颏下蒂岛状皮瓣在口腔癌术后口内缺损修复中的应用

目的:探讨颏下蒂岛状皮瓣在口腔癌术后口内缺损一期修复中的应用效果。方法:对我科2010年9月~2014年6月应用颏下蒂岛状皮瓣修复24例口腔癌术后口内软组织缺损患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,观察皮瓣的存活情况及近、远期临床效果。结果:1例下牙龈癌患者术后皮瓣出现静脉危象坏死,予以清除,创面拉拢缝合。23例皮瓣全部存活。术后随访6~36个月,该组病例均未见肿瘤复发与转移。组织瓣血运丰富,皮瓣形态良好,无臃肿,外观和功能满意。结论:颏下岛状皮瓣具有血管蒂恒定、制备简单、可旋转幅度大,厚度适中、易于成活及供区隐蔽等优点,是口腔癌切除后软组织缺损修复的较理想选择。     

颏下岛状瓣修复口腔癌术后缺损的临床应用

目的:探讨颏下岛状瓣修复口腔癌术后缺损的临床效果。方法:2010年6月～2011年12月收治的8例口腔癌患者,其中舌癌5例,舌根癌1例,口咽癌1例,下颌牙龈癌1例,全部采用颏下岛状瓣修复根治术后缺损,皮瓣最小5.5cm×4cm,最大8cm×4cm。结果:8例患者中6例皮瓣成功,2例坏死。患者言语、吞咽功能均正常,颈部瘢痕隐蔽,活动正常,外形满意。结论:颏下岛状瓣制备简单,成活率高,适合同期修复舌癌口咽癌及舌根癌术后缺损。     

颏下岛状瓣修复口腔癌术后缺损的临床应用

目的:探讨颏下岛状瓣修复口腔癌术后缺损的临床效果。方法:2010年6月～2011年12月收治的8例口腔癌患者,其中舌癌5例,舌根癌1例,口咽癌1例,下颌牙龈癌1例,全部采用颏下岛状瓣修复根治术后缺损,皮瓣最小5.5cm×4cm,最大8cm×4cm。结果:8例患者中6例皮瓣成功,2例坏死。患者言语、吞咽功能均正常,颈部瘢痕隐蔽,活动正常,外形满意。结论:颏下岛状瓣制备简单,成活率高,适合同期修复舌癌口咽癌及舌根癌术后缺损。     

颏下岛状皮瓣在舌癌术后组织缺损修复中的临床应用

目的：总结颏下岛状皮瓣修复舌癌术后组织缺损的临床经验。方法：对我科收治的11例舌癌术后缺损患者进行颏下岛状瓣修复,其中男性7例,女性4例,全部病例行舌癌扩大切除术,舌缺损采用颏下动脉岛状皮瓣同期修复。术后观察组织瓣生长情况以及修复效果。结果：10例皮瓣存活,皮瓣形态自然美观,舌活动灵活,基本恢复解剖形态和生理功能。术后随访12个月,未发现复发和转移。1例男性患者组织瓣上有胡须生长。1例出现皮瓣远端部分坏死,二期愈合。结论：应用颏下岛状皮瓣修复舌癌术后缺损操作简单,修复效果良好,是一种有效的修复方法。     

游离前臂皮瓣与颏下岛状瓣在口腔癌术后缺损修复中的对比研究

目的：比较游离前臂皮瓣与颏下岛状瓣对口腔癌术后缺损的修复效果。方法：回顾性分析2018年7月-2019年7月笔者医院口腔颌面外科收治的83例行口腔癌术后组织缺损修复的患者。根据术式的不同将其分为A组(n=32,行游离前臂皮瓣修复),B组(n=51,行颏下岛状瓣修复)。比较两组手术时间、术中平均出血量、皮瓣成活率、术后受区功能、术后供区不良情况发生率、患者满意度等情况。结果：A组手术时间、术中平均出血量均显著高于B组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组皮瓣成活率相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后两组患者咀嚼吞咽功能、吐字发音功能均逐渐恢复,但两组各功能评分比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。A组供区瘢痕增生、色素沉着、感染坏死、麻木或感觉异常、暂时性功能障碍的发生率均显著高于B组(P<0.05)。A组满意度显著低于B组(P<0.05)。结论：游离前臂皮瓣与颏下岛状瓣均可对口腔癌术后缺损进行较好修复,在条件允许下,颏下岛状瓣是较好的选择。     

