Digital nerve repair by autogenous vein graft in high-velocity gunshot wounds.

Gunshot wounds to the hands are high-energy injuries that cause widespread tissue damage, including to the nerves. Great difficulty is encountered in later reconstruction with nerve grafting of gaps in these destructive and scarred wounds. We present our experience with three patients with digital nerve repair by autogenous vein graft performed at an early stage in this type of injury. Based on our experience and that of others, this simple and rapid technique suggests a high rate of satisfactory results. It also avoids extensive and destructive late dissection and the morbidity associated with other late reconstructive procedures.     

Treatment results for open comminuted distal humerus intra-articuler fractures with Ilizarov circular external fixator

In open, intra-articular distal humerus fracture caused by gunshot injury, full functional recovery is difficult to obtain. Three basic treatment methods are available: minimal internal fixation, open reduction-internal fixation, and external fixation. In Gülhane Military Medical Academy Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, 19 of 20 cases of gunshot injuries were treated with circular external fixator between the January 1995 and December 2000. Nine (45%) cases were type III-A, eight (40%) were type III-B, and three (15%] were type III-C. Eight (40%) cases were brought to the hospital 6 to 8 hours after the injury and 12 (60%) were in late stage. An amputation was done in one case. Mean follow-up period was 34.3 (14-55) months. Union was achieved in all 19 of the cases, and circular external fixator was taken out in a mean period of 4.6 (3-7) months. In the early treatment group, three (42.9%) were good, three (42.9%) were moderate, and one (14.2%) was unsatisfactory. In the late treatment group, five (41.7%) were good, four (33.3) were moderate, and three (25%) were unsatisfactory. Circular external fixator can be preferred as a treatment alternative in selected cases of distal humerus intra-articular open communited fractures because it protects the soft tissue connections and blood circulation of bone fractured, permits early elbow movements, and allows the patient to return to daily life very early.     

切开复位内固定治疗肱骨髁间骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨切开复位、板钉内固定治疗肱骨髁间骨折疗效。方法1999年1月- 2006年5月,通过尺骨鹰嘴截骨或游离肱三头肌两侧人路,行切开复位、AO钛板螺钉内固定术治疗肱骨髁间骨折患者34例。经过平均2年4个月的随访,随访到29例,以Cassebaum评分标准评估患者肘关节功能。结果Cassebaum评分优19例,良6例,可3例,差1例,优良率为85%。1例鹰嘴截骨患者出现鹰嘴不愈合。结论切开复位、AO钛板螺钉内固定,尤其是双板固定是治疗肱骨髁间骨折的良好方法。     

外支架加有限内固定治疗胫腓骨开放性粉碎性骨折

分析外支架加有限内固定治疗胫腓骨开放性粉碎性骨折伴软组织损伤的疗效,以及其在软组织Ⅰ、Ⅱ期修复中的优越性,以期选择一种较理想的治疗方法.     

真空封闭技术治疗开放性骨折合并的感染创面

目的：探讨开放性骨折合并感染创面的有效治疗方法。方法：1995年2月－2000年10月共收治开放性骨折合并创面感染18例，其中表浅感染2例，深部感染7例，创伤后慢性骨髓炎9例，创面彻底清创后，将内置引流管的聚乙烯醇缩甲醛（PVA）泡沫置入创面，再用聚氨酯（PU）薄膜将PVA泡沫及周围正常皮肤一起覆盖密封，引流管接负压瓶，形成真空封闭，结果：处理14－30d(平均18．6d)，创面感染均得到控制，创面肉芽新鲜，创面面积缩小16．2％，II期游离植皮后，创面均愈合，其中14例随访1．5－36个月，感染无复发，结论：真空封闭技术能有效控制开放性骨折合并的创面感染，促进创面肉芽组织生长，有利于创面收缩。     

延期切开复位内固定治疗严重Pilon骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨延期切开复位内固定治疗严重Pilon骨折的疗效。方法选择2010年6月~2014年5月武汉市新华医院收治的严重Plion骨折患者144例,其中男性89例,女性55例;年龄21~58岁,平均35.6岁。根据随机数字表法分为观察组(72例)和对照组(72例)。观察组实施延期(伤后7d左右)切开复位及钢板内固定术式治疗,对照组实施早期(伤后3d内)切开复位及钢板内固定术治疗,对比两组术后整体疗效、手术相关指标、术后各时期的Baird踝关节评分以及术后创伤性关节炎、骨不连、踝关节僵硬、切口感染等并发症。结果观察组的优良率为91.67%,显著高于对照组的79.17%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组手术时间、出血量、术后卧床时间、负重下地时间、愈合时间及住院时间分别为(62.16±8.23)min、(50.65±6.32)m L、(5.42±1.26)d、(160.73±23.24)d、(115.92±15.33)d、(8.46±1.57)d,均显著少于对照组的(68.94±9.17)min、(74.76±10.17)m L、(8.43±1.19)d、(232.56±30.18)d、(187.49±24.30)d、(13.24±2.21)d,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后3、6、12个月Baird踝关节评分分别为(85.13±13.46)、(89.50±12.63)、(96.15±13.22),均显著高于对照组的(74.42±10.89)、(78.14±9.87)、(80.46±11.78),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组并发症发生率为4.17%,显著低于对照组的33.33%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论利用延期切开复位的内固定术式治疗严重Pilon骨折,有助于踝关节功能恢复,疗效及安全性均较好,适合进一步研究和应用。     

