Kiss-1在食管鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达及临床病理意义

目的:观察Kiss-1蛋白及mRNA在食管鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达及其临床病理意义.方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法、原位杂交和逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术,联合检测了62例食管鳞状细胞癌、31例癌旁不典型增生及62例正常食管组织中Kiss-1蛋白和mRNA的表达,并探讨其临床病理意义.结果:在食管鳞状细胞癌组织、癌旁不典型增生及正常食管组织中,Kiss-1蛋白的阳性表达率分别为56.5%、67.7%、90.3%(P<0.05);用原位杂交检测Kiss-1 mRNA阳性表达率分别为51.6%、74.2%、95.2%(P<0.05);用RT-PCR技术检测Kiss-1 mRNA阳性表达率分别为54.8%、71.0%、88.7%(P<0.05);食管鳞状细胞癌组织中Kiss-1蛋白及mRNA的低表达与淋巴结转移密切相关(P<0.05),而与患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤的组织学分级无关(P>0.05);Kiss-1蛋白的低表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05);在食管鳞状细胞癌组织中,Kiss-1蛋白及mRNA的表达呈正相关(P<0.05),用原位杂交及RT-PCR技术对Kiss-1 mRNA表达情况的检测结果也呈正相关(P<0.05).结论:Kiss-1基因的表达降低或缺失和食管鳞状细胞癌的发生发展及转移有关,有望成为食管鳞状细胞癌早期诊断和预后判断的重要指标之一.     

Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

Increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression has been reported to be a poor prognostic indicator in a number of cancers. In this study we investigated the relationship between COX-2 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and tumor characteristics and patient survival. The study group consisted of 90 men and 48 women who underwent esophagectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus between October 1984 and May 1985. COX-2 expression was measured by immunohistochemistry in 138 primary cancers, 23 metastatic lymph nodes and 21 normal esophageal stumps. The relationship between the extent of staining for COX-2 and clinicopathological features and survival was determined. The extent of staining for COX-2 in both primary and metastatic cancers was higher than in normal squamous epithelia (P = 0.002 and P < 0.0001 respectively), and the grade of staining in the primary tumor correlated positively with the finding of lymph node metastases (P = 0.03). The 5-year survival rate in patients with less than 10% COX-2 positive cells was 47.5% compared to 23.2% in patients with more than 10% COX-2 positive cells (P = 0.0036). The relationship between survival and COX-2 staining was not due to COX-2 being a surrogate marker for TNM stage. Our results show that the expression of COX-2 is elevated in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus compared to normal epithelium and correlates with lymph node metastases. Survival was longer in those patients whose tumors expressed lower levels of COX-2.     

Rb/E2F1调控途径在新疆哈萨克族食管鳞癌发生中的作用

目的:探讨Rb基因与转录因子E2F1在新疆哈萨克族食管鳞癌中的表达及临床意义.方法:应用RT-PCR法对48例新疆哈萨克族食管鳞癌组织及其配对的癌旁正常组织进行Rb和E2F1表达检测,分析Rb/E2F1通路与新疆哈萨克族食管鳞癌发生发展之间的关系.结果:新疆哈萨克族食管鳞癌组织中Rb的阳性表达高于癌旁正常组织(64.6%,43.8%)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);转录因子E2F1的阳性表达率与癌旁正常组织阳性表达率(70.8%,75%)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).Rb、E2F1的表达与组织学分级及临床分期无关(P>0.05).Rb阳性表达强度与E2F1的阳性表达强度之间呈正相关(r=0.867,P<0.05).结论:Rb的高表达伴随新疆哈萨克族食管鳞癌的发生,E2F1可能作用于食管癌发生的早期阶段,二者在新疆哈萨克族食管鳞癌的发生发展中起拮抗作用.     

Smo和Gli1蛋白在食管鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨Sonic hedgehogq信号通路中Smo和Glil蛋白在食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)组织中的表达及临床意义.方法:采用免疫组织化学二步法分别检测60例ESCC、45例癌旁异型增生及60例食管正常黏膜组织中Smo和Glil蛋白的表达,并分析两者的表达水平与临床病理因素的关系.结果:Smo和Glil蛋白在ES...     