颏下岛状皮瓣的临床应用

介绍应用颏下岛状皮瓣修复面部皮肤软组织缺损.应用颏下岛状皮瓣修复因创伤、瘢痕或痣切除所致面部皮肤软组织缺损10例,皮瓣面积最大者10cm×5cm,最小者5cm×3cm.10例皮瓣均完全成活,面部形态满意.颏下岛状皮瓣是修复面部皮肤软组织缺损的理想选择.     

颏下岛状皮瓣的临床应用

介绍应用颏下岛状皮瓣修复面部皮肤软组织缺损。应用颏下岛状皮瓣修复因创伤、瘢痕或痣切除所致面部皮肤软组织缺损 10例 ,皮瓣面积最大者 10cm× 5cm ,最小者 5cm× 3cm。 10例皮瓣均完全成活 ,面部形态满意。颏下岛状皮瓣是修复面部皮肤软组织缺损的理想选择     

颏下动脉颈部岛状扩张皮瓣修复面部软组织缺损

目的 探讨以颏下动脉为蒂的颈部扩张皮瓣在面部软组织缺损修复中的临床应用效果.方法 2004年9月至2008年9月,应用以颏下血管为蒂的颈部岛状扩张皮瓣修复面部软组织缺损12例.手术分两期进行,一期行颈部扩张器植入术,二期以一侧颏下动脉为蒂,设计岛状皮瓣转移修复面部软组织缺损.皮瓣的最大面积16 cm×9 cm.结果 12例皮瓣全部成活,其中1例因静脉回流不畅而出现皮瓣远端表皮坏死,经换药等治疗后愈合.4例获得远期随访,随访时间为6个月至2年,皮瓣质地及色泽均接近面部正常组织,外形满意,颈部供区瘢痕隐蔽、活动无明显受限.结论 颏下动脉走行恒定,颈部扩张后可以提供较大面积高质量的皮肤组织,以颏下动脉为蒂的颈部岛状扩张皮瓣是修复面部损伤后瘢痕挛缩及面部浅表肿瘤切除后组织缺损的较好的方法.     

颏下动脉蒂岛状瓣修复下颜面部皮肤软组织缺损

目的：探讨颏下动脉蒂岛状皮瓣修复下颜面部皮肤软组织缺损的可行性及优越性。方法：对16例多种病变切除后所造成的下颜面部皮肤软组织缺损，设计以颏下动脉为蒂的岛状皮瓣进行修复。结果：16例被修复的患者术后皮瓣完全成活。术后随访1—2年，所有患者对术区外观感到满意，无再度挛缩显现发生。结论：颏下动脉蒂岛状瓣具有下颜面部组织类似的特性，颜色、质地好，供区隐蔽，手术操作相对简单，安全、快速，是修复下颜面部皮肤软组织缺损的较好方法。     

岛状皮瓣在面部较大面积皮肤软组织缺损修复中的应用

目的探讨应用岛状皮瓣I期修复面部较大面积皮肤软组织缺损的可行性及优越性。方法针对各类面部较大面积皮肤软组织缺损患者,无合适局部带蒂皮瓣可供利用者,根据缺损部位、面积大小设计应用耳前皮下蒂侧颌颈岛状皮瓣、颏下动脉岛状皮瓣、内眦动脉岛状皮瓣、眼轮匝肌蒂岛状皮瓣及鼻唇沟皮下蒂岛状皮瓣等进行I期修复。结果共48例面部较大面积皮肤软组织缺损患者,采用上述岛状皮瓣修复,术后皮瓣全部成活,其中35例患者随访1～36个月,均获得良好的外形和功能恢复,效果满意。结论上述岛状皮瓣血供可靠,肤色质地好,供区多较隐蔽,手术操作也较为简单,安全快速,是I期修复面部较大面积皮肤软组织缺损的理想方法。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.