Intersecting fractures of the skull and gunshot wounds. Case report and literature review

When two fracture lines of a solid surface (ice, glass, eggshell, etc.) intersect, it is always possible to tell which one has been made first. Indeed pre-existing damage of the surface arrests all the fracture lines produced by subsequent impacts. This well-known principle (established by Puppe in 1903) has been largely used in glass fracture analysis, but can be applied also to the examination of skull fractures. It can help sequencing blunt force or gunshot injuries determining the direction of fire and differentiating entrance from exit wounds in the absence of specific distinguishing features (i.e., internal/external beveling of the skull or overlying skin indicators). In this context, we report the case of a 76-year-old man who shot himself in the mouth with a Walther PPK 7.65 handgun and highlight the utility of the application of both Puppe’s Rule and Multislice Computed Tomography (MSCT) in the examination of gunshot wounds to the skull.     

外固定支架结合有限内固定治疗C3型Pilon骨折临床分析

总结应用混合外固定支架结合有限内固定治疗28例C3型Pilon骨折的临床资料,认为其方法对软组织损伤重、腓骨骨折及胫骨十骺端粉粹性骨折是一种效果较好的治疗方法.     

延期切开复位内固定加植骨治疗严重Pilon骨折

目的探讨延期切开复位内固定加植骨治疗严重Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法对15例严重Pilon骨折（Ruedi—Allgower分型Ⅲ型）患者全部采用延期切开复位内固定加植骨（自体髂骨或同种异体骨）治疗，术后行石膏托外固定6～8周。结果所有患者术后获10～48个月（平均25，3个月）的随访，骨折均获骨性愈合，骨折愈合平均时间为4．8个月。踝关节功能按Mazur等的评分标准，优7例，良5例，可2例，差1例，优良率为蜘％。结论对严重的Pilon骨折延期切开复位内固定加植骨是一种行之有效的方法，术前应严格评估软组织损伤程度，术中正确选择手术入路，恢复关节面的平整性，对骨折端予以坚强稳定的内固定，坚持生物学固定的原则，骨缺损区应足量植骨，避免术后发生Ⅱ期塌陷。     

外固定支架对胫骨开放性骨折的治疗

对17例胫骨开放性骨折行外固定支架固定，骨外露作局部皮瓣或者对侧小腿外侧皮瓣转位，骨缺损行植骨，所有患者达到良好的治疗效果。     

非战时颅脑火器伤和非火药弹伤的特点及处理

目的分析非战时颅脑火器伤和非火药弹伤的创伤弹道学特点及处理要点。方法回顾性总结36例颅脑火器伤患者临床资料,分析投掷物类型、伤情及处理。其中颅脑贯通伤2例,盲管伤29例,切线伤1例,颅骨头皮伤4例。根据伤情给予不同的手术处理。结果痊愈35例、死亡1例(2.8%)。结论不同投掷物具有不同的创伤弹道学特性。在对颅脑火器伤处理中应分析创伤弹道学特点和伤情,采用相应的处理方法,才能取得最佳的治疗效果。     

有限内固定加组合式外固定器治疗重度开放性胫腓骨骨折

总结有限内固定加组合式外固定器治疗重度开放性胫腓骨骨折的临床资料,认为用有限内固定加组合式外固定器治疗重度开放性胫腓骨骨折,手术创伤小,三维固定,关节可早期活动,治愈率高,并发症少,疗效满意。     