Clinicopathological features of superficial spreading and nonspreading squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

OBJECTIVES: Superficially spreading carcinoma of the esophagus, consisting mainly of intraepithelial carcinoma, is not as rare as was previously thought. Despite the surgical significance of this entity, no general definition has been established, and the clinical features of this disease remain to be clarified. METHODS: A total of 54 patients with superficial carcinoma of the esophagus (defined as carcinoma limited to the epithelium or superficially invading the lamina propria or submucosa) were classified into two groups according to the longitudinal extent of the lesion. A total of 13 patients with superficially spreading carcinoma (defined as a superficial carcinoma measuring >5 cm and consisting mainly of intraepithelial carcinoma) were compared to 41 patients with nonspreading esophageal carcinoma. RESULTS: One patient with superficially spreading carcinoma had a positive resection margin because of multiple cancerous lesions. The only significant difference in the clinical and pathological features of the two groups was a higher prevalence of associated multiple cancerous lesions in patients with the superficially spreading type. CONCLUSIONS: Superficially spreading carcinoma of the esophagus is often associated with multiple cancerous lesions. For endoscopists and esophageal surgeons, it is important to define the proximal extent of intraepithelial cancer and the presence of multiple cancerous lesions to perform curative resection.     

E2F-1蛋白在肺鳞状细胞癌及腺癌中的表达及临床病理学意义

目的:研究E2F-1蛋白在肺鳞状细胞癌及腺癌中的表达情况,探讨其在肺癌发生发展中的作用机制及其与临床病理学特征间的关系。方法:应用免疫组化ElivisionTMsuper二步法检测71例肺鳞状细胞癌、腺癌及相应癌旁组织中E2F-1蛋白的表达情况。结果:肺鳞状细胞癌及腺癌组织中E2F-1蛋白的阳性表达率为83.1%(59/71),显著高于癌旁组织中的8.5%(6/71)(P0.05);E2F-1蛋白表达随癌组织分化程度的减低有升高的趋势,在肺腺癌组织中(91.4%)的表达虽高于鳞状细胞癌中的表达(75.0%),但与组织分化、组织类型差异均无统计学意义,且与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、有无淋巴结转移及TNM分期等差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:E2F-1的过表达与肺鳞状细胞癌及腺癌的发生发展密切相关。     

Bmi-1和S100A4蛋白在食管鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其临床病理意义

目的:探讨Bmi-1和S100A4蛋白在食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)组织中的表达及其临床病理意义.方法:采用免疫组织化学法分别检测68例食管鳞状细胞癌、45例癌旁异型增生及36例正常食管黏膜组织中Bmi-1及S100A4蛋白的表达,并分析两者的表达水平与临床病理因素的关系.采用X2检验进行统计学分析.结果:Bmi-1蛋白在食管鳞状细胞癌、癌旁异型增生及正常黏膜组织中的阳性表达率分别为57.4%、48.9%、25.0%;S100A4蛋白的阳性表达率分别为48.6%、26.7%、13.9%,两者在组间的表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).食管鳞癌组织中Bmi-1和S100A4的蛋白表达与淋巴结转移及TNM分期均密切有关(P<0.05),而S100A4的蛋白表达还与肿瘤浸润深度有关(P<0.05).两者在食管鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达呈正相关(r=0.302,P<0.05).结论:Bmi-1及S100A4的蛋白表达与食管鳞状细胞癌发生发展密切相关,联合检测Bmi-1及S100A4两蛋白指标对食管鳞癌的预后判断具有重要的意义.     

Clinicopathological significance of vascular endothelial growth factor-C and cyclooxygenase-2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) is a specific growth factor of lymphatics, which is known to play some role in tumor growth and metastasis to lymph nodes and distant organs in various malignancies. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the expression of VEGF-C in human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) to elucidate its role in tumor progression and lymph node metastasis. Another aim of the study was to investigate the relation between VEGF-C and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in ESCC. METHODS: The expression of VEGF-C and COX-2 in ESCC was evaluated in 13 endoscopic mucosal resection specimens and in 21 surgical specimens by immunohistochemical staining. Clinical data were obtained from medical records. RESULTS: The degree of VEGF-C expression increased as the depth of primary tumor progressed (r = 0.521, P = 0.002), the stage progressed (r = 0.572, P < 0.001), and the degree of COX-2 expression increased (r = 0.387, P = 0.024). The VEGF-C positive rate was different between early cancers in which regional lymph node metastasis was thought to be absent and advanced cancers in which regional lymph node metastases were confirmed after surgery (20.0% vs 100.0%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The VEGF-C expression in ESCC is related to COX-2 expression, and VEGF-C is also associated with the depth of primary tumor, the stage, and probably lymph node metastasis. Thus the investigation of VEGF-C expression in ESCC may assist in management planning.     

