局部肿胀麻醉包皮袖状切除术在临床中的应用

目的:探讨在包皮环切手术中一种新的麻醉方法和手术细节改进。方法:在行包皮袖状切除术前,设计并标记内板和外板环状切口位置,用1%利多卡因加1:20万单位肾上腺素分别在内外板切口标记线处做皮下浸润麻醉,使局部组织轻微肿胀即可手术,同时在缝合、包扎上予以改进。结果:采用该麻醉方法进行手术,麻醉时效长达3h,整个手术过程中无疼痛,达到了非常好的麻醉效果;术后包扎确切,不用拆线,肿胀明显减轻。结论:局部肿胀麻醉结合包皮袖状切除,在包皮环切手术中是一种非常有效的方法。     

包皮环切缝合器手术与传统包皮环切术的临床对比分析

【摘要】目的观察包皮环切缝合器手术与传统包皮环切术的疗效对比。方法回顾性分析2015年7月至2016年7月间采取2种不同方法进行的包皮环切术共203例,其中传统手术114例,包皮环切缝合器手术89例,比较2种手术的手术时间,术中出血量,疼痛感,术后并发症发生情况,切口愈合时间及阴茎外形满意度。结果环切缝合器手术的手术时间,术中出血量,术中疼痛VAS,术后伤口愈合时间均明显小于传统手术（P<0.05）;阴茎外形满意度高于传统手术（P<0.05）;环切缝合器手术的术后出血、伤口感染及切口裂开等并发症发生率低于传统手术（P<0.05）;包皮水肿发生率2组无差异。结论环切缝合器在包皮环切术的应用,具有简便、快捷、微创、美容及并发症低的优点。     

包皮内外板一次环切术300例临床分析

目的总结包皮内外板一次环切术的疗效。方法300例患者行包皮内外板一次环切术,分离包皮阴茎头粘连,纵行剪开背侧包皮,环形切除过长的包皮,内外板对位间断缝合。结果术后出血10例,处理后恢复良好,290例效果满意。结论注意细节可保证手术成功,减少术后并发症。     

内板切除系带延长改良包皮环切术283例临床报告

目的探讨内板切除系带延长改良包皮环切术治疗包皮过长及包茎患者的方法和效果。方法采用内板切除系带延长改良包皮环切术治疗包皮过长及包茎患者283例。术中按阴茎勃起时的长度确定切除包皮多少,上推外板止血后,游离内板上包含大量淋巴管的皮下组织并保留。切除内板,纵行缝合系带止血并向下延长1-1.5cm,常规缝闭内外板切缘。培杲283例术后切口整齐,均I期愈合,无1例出现并发症,外形美观。结论内板切除系带延长改良包皮环切术治疗包茎及包皮过长疗效满意.优于传统手术。     

采用整形美容技术及理念治疗成人包茎的疗效观察

目的:探究整形美容技术及理念在治疗成人包茎上的临床治疗效果。方法:选取本院收治的109例因包茎需要进行包皮切除的成年患者作为研究对象,按照患者主动选择手术方式的不同将上述所有患者分为美容组(68例)和传统组(41例),其中传统组患者给予传统包皮环切术进行手术治疗,美容组则应用美容整形技术对包茎患者进行包皮环切手术治疗。对两组患者的术中情况、术后恢复情况、术后外观满意度及并发症情况进行比较分析。结果:美容组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛持续时间及切口愈合时间均显著低于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);在术后恢复期间,美容组患者术后并发症发生率明显低于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);美容组患者对阴茎外观的总满意度为94.12%,明显高于传统组(78.05%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:应用美容整形技术对成人包茎进行包皮环切治疗,具有创伤小、术后恢复快等优点,降低了术后并发症的发生,同时可有效避免传统包皮环切术后所产生的形态不良、瘢痕明显等情况,患者对阴茎外观的满意度明显提高。     

