南北两城市PM_(2.5)样品中多环芳烃检测与特征分析

目的对深圳市(南方城市)和太原市(北方城市)大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))样品进行有机污染物多环芳烃(PAHs)检测和特征分析。方法采集2017—2018年深圳市和太原市PM_(2.5)样品,采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定PM_(2.5)中16种多环芳烃[(萘、苊烯、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)蒽、屈、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)苝]的含量。结果 2017—2018年深圳市PHAs浓度在0.160～0.905 ng/m~3范围,均1.000 ng/m~3。2017—2018年排序前5位是:萘菲荧蒽苯并(b)荧蒽苯并(g,h,i)苝。2017—2018年太原市PHAs浓度在0.202～4.415 ng/m~3范围,其中5种PAHs[苯并(b)荧蒽,屈,荧蒽,芘,苯并(a)芘]均2.000 ng/m~3,2017—2018年排序前5位是:苯并(b)荧蒽屈荧蒽芘苯并(a)芘。经分析,2017和2018年太原PM_(2.5)多种PAHs浓度高于深圳,特别是苯并(b)荧蒽、屈、荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)芘、苯并(a)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)苝均显著高于深圳(均P0.01)。结论太原市PM_(2.5)中大部分PAHs浓度显著高于深圳市,说明太原市大气污染程度比深圳市严重,需要加强环境保护工作,预防PAHs对人群的健康危害。     

淮南市秋季大气可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃污染特征研究

目的研究淮南市秋季大气可吸入颗粒物(PM10)中多环芳烃的污染特征。方法于2007年11月采集淮南市交通区、化工区、商业区、文教区和居民区5个功能区大气中的PM10,并利用GC-MS对样品中PAHs进行分析,研究不同功能区PM10中PAHs的种类及其空间污染特征。结果淮南市秋季PM10中含有萘、苊、二氢苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并[a]蒽、、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘、二苯并[a,h]蒽、苯并[ghi]苝15种优控多环芳烃化合物。交通区、化工区、商业区、文教区和居民区大气PM10中PAHs的浓度分别为38.28、33.34、45.23、33.78、19.79ng/m3;含量分别为174.68、136.37、164.28、196.92、167.81μg/g。不同环数PAHs所占比例分布较一致,4、5环PAHs含量占优势,在不同功能区均约占多环芳烃总浓度的60%以上。结论不同功能区PM10中PAHs浓度依次为:商业区>交通区>文教区>化工区>居民区;各功能区采样点的PM10中4～5环PAHs占优势,说明淮南市秋季大气中PM10其来源具有一定的相似性。     

胎儿宫内多环芳烃暴露水平及其母婴暴露关系研究

目的了解胎儿宫内多环芳烃(PAHs)暴露水平,并探讨母婴暴露关系。方法于2006年10月至2008年1月在太原市两所二级甲等医院中随机调查符合条件的347名孕产妇,进行流行病学调查和生物样品的收集,其中母婴匹配的有271对用于本次分析。采用改进的高效液相色谱法测定母亲外周静脉血及新生儿脐带血中7种PAHs水平。结果可供检测的271对血清样本中,芘及苯并(a)蒽的检出率分别为母90.94%和脐79.34%;母95.97%和脐85.03%,其余4种致癌性PAHs的检出率均在50%～70%左右。脐带血苯并(k)荧蒽(P=0.002)、苯并(a)芘(P=0.002)、二苯并(a,h)蒽(P<0.001)水平均高于母血清,差异有统计学意义。此外,新生儿血清中苯并(b)荧蒽浓度要稍高于母亲,但差异没有统计学意义(P=0.075)。结论新生儿脐带血中可检出多种致癌性多环芳烃,并且脐带血中PAHs水平与母体相当甚至高于母体水平。     