Expression and significance of ASPP2 in squamous carcinoma of esophagus

To study the significance of apoptosis stimulating protein of P53 2 (ASPP2) expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), immunohistochemistry S-P method was used to examine the expression of ASPP2 in 136 cases of ESCC, 35 cases of high grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN), 29 cases of low grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) and 37 cases of normal esophageal epithelium (NEE). The associations of ASPP2 expression with clinicopathological data and overall survival (OS) were also analyzed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to evaluate ASPP2 expression in a total of 20 matched human ESCC tumor tissues and normal adjacent tissues (NAT). In addition, EC109 cells were treated with cisplatin (CDDP) in vitro for 24 h (the intervention group) and the control group was set up at the same time. Western blot was used to examine the expression of ASPP2 protein between the two groups. The expression of ASPP2 decreased progressively from NEE to LGIN, to HGIN, and to ESCC, and it was related to TNM stage, histological differentiation and lymph node metastasis in ESCC (P < 0.05). ASPP2 was a protective factor of patients with ESCC (P = 0.008). The relative expression of ASPP2 mRNA was markedly downregulated in ESCC compared with the paired NAT (P < 0.01). Western blot results showed that cells in the intervention group could express ASPP2 while there was no expression of ASPP2 in the control group. Taken together, these results indicate that the abnormal expression of ASPP2 may play an important role for development and metastasis in ESCC.     

Clinicopathological significance of cyclooxygenase‐2 and cell cycle‐regulatory proteins expression in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

The aim of this study was to examine the expression of the molecular markers cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), Ki‐67, cyclin A, and p27 in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), to ascertain the relationship of these makers with the clinicopathological significance of the patients, and to assess the additional prognostic value of the expression profile of these proteins for ESCC patients. The expression levels of COX‐2, Ki‐67, cyclin A, and p27 proteins of a series of primarily resected ESCC samples were determined by immunohistochemistry method. Clinicopathological and molecular factors affecting survival were analyzed by multivariate analysis. A total of 78 specimens were included in this study. Expression of COX‐2 was observed in 43 (55.1%) cases, and high levels of expression of Ki‐67, p27, and cyclin A were observed in 57 (73.0%), 33 (42.3%), 43 (55.1%) cases, respectively. The results of univariate survival analysis indicated that more advanced tumor stage, lymph node involvement, systemic dissemination, the levels of expression of COX‐2, Ki‐67, cyclin A, and p27 were associated with survival (all P‐value < 0.05). Multifactorial survival analysis revealed that only lymph node involvement, over‐expression of cyclin A, and low p27 expression were associated with the survival of the patients (hazard ratios = 2.83, 4.7, 2.9, respectively; P= 0.025, 0.042, 0.005, respectively). Among the molecular markers assessed, the expression of cell proliferation markers cyclin A and p27 are independent prognostic factors in patients with ESCC, whereas neither COX‐2 nor Ki‐67 is of independent prognostic value.     

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

Purpose

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) of the esophagus is a rare carcinoma with distinct characteristics. No standard treatment has been established. This retrospective study was designed to investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of esophageal BSCC.

Methods

Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed from 26 patients with pathologically confirmed esophageal BSCC who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy between January 1995 and June 2010 at the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College. Clinicopathologic data between BSCC patients and different histologic grades of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients were statistically compared by means of the χ² test or Fisher’s exact test. The Kaplan–Meier and log-rank methods were used to estimate and compare survival rates.

Results

Microscopically, BSCC was characterized by a nesting, lobular, or trabecular arrangement of small crowded cells with scant cytoplasm. None of the histologic specimens taken at preoperative esophagoscopy were diagnosed as BSCC. The median survival time (MST) of the 26 patients was 29.0?months (95% confidence interval, 9.0–49.0), and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 73.1, 42.7, and 36.6%, respectively. The MST for BSCC patients was significantly lower than that of well-differentiated SCC patients (P?=?0.024), but there were no significant differences between the MST for BSCC patients and that of moderately or poorly differentiated SCC patients (P?>?0.05).

Conclusions

BSCC of the esophagus is a rare but distinctive disease and is prone to be misdiagnosed by endoscopic biopsy. The prognosis is poorer than well-differentiated SCC, but similar to moderately or poorly differentiated SCC.     

