单臂外固定架尺骨延长治疗儿童骨干续连症9例报告

目的观察单臂外固定架延长术治疗骨干续连症所致尺骨畸形的手术疗效。方法 2010年7月至2016年12月,我院对9例骨干续连症致前臂畸形患者采用尺骨截骨安装单臂外固定架轨道延长器,逐渐延长尺骨,改善前臂畸形。术后1周开始延长,每天延长1mm,分4次完成,直至桡骨头位于尺骨冠状突水平。治疗过程中结合前臂及肘腕关节功能锻炼。结果 9例均按延长计划达到预期手术目的,分别延长尺骨28～45mm,平均35mm。前臂的外观及功能均得到明显改善。前臂旋前平均增加15°(12°～18°),旋后平均增加16°(11°～22°)。结论应用单臂外固定架轨道延长器逐渐延长尺骨的方法治疗骨干续连症所致前臂畸形,可改善前臂外观及功能。     

铰链式外固定架联合内固定治疗肘关节骨折脱位

目的探讨采用铰链式外固定架联合内固定治疗肘关节骨折脱位的手术方法及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2014-06—2016-06采用铰链式外固定架联合内固定治疗的12例肘关节骨折脱位。桡骨头骨折用微型钢板或螺钉固定,尺骨冠状突骨折用钢板或克氏针固定,内、外侧韧带复合体撕脱用骨锚缝合修复。结果 12例均获得随访,随访时间平均9.5(6~12)个月。末次随访时肘关节活动度:伸直平均25.6°(0°~40°),屈曲平均113°(90°~140°),前臂旋前平均55°(30°~80°),前臂旋后平均63°(40°~80°)。疗效采用改良Cassebaum评分标准评定:优5例,良4例,可3例。结论采用铰链式外固定架联合内固定治疗肘关节骨折脱位可以稳定肘关节,患者可早期功能锻炼,最大程度恢复肘关节功能。     

尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路内固定治疗成人肱骨远端陈旧骨折

目的 探讨尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路内固定治疗成人肱骨远端陈旧骨折的疗效。方法 采用尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路内固定治疗14例成人肱骨远端陈旧骨折患者。记录骨折复位情况、骨折愈合情况、肘关节活动度，采用改良An-Morrey肘关节评分标准评价疗效。结果 患者均获得随访，时间10～18(11.8±1.6)个月。术后4周X线片显示骨折对位对线良好，内固定牢靠，有骨痂形成。骨折均愈合，时间12～24周。末次随访时，采用改良An-Morrey肘关节评分标准评价疗效：优10例，良3例，可1例，优良率13/14;肘关节屈曲80°～140°(109.6°±12.2°),前臂内旋75°～80°(77.3°±2.1°)、外旋78°～82°(79.8°±2.7°)。结论 尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路内固定治疗成人肱骨远端陈旧骨折，术野暴露充分，清创、复位、内固定操作方便，且内固定牢靠，患者可早期功能锻炼，肘关节功能恢复良好。     

桡骨中上段骨折合并桡骨头脱位诊疗分析

[目的]探讨桡骨中上段骨折合并桡骨头脱位诊疗特点。[方法]回顾性分析本院2000年9月~2015年2月收治的桡骨中上段骨折合并桡骨头脱位患者9例。对新鲜骨折脱位:桡骨骨折行切开复位钢板内固定;桡骨小头脱位行手法复位;稳定脱位行石膏外固定。手法复位困难或者存在再脱位者,行切开复位,若探查环状韧带不完整,行环状韧带重建术,并行克氏针内固定术。对陈旧性病例,行桡骨头行切开复位,环状韧带重建或不重建,并行克氏针内固定。[结果]按照Mayo肘关节功能评分标准,优2例,良2例,可3例,差2例;优良率为44.4%。屈肘平均90°(30°~140°),伸直平均10°(0°~30°),前臂旋前平均30°(0°~55°)旋后平均35°(0°~80°)。[结论]前臂结构复杂,对桡骨骨折患者,行肘关节和腕关节X线片检查,必要时行双侧X线片的对照比较,有条件者行CT进行重建,是避免误诊和漏诊的重要因素。     