大气PM_(2.5)中16种多环芳烃的聚焦微波辅助萃取-气相色谱质谱联用快速测定法

目的建立大气PM_(2.5)中16种多环芳烃的聚焦微波辅助萃取-气相色谱质谱联用(FMAE-GC-MS)快速测定法。方法切取已采集大气PM_(2.5)样品的1/8玻璃纤维滤纸,剪碎后置于微波萃取罐中,以正己烷-丙酮溶液(体积比为9∶1)65℃恒温微波萃取20 min,减压浓缩后氮吹近干,用正己烷定容至1.0 ml,以GC-MS法测定萘、苊烯、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)蒽、屈、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)苝。以保留时间和特征碎片离子定性,标准曲线法定量。结果该方法在0.5~10μg/ml范围内有良好线性关系,相关系数为0.995 8~0.999 5。在选择离子扫描模式下,检出限为0.06~0.11μg/ml,空气中最低检出浓度为0.42~0.77 ng/m3(以采集144 m~3空气计),相对标准偏差(RSD)为6.3%~15.2%。对四川某地冬、春季雾霾天30份大气PM_(2.5)样品中的16种多环芳烃进行测定,发现高沸点PAHs检出率较高,苯并(g,h,i)苝最高含量达到23.2 ng/m~3,16种PAHs检出率为26.7%~100%,合计浓度为99.1 ng/m~3。结论该方法快速、环保、提取效率高、定性定量准确、自动化程度高、抗干扰能力强,适合大气PM_(2.5)批量样品中16种PAHs的同时测定。     

致癌多环芳烃及其转化产物在生物实验中的光毒性

作者曾证实,浓度很低的多环芳烃在光作用下具有特殊光毒性,并认为多环芳烃的光毒性与致癌性直接相关。作者试用梨形四膜虫种(Tetrahymena pyriformis)的纤毛虫作纤毛虫光试验,使致癌多环芳烃及共转化产物的光毒性标准化,并借以建立多环芳烃致癌性的微生物学快速测定法。作者运用纤毛虫光试验法测试了具有不同致癌性的6种多环芳烃[苯并(a)芘、苯并(b)萤蒽、茚并(1,2.3-cd)芘、苯并(a)蒽、萤蒽和环戊烯并(cd)芘],这些多环芳烃的光毒性和致癌性之间有明显的平行关系。另外还利用该法研究了苯并(a)芘受紫外线照射     

某地区农田灌溉水中多环芳烃的污染状况研究

[目的]研究农田灌溉水是否受到多环芳烃的污染及其污染的程度,为农田灌溉水源污染治理提供科学依据。[方法]选用某市河流农田灌溉水为研究对象,液液萃取提取农田灌溉水中多环芳烃,高效液相色谱仪梯度洗脱,紫外和程序可变波长荧光检测器检测水中的萘、菲、荧蒽、芘、■、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘这7种多环芳烃的含量。[结果]该地区农田灌溉水样品检测出萘、菲、荧蒽、芘、■,总量分布范围在0.3901～1.7363μg/L,其中2～3环的萘、菲、荧蒽的含量较高,占多环芳烃总量的80%以上,而4环以上的PAHs含量相对较少。[结论]该农田灌溉水存在一定污染,需要加强治理。     

河北省大气PM10中多环芳烃的污染特征及苯并(a)芘等效毒性评价

目的 了解河北省大气PM10中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染特征和污染水平并进行苯并(a)芘等效毒性(BEQ)评价.方法 于2005-2006年利用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)对河北省内40个采样点四季大气PM10中16种多环芳烃进行分析,对比不同PAHs在不同季节的污染特征,并通过计算苯并(a)芘等效毒性并与其他城市比较对其污染水平和风险进行评价.结果 PAHs中浓度最高的为苯并(a)芘(春季),苯并(b)荧蒽(夏、秋季)和荧蒽(冬季).其中荧蒽浓度最高,单个点位平均值为85.53 ng/m3.冬季PAHs总浓度与苯并(a)芘浓度高于其他季节.河北大气PM10中苯并(a)芘的几何均值为9.63 ng/m3,PAHs的苯并(a)芘有效毒性为16.4.结论 不同种类PAHs在不同季节的大气PM10中的污染特征有着较大差异,其污染水平和毒性风险与国内部分城市相比处于中等水平.     

