抑郁症患者的自杀意念与血清总胆固醇水平

对110例抑郁症患者的血清总胆固醇（STch)水平与自杀意念的关系进行了探讨。研究组中男性45例,女性65例;正常对照组82例。结果110例抑郁症患者STch均值明显低于对照组。STch水平与自杀意念、自杀行为呈明显的负相关。认为低STch水平可增加抑郁症患者自杀的危险性。     

抑郁症患者自杀意念影响因素研究进展

在精神疾病中,尤其是抑郁症患者中,自杀意念是普遍存在的。抑郁症患者自杀意念在国内外已有较多研究,本文将从抑郁症患者自杀意念的心理社会因素、生物学因素、共病及其他精神病性症状三方面对国内外相关研究进行归纳性介绍。     

伴自杀意念抑郁症患者静息态下比率低频振幅特征研究

目的探讨伴自杀意念抑郁症患者的脑活动特征及其与抑郁严重程度、自杀意念和自杀危险的关系。方法运用比率低频振幅方法对30例伴自杀意念、22例不伴自杀意念抑郁症患者和21名正常对照的静息态功能磁共振图像进行比较,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项(Hamilton depression scale 17-item,HAMD-17)评估抑郁症患者的抑郁严重程度,Beck自杀意念量表评估抑郁症患者的自杀意念和自杀危险,并分析伴自杀意念抑郁症组与不伴自杀意念抑郁症组差异脑区的比率低频振幅值与抑郁症严重程度、自杀意念和自杀危险的关系。结果伴自杀意念抑郁症组左侧枕上回/枕中回、右侧枕中回/枕下回fALFF值高于对照组(P0.05,AlphaSim校正),不伴自杀意念抑郁症组左侧枕中回fALFF值高于对照组(P0.05,AlphaSim校正),伴自杀意念抑郁症患者左侧枕中回、右侧枕中回fALFF值高于不伴自杀意念组(P0.05,AlphaSim校正)。伴自杀意念组左侧枕中回(r=0.366,P=0.046)、右侧枕中回(r=0.513,P=0.004)fALFF值分别与HAMD-17总分呈正相关,与Beck自杀意念量表相关无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论伴自杀意念抑郁症患者的双侧枕中回脑功能存在异常,但本研究未发现这种异常脑功能活动与Beck自杀意念量表的自杀意念和自杀危险因子具有相关性。     

抑郁症住院患者的自杀意念现状分析

目的 探究住院抑郁症患者自杀意念的影响因素。方法 招募66例住院抑郁症患者,根据Beck自杀意念量表将其分为有自杀意念组（40例）,无自杀意念组（26例）,采用17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表、Beck绝望量表、生存理由量表中文版对两组患者进行评估。结果 (1)有自杀意念组患者的抑郁评分显著高于无自杀意念组患者,有统计学差异（P<0.05）,两组焦虑评分无统计学差异（P>0.05）;(2)有自杀意念组患者对未来的感觉、对未来的期望因子评分和总分显著高于无自杀意念组患者（P<0.05）,两组动机的丧失因子评分无统计学差异（P>0.05）;(3)有自杀意念组患者的生存和应对信念、对子女的考虑、对社会排斥的恐惧、道德反对因子评分和总分显著低于无自杀意念组患者,有统计学差异（P<0.05）;(4) Logistic回归分析结果显示：生存和应对信念是自杀意念的保护性因素。结论 在临床中可以尝试通过帮助患者寻找生存和应对信念,找到生活的意义,来应对绝望的感觉,从而对自杀进行干预。     

不同家庭类型抑郁症患者自杀意念的差异性研究

目的探讨不同家庭类型的抑郁症患者自杀意念的差异性。方法采用一般情况调查表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、自杀意念自评量表(SIOSS)、家庭亲密度与适应性评定量表(FACESII-CV)对新疆自治区人民医院临床心理科住院并愿意参与研究的114例符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)的心境障碍-抑郁发作诊断标准的患者进行调查,按照FACESII-CV评分标准,分为极端型40例,中间型43例,平衡型31例。结果三种家庭自杀意念发生率明显不同,极端型家庭自杀意念发生率高于中间型和平衡型家庭,差异有统计学意义(80.0%vs.46.5%vs.48.4%,P均0.05)。三种家庭类型患者的SIOSS总评分、绝望因子、乐观因子、睡眠因子、掩饰因子评分差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01)。两两比较分析发现:极端型SIOSS总评分、绝望因子、乐观因子、睡眠因子评分高于中间型和平衡型,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01);中间型乐观因子评分高于平衡型,掩饰因子评分高于极端型,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.01);三种家庭类型的其余各因子评分差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。抑郁症患者SIOSS评分与受教育程度呈正相关,与经济状况、家庭亲密度评分、家庭适应性评分呈负相关(P均0.05)。结论极端型家庭抑郁症患者的绝望感更强、乐观性更差、睡眠更差、自杀风险更高;受教育程度越高、经济状况越差、家庭亲密度越差,抑郁症患者自杀的风险越高。     