低龄儿童2年以内陈旧性孟氏骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨低龄儿童2年以内陈旧性孟氏骨折手术治疗的疗效。方法对38例2年以内陈旧性孟氏骨折低龄患儿采取尺骨近端截骨克氏针内固定,桡骨小头切开复位、肱桡关节克氏针内固定。结果 38例全部得到随访,时间2~12个月。术后2例发生桡骨小头半脱位。4例桡神经损伤患儿功能完全恢复,其余患儿肘关节无畸形,无疼痛。肘关节伸直活动范围0°~20°(6°±4°),屈曲活动120°~135°(130°±5°),旋前平均80°±5°,旋后平均85°±5°。根据Mackay标准评定:优30例(78.9%),良6例(15.8%),差2例(5.3%)。结论尺骨近端截骨克氏针内固定手术治疗低龄儿童2年以内陈旧性孟氏骨折,疗效良好。     

经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路双钢板内固定治疗肱骨远端C型骨折

目的探讨经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路双钢板内固定治疗肱骨远端C型骨折的疗效。方法采用经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路双钢板内固定治疗19例肱骨远端C型骨折患者。分析术后并发症、骨折愈合时间及肘关节功能等指标。结果19例均获得随访,时间13~24个月。骨折均愈合,时间12~23周。未发生手术并发症。末次随访时,按照Mayo肘关节功能评分标准评定疗效:优11例,良6例,可1例,差1例,优良率17/19;肘关节屈伸活动度为80°~140°(109.8°±12.2°),前臂旋转活动度为110°~180°(140.6°±22.6°)。结论经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路双钢板内固定治疗肱骨远端C型骨折显露充分,复位及内固定操作方便,双钢板固定牢固,术后并发症少,肘关节功能恢复好。     

动力型外固定架结合经皮穿针治疗桡骨远端C型骨折

目的探讨动力型外固定架结合经皮穿针治疗桡骨远端C型骨折的效果。方法对15例桡骨远端C型骨折患者采用闭合复位、动力型外固定架结合经皮克氏针固定治疗。结果 15例均获得随访,时间11~24个月。末次随访X线检查显示:掌倾角8°~16°(13.2°±4.1°),尺偏角20°~29°(24.7°±5.1°)。腕关节活动度:背伸32°~50°(38.11°±16.01°),掌屈38°~59°(45.62°±12.67°),桡偏12°~17°(14.05°±4.23°),尺偏20°~28°(24.76°±6.34°)。按Dienst标准评价:优10例,良4例,可1例。1例出现针道浅表感染,经治疗后好转。结论动力型外固定架结合经皮穿针内固定治疗桡骨远端C型骨折复位满意,并发症少,关节功能恢复满意。     

外固定架联合克氏针固定治疗不稳定桡骨远端骨折合并尺骨远端骨折疗效观察

目的探讨采用外固定架联合克氏针固定治疗不稳定桡骨远端骨折合并尺骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2015-07—2016-10采用外固定架联合克氏针固定治疗的28例不稳定桡骨远端骨折合并尺骨远端骨折。末次随访时进行腕关节功能Gartland-Werley评分、PRWE评分并评价患者满意度。结果 28例均获得随访,随访时间平均9.2(8~10)个月。骨折均愈合,愈合时间平均3.3(3~5)个月。末次随访时桡骨均无短缩,掌倾角平均5.3°(0°~8°),尺偏角平均23.3°(21°~27°)。末次随访时腕关节功能Gartland-Werley评分:优14例,良10例,可4例,优良率85.7%;PRWE评分平均28.3(15~41)分。结论对于不稳定桡骨远端骨折合并尺骨远端骨折,应充分认识到尺骨远端解剖结构的重要性,采用外固定架固定治疗时可以联合横向克氏针固定以稳定下尺桡关节,获得更满意的疗效。     

外固定加有限内固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的探讨外固定架结合有限内固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法自2001年1月至2004年5月采用外固定架加有限内固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折35例。男16例,女19例;年龄21～75岁,平均47.3岁。按AO/ASIF分型:A3型9例,C2型9例,C3型17例。开放性骨折4例,但皮肤及软组织损伤较轻,污染轻。手术方法中单纯手法牵引复位加外固定架27例,经皮钢针撬拨复位加外固定架5例,尺骨固定加外固定架3例。受伤至手术时间为0.5h～21d,平均6.6d(2例陈旧性骨折除外)。结果术后随访5～30个月,平均12个月。按照解剖学上的恢复结果,解剖复位9例、功能复位24例、接近功能复位2例。术前尺偏角为-15°～15°(平均10.5°)及掌倾角-30°～0°(平均-10°),术后尺偏角20°～35°(平均25°)及掌倾角0°～20°(平均11.5°)。关节功能疗效按Dienst功能评估标准进行评定:优12例、良21例、可2例。无针道感染,无针孔骨折,无医原性神经、血管损伤,无伤口感染及骨髓炎等并发症。结论外固定架结合有限内固定是治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的一种较好的方法,其操作简单、固定可靠、疗效满意、并发症少。为桡骨远端骨折的治疗提供一种能明显促进骨折愈合、减少术后感染的新思路。     