佳木斯秋季大气PM2.5中多环芳烃污染调查

为了解佳木斯市秋季大气PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃的污染特征,于2017年10月15—22日连续1周采集了佳木斯郊区大气PM_(2.5)样品,采用GC-MS定量分析了佳木斯市PM_(2.5)中16种多环芳烃的浓度,包括萘(naphthalene,NAP)、苊(acenaphthene,ACY)、二氢苊(acenaphthylene,ACE)、芴(fluorene,FLU)、菲(phenanthrene,PHE)、蒽(anthracene,ANT)、荧蒽(fluoranthene,FLO)、芘(pyrene,PYR)、苯并(a)蒽[benzo (a) anthracene,BaA]、屈(chrysene,CHR)、苯并(b)荧蒽[benzo (b)fluoranthene,BbF]、苯并(k)荧蒽[benzo (k) fluoranthene,BkF]、苯并(a)芘[benzo(a)pyrene,BaP]、茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘[indeno(1, 2,3-cd) pyrene,INP]、二苯并(a,h)蒽[dibenz(a,h)anthracene,DBA]和苯并(ghi)苝[benzo(ghi)perylene,BghiP]。结果显示,大气PM_(2.5)的浓度为92.54～529.84μg/m~3,均值为223.13μg/m~3;PAHs浓度范围为22.90～248.25 ng/m~3,均值为117.14 ng/m~3,多环芳烃中CHR、BaA、FLO、PYR、BbF、BaP和BkF相对含量较高,占多环芳烃总量79.73%,利用化合物比值进行源解析,PM_(2.5)中PAHs主要来源为燃煤;采用苯并(a)芘和苯并(a)芘等效质量浓度(BaPE)对佳木斯市大气颗粒物PM_(2.5)中的PAHs进行致癌风险评价,BaP日均值为11.86 ng/m~3,BaPE日均值为16.14 ng/m~3,均超过了居民区标准限值(2.5 ng/m~3),污染严重。     

非职业人群多环芳烃暴露对血脂代谢的影响

目的了解非职业人群血液中多环芳烃的暴露水平,探索其与血脂代谢异常的关系。方法于2016年3—7月,在哈尔滨市体检人群中随机选取447名研究对象并对其进行问卷调查,检测身高、体重,采集静脉血进行血脂相关指标检测,使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定血清中PAHs浓度。结果血清中苊烯、苊、蒽、芘、荧蒽、二苯并[a,h]蒽检出率小于50%,苯并[g,h,i]苝未检出,萘、苯并[j]荧蒽、苯并[b/k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、苯并[e]芘均检出,芴、菲、屈、苯并[a]蒽、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘检出率大于50%。与血脂正常组比较,血脂异常组人群血清中屈、苯并[b/k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘的浓度较高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。与血脂正常组比较,血脂异常组人群FBG、TC、TG、LDL-C、BMI水平均较高,而HDL-C水平较低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。Spearman相关分析结果显示,萘与BMI之间呈正相关(P0.05);芴与TG、LDL-C呈正相关(P0.05);屈与FBG、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C呈正相关(P0.05);苯并[j]荧蒽与FBG、TC、TG、LDL-C、BMI呈正相关(P0.05);苯并[b/k]荧蒽与FBG、TC、TG、LDL-C呈正相关(P0.05);苯并[a]芘与TC、LDL-C呈正相关(P0.05);苯并[e]芘与FBG、TG、BMI呈正相关(P0.05);茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘与FBG、TG呈正相关(P0.05)。在控制了年龄、性别、BMI、文化程度、婚姻状况、体育锻炼、居住地、吸烟饮酒情况、含PAHs食物食用频次、相关病史等混杂因素后进行多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,屈、苯并[b/k]荧蒽可能为血脂异常的危险因素(P0.05),其OR值分别为1.639(95%CI:1.314～2.044),1.517(95%CI:1.140～2.020)。结论屈和苯并[b/k]荧蒽的暴露可能会导致人体血脂代谢异常。     