Clinicopathologic significance of expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The focus of studies on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) have been on its ability to mediate the biological behavior of human tumors including tumorigenesis, tumor progression, apoptosis and differentiation. The aim of the current study was to elucidate a further finding on the clinicopathologic significance of immunohistochemical expression of COX2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODOLOGY: The immunohistochemical expression of COX2 was examined for 68 specimens of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the correlation of COX2 expression with clinicopathologic features was examined. COX2 immunoreactivity was weak in 27 (40%) and strong in 41 (60%) of the carcinomas. RESULTS: The proportion of poorly differentiated SCCs among tumors with a strong expression of COX2 (34%, 14 of 41) was significantly higher than among tumors with a weak expression of COX2 (19%, 3 of 14, p = 0.02). The depth of the tumors (p = 0.0004), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.009) and the stage of the tumors (p = 0.001) were advanced significantly more progressively in ESCCs with a strong COX2 expression. Moreover, survival was significantly reduced (p = 0.02) among patients with strong COX2 expression when compared with the COX2 weak group. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that strong expression of COX2 was correlated with tumor progression and poor differentiation in ESCC.     

食管鳞癌clusterin表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨食管鳞癌组织clusterin表达和单纯手术治疗前后外周血clusterin含量变化与食管鳞癌临床参数的相关性.方法:RT-PCR分析5对食管鳞癌及其远端切缘食管上皮中clusterin基mRNA表达水平;ELISA分析41例单纯手术治疗食管鳞癌患者治疗前后的血清clusterin蛋白表达水平及其与临床特征的相关性.结果:与正常食管上皮相比食管鳞癌组织中clusterin基因表达显著下降或缺失.食管鳞癌患者术前血清中clusterin含量明显低于术后血清含量(3.23 mg/Lvs 25.71 mg/L,P<0.0001).食管鳞癌患者术前血清clusterin含量与肿瘤大小相关(P<0.01),而与年龄、性别、分化程度、肿瘤分期、淋巴结转移.以及总蛋白、白蛋白、血糖、血脂和总胆红素浓度无关(r=-0.1334,-0.1602,0.2413,0.0389,-0.2882,均p>0.05).结论:clusterin基因在食管鳞癌组织中表达明显下调或缺失,血清clusterin含量明显降低,提示在食管鳞状细胞癌中clusterin基因可能具有潜在的抑癌基因作用,动态检测外周血clusterin含量有助于判断食管癌进展.     

Immunohistochemical expression of thymidine phosphorylase/platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Thymidine phosphorylase (dThdPase) is identical to platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor which is an angiogenic factor. We attempted to clarify the significance of dThdPase expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODOLOGY: Tissues samples were taken from 50 patients with esophageal SCC after curative surgery. The expression of dThdPase was immunohistochemically examined using a monoclonal antibody to dThdPase (clone 654-1). Microvessels in SCC stained for Factor VIII-related antigen were counted. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was immunostained with R11. Ki-67 antigen was immunostained with MIB-1, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin nick end labeling was performed, and Ki-67 labeling index (LI) and apoptotic index were calculated. RESULTS: The expression of dThdPase was observed in 30 patients (60%). Between the SCC with and without dThdPase expression, significant differences were found in microvessel count (p < 0.001) and VEGF expression (p < 0.01), but not in Ki-67 LI and apoptotic index. With regard to the clinicopathologic factors, significant differences were observed in histologic venous invasion (p < 0.01) and lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05). Survival rate after surgery was better in the patients with dThdPase-negative SCC (p < 0.05), and distant organ metastasis after surgery was frequently observed in the patients with dThdPase-positive SCC (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that dThdPase expression may be associated with angiogenic promotion and may be one of the prognostic factors in esophageal SCC.     

Adipocytokines and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

Purpose  

Adipocytokines are adipocyte-secreted hormones associated with some malignancies. It has been reported that the impaired response of adipocytokines to body weight loss may play a role in the pathogenesis of cancer-induced cachexia. We investigated the association between adipocytokines with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE).     

P-gp和ABCG2在食管鳞状细胞癌中的表达及临床病理意义

目的:研究肿瘤耐药相关基因P-gp和ABCG2在食管鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达及其临床病理特征和预后的关系.方法:应用免疫组织化学SP法检测食管鳞状细胞癌患者76例及正常食管黏膜30例,观察肿瘤耐药相关基因P-gp和ABCG2的表达,同时回顾性研究了这些表达与食管鳞状细胞癌发生、浸润及转移等临床病理学参数的关系.结果:(1...