倒“V”形缺口垫环在包皮环切缝合器手术操作的应用

目的探讨应用倒"V"形缺口垫环进行包皮环切缝合器手术操作的临床疗效观察。方法应用自行研发的钟形阴茎头座倒"V"形缺口垫环的包皮环切缝合器,对30例包皮过长或包茎的患者,行包皮环切术。结果应用不锈钢板制备倒"V"形缺口垫环包皮环切缝合器手术操作,手术时间平均约8~12min。术后无出现切口大片裂开,无血肿形成或迟发大量出血。其中5例病人有少量渗血,行加压包扎2d后出血完全停止,3例有钛钉松动伴有约1cm切口裂开,予换药包扎5d后切缘对合平整,其余患者3d后拆除纱布无明显水肿和出血。术后1个月复诊,30例患者切口愈合良好,术后阴茎外形美观。结论自制倒"V"形缺口垫环包皮环切缝合器手术为微创手术,可快速准确定位,操作简便,患者痛苦小,疗效好,解决了以往出血较多、切缘不美观以及包皮内外板保留过多或过短和系带保留过短的缺点,值得推广。     

介绍一种包皮环切术的新缝合法

1992年至 1998年对 16 2例包皮过长、包茎患者行包皮环切术 ,术中采用新的缝合方法 ,现介绍如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　　本组患者共 16 2例 ,平均年龄 10 (2～ 2 4)岁 ,在全麻或局麻下行包皮环切术。1 2　手术方法　　包皮切除范围与外科手术学[1] 介绍相同。缝合方法 :缝合包皮内外板时紧贴切缘缝合 (约 0 2ｍｍ ) ,两线旋转交叉一周 (36 0 )将内外板切缘拉拢 ,再由助手将备好油纱条放在交叉后的缝线外结扎固定 ,缝线线结打在油纱外 ,依此法缝合内外板一周约需 8～ 16针 ,一般 12针左右 ,术后包扎及护理无特殊。其缝合要点 :①缝…     

一次性包皮环切缝合器治疗包皮过长(包茎)的临床研究(附192例报告)

<正>包皮过长和包茎是男性最常见的疾病,可见于各个年龄段[1,2]。包皮环切术是治疗包皮过长及包茎的最有效方法[3],主要有传统包皮环切术,简易包皮环切术,中国商环包皮环切术及一次性包皮环切缝合器环切术等[4-6],应用一次性包皮环切缝合器行包皮环切术是近年来开始使用的较先进的手术方式,其具有操作简单、手术快速,切口无需缝合,术中出血少,术后疼痛轻,术后整齐美观,无明显瘢痕等优     

CO2激光包皮环切"美容"术1624例

目的探讨将整形美容的方法引入CO2激光包皮环切术中治疗包皮过长及包茎的疗效。方法在行常规CO2激光包皮环切术中,将整形美容的方法贯穿始终。结果1624例中,1593例术后未发生并发症,伤口愈合良好,外形美观;7例术后6h内发生出血,24例术后9~20d切口裂开。结论将整形美容的方法引入CO2激光包皮环切术中,伤口愈合良好,外形美观,疗效满意。     

医用ZT胶代缝合行包皮环切术

包皮环切术是泌尿外科常见的小手术，以往采用丝线或肠线缝合切口，但术后切口换药、拆线给患者带来一定的痛苦。作者于1995年以来行色皮环切术38例，均采用医用ZT胶粘合切口，效果满意，观介绍如下。1临床资料本组38例，年龄5～28岁，平均14．6岁，均为门诊患者。全部病例均得到随访，其中2例有切口下小血肿，l例青年患者包皮切口全部裂开，究其原因是由于夜间阴茎勃起所致。其余35例切口均1期愈A口。2操作方法包皮常规环切后彻底止血，包皮内外板在3、6、9、12点处各缝一针，不打结，作牵引用；然后在两根牵引线之间的色皮内外板切口紧…     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.