饮用水中16种多环芳烃的高效液相色谱-荧光-二极管阵列同时测定法

目的建立饮用水中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的高效液相色谱-荧光-二极管阵列(HPLC-FLD-DAD)同时测定法。方法将1 L水样经Bond Elut Plexa固相萃取柱吸附,二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯洗脱,洗脱液经氮吹后用乙腈定容至0.5 ml,经0.45μm滤膜过滤,用Pursuit PAHs色谱柱分离,柱温30℃;用乙腈-水作流动相梯度洗脱,流速为1.8 ml/min;FLD采用波长切换方式测定萘、苊、菲、芴、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并[a]蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、二苯并[a,h]蒽、苯并[g,h,i]苝、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘15种PAHs,DAD采用254 nm波长检测苊烯;进样体积为5.0μl。结果在0.000 5~100 mg/L的线性范围内,16种PAHs的回归方程均呈较好的线性关系(r0.998)。本方法的检出限为0.04~0.50 ng/L,定量下限为0.13~1.67 ng/L;日内和日间RSD分别为1.0%~3.1%和1.5%~3.8%;加标回收率为77.7%~96.9%,加标RSD为1.1%~4.2%。结论该方法快速、准确、灵敏,适用于饮用水中16种PAHs的测定。     

Carcinogens in tobacco smoke: benzo[a]pyrene from Canadian cigarettes and cigarette tobacco.

We evaluated the benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) content in the smoke from 35 brands of Canadian cigarettes and 5 brands of Canadian tobaccos for roll-your-own cigarettes. For the cigarettes, mean values of BaP ranged from 3.36 ng to 28.39 ng per cigarette, roughly in proportion with declared tar values. The relationship between declared tar and yields of BaP, however, does not allow accurate prediction of one from the other. For the tobaccos, mean BaP values ranged from 22.92 ng to 26.27 ng (average, 24.7 ng) per cigarette. The implications of these findings are discussed with respect to overall exposure.     

Characterization of tobacco products: a comparative study of the tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields of cigars, manufactured cigarettes, and cigarettes made from fine-cut tobacco

Yields of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide were compared in selected Canadian brands of manufactured and hand-rolled cigarettes, and small and large cigars. To control for varying volumes of smoke delivery per cigarette or cigar, standardized comparisons in milligrams of toxic substance per liter of smoke were made. The mean deliveries per liter of smoke and tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide were highest for small cigars, followed by hand-rolled and manufactured cigarettes; large cigars had the lowest deliveries. Five out of six brands of cigarettes handmade from fine-cut tobacco delivered significantly more tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide per cigarette or per liter than did the identically named manufactured brand.     

Ability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to induce 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity in a trout liver cell line.

Along with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 24 unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were evaluated for their ability to induce 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) activity in the rainbow trout liver cell line RTL-W1. When the duration and cell density of exposure were increased, the EC(50) for EROD induction was relatively constant for TCDD, but increased for PAHs. Regardless of exposure conditions, EROD activity was not induced by 9 PAHs: naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, perylene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, and fluoranthene. Two PAHs, benzo[g,h,i]perylene and coronene, induced EROD activity inconsistently. The remaining 13 PAHs consistently induced EROD activity. The EC(50)s for induction exhibited approximately a 110-fold range. The order of potency, from most to least potent, was benzo[k]fluoranthene, dibenzo[a,i]pyrene, dibenzo [a,h]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, benzo [b]fluoranthene, pentacene, benzo[b]anthracene, benzo[b] fluorene, chrysene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[e]pyrene, and triphenylene. When the induction potency was expressed relative to TCDD, the toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) ranged from 0.001 to 0.000 01. When expressed relative to benzo[a]pyrene, the TEFs ranged from 3.44 to 0. 03.     

Cancer risk assessment,indicators, and guidelines for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient air