Ilizarov延长技术关节外截骨治疗桡骨远端骨折后短缩畸形

背景:治疗桡骨远端骨折后短缩畸形方式多样,疗效不一,Ilizarov延长技术适合治疗桡骨远端骨折后短缩畸形。目的:探讨应用Ilizarov延长技术关节外截骨治疗桡骨远端骨折后短缩畸形的疗效。方法:我院从2011年8月至2019年8月,应用Ilizarov延长技术关节外截骨治疗桡骨远端骨折后短缩畸形11例。其中男8例,女3例;左7例,右4例;年龄14~36岁,平均(24.5±7.8)岁。根据Ilizarov外固定穿针原则,安装外固定支架,在桡骨远端距关节面20 mm处截骨,手术后7 d以0.75 mm/d速度旋转螺母,分4次延长桡骨,逐渐恢复桡骨的高度,调整铰链矫正尺偏角及掌倾角。结果:11例患者随访8~33个月,平均(20.0±11.9)个月;带外固定时间为(5.0±1.9)个月。拍摄双侧尺桡骨正侧位片(包括腕、肘关节),以肱骨外髁、桡骨茎突为两点连线,对比测量出桡骨短缩长度。术前桡骨平均短缩-31.5(-37.0,-30.0)mm,术后长度恢复32.0(30.0,38.0)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),符合桡骨长度恢复要求。术后桡骨掌倾角和尺偏角大于术前[12.0°(10.0°,13.0°)vs.-10.0°(-17.0°,-4.0°);21.5°(20.0°,24.0°)vs.-18.5°(-26.0°,-10.0°)];术后腕关节背伸和掌屈大于术前[(50.0°±4.9°)vs.(45.0°±7.1°);(55.0°±4.0°)vs.(50.0°±5.3°)];术后前臂旋前活动度和旋后活动度大于术前[(68.0°±7.2°)vs.(65.0°±8.3°);(66.0°±6.5°)vs.(60.0°±9.1°)];Quick-DASH上肢功能障碍量表评分,术后为2.3(0.0,4.5)分,小于术前29.5(22.7,52.3)分(P均<0.05),符合矫形恢复要求。根据Lidstrom腕关节功能评分标准评定:优8例,良2例,可1例。结论:Ilizarov延长技术关节外截骨是治疗桡骨远端骨折后短缩畸形的有效手段。     

Lengthening the ulna in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses

Deformity of the forearm is common in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses, producing cosmetic and functional impairment in which shortening of the ulna is a significant factor. The results of ulnar lengthening in 10 forearms of eight patients are reported. Lengthening was performed by osteotomy of the shaft followed immediately by a bone graft and internal fixation, or by gradual distraction with an external fixator. In all patients the appearance was improved and the range of radial deviation at the wrist was increased. In most patients forearm movement and radial head stability were improved. Partial recurrence of the deformity was seen during the follow-up of skeletally immature patients, but in general ulnar lengthening was found to be a useful operation.     

微型钛板内固定治疗复杂桡骨头骨折

目的探讨运用微型钛板治疗复杂桡骨头骨折的可行性及疗效。方法 21例复杂桡骨头骨折患者,采用手术切开复位、微型钛板内固定的方法治疗,其中MasonⅡ型14例,Ⅲ型7例。均采用肘关节后外侧切口,骨折复位后克氏针辅助固定,再行指骨钛板螺钉固定,确认关节面平整,关节旋转及伸屈运动无阻碍。术后予石膏外固定2～4周,石膏拆除后开始渐进的功能锻炼。结果本组手术时间50～80 min,平均（65±15）min。均获随访,平均随访时间14.5（5～24）个月,术后3～5个月骨折均获骨性愈合,肘关节屈平均115°（110°～125°）,伸平均5°（0°～10°）,旋前平均55°（50°～60°）,旋后平均50°（40°～60°）。1例遗留轻度肘关节疼痛;无肘关节外翻不稳定及创伤性关节炎发生。根据Broberg和Morrey评分评价肘关节功能：优8例,良10例,可3例,优良率85.7%。结论运用微型钛板固定桡骨头骨折安全可行,能更好地恢复桡骨头关节面的解剖结构,并有效固定,为早期肘关节功能锻炼提供了稳定性,有利于肘关节功能的恢复。     

Reconstruction using monorail fixator for forearm osteochondroma Masada type I and IIb: A case series

