相关因素分析

 【摘要】　目的　分析黏膜相关淋巴组织结外边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤（MALT 淋巴瘤）的临床病理学特点,并探讨其预后相关指标。方法　选取86例MALT淋巴瘤患者,依据肿瘤发生部位分为胃MALT淋巴瘤组（32例）和非胃MALT淋巴瘤组（54例）。常规HE染色、免疫组织化学（EnVision二步法）观察其病理学特点,采用间期荧光原位杂交（FISH）方法对部分病例检测肿瘤特征性的分子遗传学改变,并对病例进行临床随访。结果　两组病例临床病理学特点无明显差异。间期FISH检测结果显示t(11;18)和t(14;18)发生率分别为12 %（6／50）和9 %（4／45）。胃MALT淋巴瘤组中20例获得随访,均接受单纯抗幽门螺杆菌治疗,bcl-10核表达阳性、存在t(11;18)病例的缓解率（20 %、33 %）显著低于阴性组（73 %、91 %）,差异均有统计学意义（χ2＝3.842,P＝0.035;χ2＝4.639,P＝0.031）。非胃MALT淋巴瘤组病例中35例获得随访,女性、年龄≤60岁患者的缓解率（60 %、63 %）显著高于男性、＞60岁患者（35 %、25 %）,差异均有统计学意义（χ2＝3.905,P＝0.048;χ2＝7.373,P＝0.007）;临床Ⅰ～Ⅱ期、t（14;18）患者的无进展生存（PFS）率（52 %、75 %）显著高于Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、t（14;18）阴性者（25 %、50 %）,差异均有统计学意义（χ2＝4.207,P＝0.040;χ2＝4.363,P＝0.037）。结论　MALT淋巴瘤是一类好发于中老年人的惰性淋巴瘤,预后较好,胃与非胃MALT淋巴瘤存在不同的治疗反应评估或预后预测指标。     

Metachronous bilateral primary low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue non-Hodgkins lymphoma of the breast

We report the rare occurrence of bilateral low-grade MALT lymphoma of the breast in a 73 year old female. The clinical, pathological and treatment details are discussed, with a review of the literature.     

Malignant lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. A distinctive type of B-cell lymphoma

As illustrated in the two cases described in this paper close morphologic and immunohistochemical similarities exist between Mediterranean lymphoma (MTL) and primary gastrointestinal lymphoma of follicle center cell (FCC) origin as it occurs in Western countries. Similarities between the two conditions include a dense noninvasive monotypic lamina propria plasma cell infiltrate, present in all cases of MTL and in some cases of Western gastrointestinal FCC lymphoma, and an invasive infiltrate of FCCs morphologically distinct from the plasma cells. A distinctive lesion produced by individual gland invasion characterizes both types of lymphoma. A clonal relationship between the lamina propria plasma cells and the invasive FCCs, long suspected but never proved in MTL, can be demonstrated in Western cases. Many of the histologic and clinical features common to these lymphomas can be explained in the context of the normal maturation sequences of gut associated lymphoid tissue. It is suggested that MTL and Western cases of primary FCC gastrointestinal lymphoma share a common histogenesis from mucosa associated lymphoid tissue.     

Thymoma and primary lymphoma of the small intestine

A case or primary poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma of the ileum in a patient previously found to have an epithelial thymoma is described. While the frequency of malignancies of many types is increased in patients with thymoma, malignant lymphomas represent the most commonly associated tumor type. Lymphomas in these patients may devleop as a result of defective immunologic surveillance, impaired immunoregulation in partially immuno-deficient hosts, or by immunostimulation. The intestinal origin of the tumor in this case suggests that it may have developed as a result of local stimulation of lymphoid tissues by an antigen or antigens present in the intestinal contents.     

胸腺ＭＡＬＴ淋巴瘤的临床病理分析

目的　探讨胸腺ＭＡＬＴ淋巴瘤的临床病理特征及治疗方案。方法　结合检索已报道的胸腺ＭＡＬＴ淋巴瘤４２例患者资料以及本院诊治的１例,共４３例病例,对上述病例的临床病理特征进行归纳总结。结果　胸腺ＭＡＬＴ淋巴瘤多见于东亚人种,女性居多,临床上多无症状,常伴有自身免疫性疾病,影像学检查和组织学检查是明确诊断该病的主要方法。大部分患者通过手术可以同时获得明确诊断和有效治疗。结论　胸腺ＭＡＬＴ淋巴瘤虽然罕见,但具有独特的临床病理特征,可以作为鉴别诊断的线索;手术对该淋巴瘤的诊断和治疗均具有重要意义。     

Molecular pathogenesis of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.

Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type occur in a number of anatomic sites, but share overlapping morphologic and immunophenotypic features. Helicobacter pylori infection has been identified as an etiologic factor in gastric MALT lymphoma, and a growing list of other infectious organisms have recently been shown to be associated with MALT lymphomas at other anatomic sites. Although cause and effect has not been established for most of these infectious agents, our understanding of the biology has significantly improved, in part through the application of standard cytogenetic analyses. The common karyotypic alterations that characterize MALT lymphomas include the trisomies 3 and 18, the translocations t(11;18)(q21;q21), t(1;14)(p22;q32), t(14;18)(q32;q21), t(3;14)(q27;q32), and the recently described t(3;14)(p14.1;q32). This apparent complexity of cytogenetic alterations that have now been implicated in the pathogenesis of extranodal MALT lymphoma serves as a paradigm for molecular cross talk in neoplastic disease. Recent data have shown that at least three of the disparate translocations affect a common signaling mechanism, and thus unify all three under a common pathogenesis, resulting in the constitutive activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) pathway. It may be that the new MALT-related translocation involving the FOXP1 gene and other as yet undiscovered translocations may all have in common increased NF-kappaB signaling.     

Primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the breast

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is an extranodal indolent lymphoma with histopatholigic features similar to those of marginal zone B-cell lymphomas. Primary breast MALT lymphomas were first described by Lamovec and Jancar as a low-grade B-cell lymphoma in 1987. Herein, a case is presented of a patient with primary MALT lymphoma of the breast. Issues in diagnosis and breast-conservation treatment, as it pertains to primary MALT lymphoma of the breast, will be discussed.     

iNOS在胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨诱导型一氧化氮合酶（inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS）在胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤中的表达及临床意义。方法 用Evision两步法免疫组化检测31例胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤及其癌旁正常组织中的iNOS表达,并分析其与胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤临床病理特征的关系。结果 iNOS在胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤中的表达水平明显高于癌旁正常组织,iNOS在胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤及癌旁正常组织中的阳性表达率分别为64.5%（20/31）和29.03%（9/31）。iNOS的表达与临床分期、幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori,Hp）感染相关（P<0.05）;而与年龄、性别、LDH水平无关（P>0.05）。结论 iNOS可能参与胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤的发生、发展,可作为评估其生物学行为的指标。     

No evidence of replication error phenotype in primary gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

Replication error (RER) phenotype, caused by deficiency of DNA mismatch repair genes and revealed by widespread microsatellite instability, has been detected in subsets of a wide variety of solid tumors, but rarely in lymphomas in general. So far, the involvement of RER phenotype in the pathogenesis of gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type has not been conclusively established. We therefore examined 9 microsatellite loci on 5 chromosomes [D2S123, D3S11, D3S1261, D3S1262, D3S1265, D6S262, D18S59, a CTTT(T) repeat in intron 20 of RB1 gene and a CA repeat in p53 locus] in 33 cases of primary gastric MALT lymphoma for evidence of microsatellite instability by polymerase chain reaction using primers end-labeled with [γ-³³P] ATP. Although novel-length allele was observed in 7 of 33 cases (21.2%), none of these 7 cases showed changes in more than one locus. RER phenotype was scored as positive in a case when more than 1 of the 9 examined microsatellite loci showed length alterations. Accordingly, none of the 33 cases had a RER phenotype. This result suggests that the pathogenesis of gastric MALT lymphoma does not involve RER phenotype. It is consistent with the general observations in lymphomas, but is highly in contrast to a previous report showing more than 50% of MALT lymphomas with the RER phenotype. Int. J. Cancer 76:635–638, 1998.© 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤的诊断和治疗

 阐述了黏膜相关淋巴组织（MALT）淋巴瘤的流行病学、病因、病理特点、临床表现、诊断、治疗及手术在MALT淋巴瘤治疗中的作用和地位。重点描述了胃幽门螺杆菌（HP）感染与胃MALT淋巴瘤发生、发展之间的相关性以及胃MALT淋巴瘤不同分期的治疗原则及随访。     

外科手术在原发肺黏膜相关淋巴瘤中的诊治作用

  目的  探讨原发肺黏膜相关淋巴组织(MALT)淋巴瘤的临床特点、影像学特征、治疗方法及其预后。  方法  回顾性分析解放军总医院2000年4月至2012年7月收治的13例肺MALT淋巴瘤患者的临床、影像学和随访资料。  结果  13例肺MALT淋巴瘤患者中,男8例,女5例,男女比例1.6∶1;发病年龄21~67岁,中位年龄59岁。主要临床表现为胸部不适6例,咳嗽2例,发热2例,胸痛1例,还有2例无明显不适症状;有1例合并有干燥综合征。胸部CT表现为3例有肺实变影伴有支气管充气征,3例有斑片影,4例中出现团块影,还有3例可见磨玻璃结节影,其中10例患者表现为双肺均有病变,另有4例伴有纵隔淋巴结肿大,1例伴有胸腔积液。6例行手术治疗,其中3例术后辅以化疗,4例患者单纯行化疗,方案主要为CHOP方案或R-CHOP方案,3例患者仅行对症支持治疗。13例中1例失访,随访时间1~11年。1例于确诊4年后出现疾病进展,并于11年后死亡,1例因化疗不良反应于确诊后2年内死亡,余10例至今仍生存,且无疾病进展。  结论  肺MALT淋巴瘤的临床表现不典型,影像学缺乏特异性改变,确诊依靠病理学检查。对于那些病变局限,尤其是常规方法无法取得病理的患者,手术切除病灶既能明确诊断,又能使患者获得良好的治疗效果,在该病的诊治过程中起到了重要的作用。该病预后较好。      

Myosarcomas of the small and large intestine: a clinicopathologic study

A retrospective study was made of 38 myosarcomas of the small and large intestines (34 leiomyosarcomas and 4 malignant leiomyoblastomas). Endoenteric, small, and noninvasive tumors were successfully treated by simple wedge excision, cautery snare removal, or segmental bowel resection with a high 5-yr cure rate of 86% (12/14). Exo-enteric tumors often invaded adjacent structures or perforated into the peritoneal cavity. Extensive resection procedures, including pancreaticoduodenectomy, abdominoperineal resection, and pelvic exenteration salvaged only 13% (2/16) of these patients. Three clinicopathologic factors adversely affected prognosis: i) tumor size greater than 5 cm in diameter, ii) extra-intestinal invasion or free perforation, and iii) high histopathologic grade of malignancy. The presence of none, one, two, or three of these adverse factors gave decreasing 5-yr survival rates of 100, 44, 31, and 0%, respectively. These observations suggest use of a multimodal treatment program that may minimize treatment failure from local as well as distant disease.