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are formed during incomplete combustion. Domestic wood burning and road traffic are the major sources of PAHs in Sweden. In Stockholm, the sum of 14 different PAHs is 100-200 ng/m(3) at the street-level site, the most abundant being phenanthrene. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) varies between 1 and 2 ng/m(3). Exposure to PAH-containing substances increases the risk of cancer in humans. The carcinogenicity of PAHs is associated with the complexity of the molecule, i.e., increasing number of benzenoid rings, and with metabolic activation to reactive diol epoxide intermediates and their subsequent covalent binding to critical targets in DNA. B[a]P is the main indicator of carcinogenic PAHs. Fluoranthene is an important volatile PAH because it occurs at high concentrations in ambient air and because it is an experimental carcinogen in certain test systems. Thus, fluoranthene is suggested as a complementary indicator to B[a]P. The most carcinogenic PAH identified, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, is also suggested as an indicator, although it occurs at very low concentrations. Quantitative cancer risk estimates of PAHs as air pollutants are very uncertain because of the lack of useful, good-quality data. According to the World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, the unit risk is 9 X 10(-5) per ng/m(3) of B[a]P as indicator of the total PAH content, namely, lifetime exposure to 0.1 ng/m(3) would theoretically lead to one extra cancer case in 100,000 exposed individuals. This concentration of 0.1 ng/m(3) of B[a]P is suggested as a health-based guideline. Because the carcinogenic potency of fluoranthene has been estimated to be approximately 20 times less than that of B[a]P, a tentative guideline value of 2 ng/m(3) is suggested for fluoranthene. Other significant PAHs are phenanthrene, methylated phenanthrenes/anthracenes and pyrene (high air concentrations), and large-molecule PAHs such as dibenz[a,h]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (high carcinogenicity). Additional source-specific indicators are benzo[ghi]perylene for gasoline vehicles, retene for wood combustion, and dibenzothiophene and benzonaphthothiophene for sulfur-containing fuels.     

Composition of popular tobacco products in Thailand, and its relevance to disease prevention

BACKGROUND. This report presents new findings on the composition of the three best-selling brands of commercially produced Thai cigarettes, representing about 80% of market share in Thailand, and six best-selling tobacco products, including hand-rolled cigarettes and cigars. RESULTS. With one exception, all Thai cigarettes yielded higher levels of tar and nicotine than U.S. brands sold in Thailand. High levels of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide (CO) were found in the smoke of popular Thai cigars (Khiyo) and Burmese cigars sold in Thailand. All tobacco products tested were ranked in order of smoke yields of tar (cigarettes, 4.5 to 40.8 mg/cigarette), nicotine (0.19 to 5.77 mg/cigarette), and CO (3.1 to 9.5 mg/cigarette). The labels "very strong," "strong," and "mild," used in rating the tobacco quality by the growers in Thailand, were not found to reflect the relative nicotine and tar yields. From 1985-1990, per capita consumption of cigarettes in Thailand increased 1.4-fold. CONCLUSION. This report provides information that may prove helpful in the evaluation of the tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields of cigarettes and cigars in Thailand compared with levels in U.S. cigarettes. It is our goal to offer the scientific basis for voluntary and/or regulated reduction of the smoke yields of tobacco products in Thailand.     

Estimates of maximum or average cigarette tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields can be obtained from yields under standard conditions

Average yields of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide per liter of smoke and per cigarette were determined for 10 brands of cigarettes smoked under 27 different conditions (one standard and 26 nonstandard). Per cigarette yields were highly variable across smoking conditions due to differences in the total volume of smoke taken for analysis. The results of a simple linear regression analysis indicated that up to 95% of the variation in tar yield per cigarette could be explained by variations in the total volume of smoke produced per cigarette. Per liter yields for tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide were almost constant over the conditions investigated. Since most smokers inhale less than this amount, yields per liter provide a rough estimate of the maximum amount to which a smoker might be exposed. Yields per liter, taken over all 26 conditions, are highly correlated with per cigarette yields under standard conditions. Consequently, values on one scale can be converted to the other, at least for the 10 brands investigated. The average conversion factor for tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide is 2.5 when proceeding from milligrams per king-size cigarette under standard conditions to milligrams per liter. This relationship is true for both vented and nonvented cigarettes when ventilation holes are not blocked.     