IntroductionOsteochondroma (solitary) and multiple hereditary exostoses (plural) are defined as a cartilage-capped bony projection arising on the external surface of bone containing a marrow cavity that is continuous with that of the underlying bone. These tumors grow slowly and develop to cause symptoms such as limited range of motion, joint pain, lumps, and deformities. The use of ulnar distraction osteogenesis has gained popularity in treating deformity in forearm osteochondroma. Problems that arise including bone angulation and persistent radial head dislocation.Case presentationWe describe eight cases of forearm osteochondroma that came to the Prof. Dr. R. Soeharso Orthopedic Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia. We found two variations in the classification of Masada in these 8 patients, Masada type I and IIB. The main complaint was a bent arm. We decided to do surgery in the form of tumor resection and reconstruction of the deformity by using ulnar gradual lengthening and osteotomies. The results of the procedure were investigated in this study, using clinical and radiological parameters focusing on medium-term functional and structural outcomes.Discussion and conclusionEight patients had overall good results, although performed with a different sequence of operating techniques. Ulnar lengthening with a monorail fixator is still the main choice in its implementation. Gradual ulnar lengthening improves not only the deformity but also the functionality of the associated forearm.     

肘关节"恐怖三联征"合并尺骨鹰嘴骨折的手术治疗

目的 介绍肘关节"恐怖三联征"合并尺骨鹰嘴骨折的手术方法和疗效.方法 肘关节"恐怖三联征"合并尺骨鹰嘴骨折患者12例,男8例,女4例;年龄21~75岁,平均40.4岁.桡骨头骨折按Mason分型:Ⅱ型7例,Ⅲ型5例;因合并肘关节脱位,按Johnston-Mason分型均为Ⅳ型.冠突骨折按Regan-Morrey分型:Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型6例.尺骨鹰嘴骨折按Mayo分型Ⅱa型2例,Ⅱb型2例,Ⅲa型2例,Ⅲb型6例.9例肘关节后脱位,3例为前脱位.12例均行手术治疗,冠突、鹰嘴骨折行内固定;桡骨头骨折行内固定、桡骨头切除、金属桡骨头置换,修复内、外侧副韧带.术后石膏托维持肘关节屈曲90°,前臂中立位固定3周.结果 8例(66.7%)患者获得随访,随访时间3~36个月.平均16.4个月.骨折全部愈合,愈合时间10~16周,平均14.2周.Broberg-Morrey评分为55~95分,平均88分,优4例,良2例,可1例,差1例,优良率为75.0%.肘关节屈伸范围为70°~150°,平均127.5°;前臂旋转范围为65°~155°,平均122.5°.结论 肘关节"恐怖三联征"合并尺骨鹰嘴骨折为高能量损伤,关节严重不稳定,必须重建骨关节及软组织的解剖结构,恢复肘关节稳定性.     

Evans跟骨外侧延长截骨术治疗青少年距跟联合合并前足外展畸形

目的探讨Evans跟骨外侧延长截骨术并联合切除治疗青少年距跟联合(TCCs)合并严重前足外展畸形的疗效。方法回顾性分析郑州市骨科医院足踝外科自2014年2月至2018年8月收治的11例(14足)青少年症状性TCCs合并严重前足外展畸形患者资料。男6例(8足),女5例(6足);双足3例,单足8例,左足7例,右足7例;年龄13~17岁,平均15岁。所有患者均采取TCCs切除后行Evans跟骨外侧延长截骨术。测量患者术前及末次随访时负重正位X线距舟覆盖角(TCA)、距骨-第2跖列角(T-2MT),负重侧位X线距骨倾斜角(TH)、距骨-第1跖列角(T-1MT)。采用美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)的踝-后足评分和疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)评估足部功能和疼痛改善情况。结果11例患者术后获12~24个月(平均16.5个月)随访。TCA由术前平均22.3°(20°~26°)改善为末次随访时10.5°(8°~13°);T-2MT由术前平均17.6°(16°~20°)改善为末次随访时6.5°(5°~11°)。侧位X线TH由术前平均35°(25°~40°)改善为末次随访时17.5°(16°~21°);T-1MT由术前平均15.5°(10°~22°)改善为末次随访时3.5°(2°~6°)。AOFAS的踝-后足评分由术前平均56.5分(50~62分)改善为末次随访时90.6分(75~95分),VAS评分由术前平均6.0分(5~7分)改善为末次随访时2.0分(0~3分)。结论对于青少年TCCs合并严重前足外展畸形患者,联合切除后行Evans跟骨外侧延长截骨术可以有效纠正畸形,缓解症状,改善足部功能和影像学表现。     