撬拨复位结合Ilizarov技术治疗跟骨关节内骨折

目的 介绍撬拨复位结合Ilizarov技术治疗足跟皮肤软组织条件不良的跟骨关节内骨折的方法.方法 自2007年9月至2009年9月,应用该方法治疗足跟皮肤软组织条件不良的跟骨关节内骨折11例,男10例,女1例;年龄21～50岁,平均33.6岁.左4例,右7例.骨折采用Sanders分型:Ⅱ型7例,Ⅲ型3例,Ⅳ型1例.软组织损伤采用AO闭合软组织损伤分型:IC2型3例,IC3型6例,IC5型1例及皮肤开放撕脱伤1例.术前B(o)hler角0°～12°,平均8°;Gissane角70°～95°,平均80°.手术方法:跟骨结节外侧插入骨圆针撬拨复位后关节面骨块,再利用打入的橄榄针的拉张纠正跟骨内、外侧骨块的移位,并用llizarov环形支架同定.结果 11例患者全部获得随访,时间6～20个月,平均13.3个月.骨折全部愈合,愈合时问7～10周,平均8.1周.术后B(o)hler角20°～45°,平均33°;Gissane角100°～118°,平均107°.对按Maryland足部评分系统评价术后功能,优7例,良3例,可1例,优良率为91%.结论 撬拨复位结合Ilizarov技术可以恢复并维持跟骨正常的解剖形态,减少伤口感染等术后并发症的发生;尤其适用于Sanders II、III型伴软组织损伤严重的闭合骨折或开放骨折;掌握好手术适应证及操作要点可以取得满意的临床疗效.

Abstract：

Objective To introduce the treatment of intraarticular calcaneal fractures with poor soft tissue using poking reduction combined with Ilizarov methods. Methods From September 2007 to September 2009,11 patients with the intraarticular calcaneal fractures were treated with poking reduction combined with Ilizarov methods,including 10 males and 1 female at average age of 33.6 years(range,21-50 years).Four patients had the left calcaneal fractures and seven with the right ones.According to Sander classification,there were seven patients with type II fractures,three with type III fractures and one with type IV fracture.The various extents of heel soft tissue injury were emerged in all the patients.Before operation,B(o)hler angle was 0°-12°(average 8°)and Gissane angle 70°-95°(average 80°).According to AO classification of close soft tissue injury,there were three patients with type IC2,six with type IC3,one with type IC5 and one with open soft tissue injury.The collapse of the articular surface was recovered by Steinmann pin which passed through the lateral calcaneal tubercle.The medial and lateral fracture fragments were corrected by using the tensed olive wires.The heighat and width were maintained by using the Ilizarov external fixation. Results The mean duration of follow-up was 13.3 months (range,6-20 months).All fractures were healed after mean duration for 8.1 weeks(range,7-10weeks).The postoperative B(o)hler angle was 20°-45°(average 33°)and Gissane angle 100°-118°(average 107°).According to Maryland Foot Score system,the result of postoperative function was excellent in seven patients,good in three and fair in one,with excellence rate of 91%. Conclusions For the intraarticular calcaneal fractures,the poking reduction combined with Ilizarov method is able to recover and maintain the normal calcaneal height and width and reduce postoperative wound infections and many other complications.specially for Sanders II or III with severe soft tissue injury in the open or closed calcaneal fractures.Master of surgical indications and operating poims can attain satisfactory clinical efficacy.     

手术治疗锁骨骨折79例临床分析

目的 探讨锁骨骨折切开复位内固定方式。方法2005年1月～2009年1月,锁骨骨折不同方式切开复位内固定79例。结果79例随访0．5～4年,钢板断裂1例,余均骨性愈合,肩关节功能良好。结论锁骨干接骨板治疗锁骨骨折有优点．术者手术操作及术后护理是关键。     

经单一腹直肌旁入路切开复位内固定治疗髋臼双柱骨折

目的 探讨经单一腹直肌旁入路切开复位内固定治疗髋臼双柱骨折患者的临床疗效.方法 采用回顾性病例系列研究分析2015年6月至2019年6月山东第一医科大学附属省立医院收治的44例髋臼双柱骨折患者临床资料,其中男29例,女15例;年龄21～72岁[(41.3 ±8.4)岁].均采用单一腹直肌旁入路切开复位内固定治疗.记录手...     

Treatment of fractures of the tibial shaft with inter-fragmentary screws and external fixation.

In a prospective trial, 10 patients underwent inter-fragmentary screws and external fixation for unilateral tibial shaft fractures. Anatomical reduction was achieved in all cases and uncomplicated bone union occurred in nine patients with a mean time to union of 122 (SD 20) days. One patient had delayed union and the fracture malunited. A 20% pin tract sepsis rate was encountered. The high risk of infection, the demanding follow-up and availability of better methods, does not allow this technique to be recommended in the routine treatment of closed tibial diaphysial fractures.     

胫骨开放性骨折的交锁髓内钉治疗

对35例胫骨开放性骨折行急诊清创、交锁髓内钉内固定术,术后除1例Ⅲ型骨折外,其余34例手术后均无感染,愈合良好。作者认为保证正确彻底的清创及抗生素的及时应用,除Ⅲ型骨折外,胫骨开放性骨折可以用交锁髓内钉固定。