Characterization of the H4IIE Rat Hepatoma Cell Bioassay for Evaluation of Environmental Samples Containing Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

The H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay has been extensively used to assess the toxic equivalents (TEQs) of complex mixtures of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples. However, there is often a discrepancy between bioassay induction results and toxic equivalents calculated from chemical analysis of samples; the former generally yield higher bioassay-TEQs. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of chemicals which can significantly contribute to induction-TEQs. Benzo(a)pyrene (BAP), dibenz(a, h)anthracene (DBA), benz(a)anthracene (BA), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), chrysene (Chr), and indeno(1,2,3-c,d) pyrene (IdP) are carcinogenic PAHs found in environmental samples, including oysters collected from Galveston Bay. The induction potency of these PAHs relative to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was determined individually in rat hepatoma H4IIE cells seeded in 6-well plates, and the induction-derived equivalency factors (EFs) relative to TCDD were 0.000354, 0.00203, 0.000025, 0.00478, 0.00253, 0.00020, 0.0011 for BAP, DBA, BA, BkF, BbF, Chr, and IdP, respectively. Dilutions of a reconstituted PAH mixture containing 23 PAHs (744 to 4466 ng/g total PAHs) with constant percentages of BAP (4.5%), DBA (3.5%), BA (2.4%), BkF (3.7%), BbF (3.5%), Chr (4.7%), and IdP (4.2%) yielded bioassay-derived induction-EQs that ranged from 0.52 to 1.44 ng/g. Oysters exposed in the laboratory to the same PAH mixture for 30 days differentially accumulated the PAHs with time. Bioassay-EQs for these oyster extracts ranged from 0.94 to 5.79 ng/g. These results were similar to the chemically calculated EQs which varied from 0.81 to 3.13 ng/g. Received: 29 August 1996/Revised: 9 November 1996     

Yields of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide in the sidestream smoke from 15 brands of Canadian cigarettes

Sidestream smoke yields for 15 brands of cigarettes were determined under conditions where mainstream yields were approximately equal to those used for determining the values which appear on packages of Canadian cigarettes. Sidestream yields of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide were much higher than mainstream yields for all brands tested. The average sidestream-to-mainstream ratios for the 15 brands were 3.5, 6.6, and 6.8 for tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide, respectively. The highest yields of sidestream were obtained from the brands with the lowest mainstream yields.     

Monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in seafoods from Lake Timsah

Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrpcarvons (PAHs) in some seafoods caught from Lake Timsah were determined. The tested samples were tilapia fish (Oreochromis aureus), crabs (Portuns pelagicus), bivalves (Venerupis decussata), clams (Strombus tricornis) and gastropods (Munes Sp.). Where these seafoods are locally and favorite consumed foods in the area around the lake (Ismailia governorate). Results showed that crabs contained significantly higher concentrations of both total and carcinogenic PAHs ranging from 1318.6 to 3767.4 and 1230.3 to 3442.2 microg kg(-1), respectively. Meanwhile, clams contained significantly lower levels with mean value of 28.4 microg kg(-1) for total and 24.4 microg kg(-1) for carcinogenic PAHs. The most frequently detected PAHs in the tested samples were indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene followed by benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, and benzo(b)fluoranthene which are characterized as carcinogenic compounds.     

Quantification and Source Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Core Sediments from Sundarban Mangrove Wetland, India

The distribution and potential sources of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment cores (<63 μm particle size) of the Sundarban mangrove wetland, northeastern coast of Bay of Bengal (India), were investigated by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs (∑₁₆PAHs) ranged from 132 to 2938 ng/g, with a mean of 634 ng/g, and the sum of 10 out of 16 priority PAHs (∑₁₀PAH) varied from 123 to 2441 ng/g, with a mean of 555 ng/g, and the 5 carcinogenic PAHs (benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, and dibenz[a,h]anthracene) accounted for 68–73% of the priority PAHs. Maximum concentrations of the sediment core were obtained at subsoil depth of 12–16 cm. The prevalence of four to six aromatic ring PAHs and cross-plots of specific isomer ratios such as phenanthrene/anthracene, fluoranthene/pyrene, and methylphenanthrenes/phenanthrene suggested the predominance of wood and coal combustion sources, the atmospheric deposition, and surface runoff to be the major transport pathways. A good correlation existed between the benzo[a]pyrene level and the total PAH concentrations, making this compound a potential molecular marker for PAH pollution. Total TEQ_S^carc values calculated for samples varied from 6.95 ng/g TEQ_S^carc to 119 ng/g TEQ_S^carc, with an average of 59 ng/g dry weight TEQ_S^carc. The baseline data can be used for regular monitoring, considering the industrial and agricultural growth around this coastal environment.