Correction and lengthening for deformities of the forearm in multiple cartilaginous exostoses

Background Multiple cartilaginous exostoses cause various deformities of the epiphysis. In exostoses of the ulna, the ulna is shortened and the radius acquires varus deformity, which may lead to dislocation of the radial head. In this study, we present the results of exostoses resection, with correction and lengthening with external fixators for functional and cosmetic improvement, and prevention of radial head dislocation. Methods We retrospectively reviewed seven forearms of seven patients who had deformities of the forearm associated with multiple cartilaginous exostoses. One patient had dislocation of the radial head. Operative technique was excision of osteochondromas from the distal ulna, correction of the radius, and ulnar lengthening with external fixation up to 5 mm plus variance. We evaluated radiographs and the range of pronation and supination. Furthermore, we conducted a follow-up of ulnar length after the operation. Results Dislocation of the radial head of one patient was naturally reduced without any operative intervention. At the most recent follow-up, six of the seven patients showed full improvement in pronation–supination. Ulnar shortening recurred with skeletal growth of four skeletally immature patients; however, it did not recur in one skeletally mature patient. Overlength of 5 mm was negated by the recurrence of ulnar shortening about 1.5 years after the operation. Conclusions We treated seven forearms of seven patients by excision of osteochondromas, correction of radii, and gradual lengthening of ulnas with external fixators. The results of the procedure were satisfactory, especially for function of the elbow and wrist. However, we must consider the possible recurrence of ulnar shortening within about 1.5 years during skeletal growth periods in immature patients.     

尺骨干骺端续连症不同手术方法的疗效观察

目的:探讨尺骨骨软骨瘤切除、尺骨微创截骨、外固定尺骨延长术治疗尺骨干骺端续连症前臂畸形治疗效果和安全性.方法:自2005年8月至2013年12月,20例尺骨干骺端续连症患者,男15例,女5例;年龄7～13(10.00±2.34)岁;病程6～11(8.10±1.52)个月;临床表现为患侧前臂短缩并向尺侧弯曲畸形.采用尺骨...     

单边轨道式延长外固定支架牵张治疗肱骨短缩合并近端畸形

目的探讨应用单边轨道式延长外固定支架治疗肱骨短缩合并近端畸形的疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年3月至2018年4月上海交通大学附属第六人民医院骨科采用单边轨道式外固定支架治疗的10例肱骨短缩合并近端畸形患者资料。男8例,女2例;年龄15~27岁,平均19.6岁。肱骨短缩伴近端内翻8例,伴肱骨近端内翻并后凸畸形2例;肱骨短缩6~11 cm,平均8.5 cm。上臂外侧置入半钉,安装单边外固定支架,于近端截骨后即时矫正肱骨近端畸形,中段截骨后予以缓慢延长。根据Cattaneo等制定的标准评价肢体功能。结果所有患者术后均获随访,时间15~41个月(平均20个月)。延长长度5~12 cm(平均7.5 cm);肩关节外展幅度平均为160°(130°~180°),比术前(平均90°)改善。9例患者延长区成骨良好,1例因延长区成骨不良,进行了自体髂骨移植后愈合。未出现钉道深部感染、桡神经损伤等并发症。肢体功能根据Cattaneo等的标准:8例9侧肢体为优,2例为良。结论单边轨道式延长外固定支架是治疗肱骨短缩合并近端畸形的可靠选择,掌握外固定支架安装技术,防治并发症可以获得满意的疗效。     

Management of deformities of the forearm in multiple hereditary osteochondromas

A patient with multiple hereditary osteochondromas may have any of several severe deformities of the forearm, the most common of which are ulnar deviation of the wrist associated with relative shortening of the ulna, bowing of either or both of the bones of the forearm, shortening of the forearm, and late dislocation of the radial head. The natural history of these deformities is progression, with variable weakness, functional impairment, and cosmetic deformity of the extremity. We describe the results, after a follow-up of at least two years, in eighteen patients who underwent major surgical procedures: excision of the osteochondromas (ten patients), ulnar lengthening with excision of the osteochondromas (three patients), and ulnar lengthening with radial hemiepiphyseal stapling (seven forearms of five patients). Early excision of the osteochondromas alone did not slow the progression of the deformity. Ulnar lengthening did, on occasion, correct the ulnar drift at the wrist, but the relative shortening of the ulna recurred. Distal radial hemiepiphyseal stapling should accompany ulnar lengthening if radiocarpal angulation or subluxation of the lunate occurs with ulnar shortening. Deformities of the forearm should be treated early and aggressively to prevent disability.