抑郁症伴自杀意念患者前扣带回皮质喙部环路的信息时变整合研究

目的了解人类大脑功能网络时变的动态特性及前扣带回皮质喙部环路信息时变整合特征。方法本研究收集了28例抑郁症伴自杀意念患者的静息状态的功能磁共振数据,并收集30名年龄、性别和教育年限匹配的健康对照。采用以前扣带回皮质喙部为种子点的时间滑窗的功能连接方法,比较前扣带回皮质喙部环路信息时变整合异常表征。探测抑郁症伴自杀意念患者大脑rACC环路动态功能连接的变异特征。结果与健康对照相比,患者的左侧前顶叶、颞中回、颞上回、内侧额上回、缘上回和右侧中央沟盖、内侧额上回、颞中回、中央后回与喙部前扣带回的动态功能连接显著增加。进一步分析发现自杀意念分数分别与右侧中央沟盖(r=0.4869,P=0.0086)、左侧颞中回和左侧颞上回(r=0.5714,P=0.0015)的动态功能连接值呈正相关。结论本研究表明抑郁症伴自杀意念患者的前扣带回皮质喙部环路的信息时变整合的变异性增强,而稳定性降低,可能会影响情绪监控和决策。该项研究为抑郁症的病理生理机制提供了影像学证据。     

不同性别抑郁症患者自杀意念的相关危险因素比较

目的 研究抑郁症患者自杀意念相关因素的性别差异,为自杀的干预和预防提供更多的证据.方法 依据DSM-IV抑郁症诊断标准入组122例有自杀意念的抑郁症患者和129例无自杀意念的抑郁症患者,进行不同性别间各项目的比较分析.结果 男女抑郁症患者在婚姻、文化程度、职业、收入水平和生活事件、艾森克人格测验的内外倾向、神经质和掩饰性方面差异有统计学意义.结论 男性与女性抑郁症患者的自杀意念危险因素存在一定差异,健全的人格,积极的应对方式,良好的家庭环境,在自杀预防中有重要意义.     

老年女性抑郁症患者客观睡眠特征和自杀意念的相关性研究

目的 探讨老年女性抑郁症患者客观睡眠特征和自杀意念的相关性。方法 采用方便抽样法，选取2019年4月至2021年12月在安徽省精神卫生中心住院的128例老年女性抑郁症患者为研究对象。根据汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）第3个条目得分将患者分为有自杀意念组（n=81）和非自杀意念组（n=47）。采用多导睡眠监测评估患者的总睡眠时间、睡眠潜伏期、睡眠效率、快速眼动睡眠潜伏期（REML）、觉醒次数、觉醒总时间、非快速眼动睡眠在各阶段睡眠（N1、N2、N3期）时间、快速眼动睡眠期。比较两组患者的一般资料、抑郁症状严重程度和客观睡眠特征。采用二项Logistic回归分析老年女性抑郁症患者客观睡眠特征与自杀意念的关系。结果 单因素分析结果显示，两组患者的职业类别、HAMD得分、睡眠效率、总睡眠时间、觉醒总时间、觉醒次数、N1期睡眠时间、N2期睡眠时间、N3期睡眠时间、REML比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。二项Logistic回归分析显示，在控制了职业类别和抑郁症状严重程度后，睡眠效率（OR=0.857,95%CI=0.748～0.983）、总睡眠时间（OR=0.971,95%CI=0....     

氟西汀联合奥氮平治疗伴自杀意念抑郁症的效果

目的观察氟西汀联合奥氮平治疗伴自杀意念抑郁症的效果,为该疾病的治疗提供参考。方法选取2014年1月-2016年1月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院收治的70例伴自杀意念抑郁症患者,均符合《精神障碍诊断与统计手册(第4版)》(DSM-IV)抑郁症诊断标准。采用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各35例。对照组采用氟西汀治疗,研究组采用氟西汀联合奥氮平治疗,两组均治疗8周。于治疗前后进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项版(HAMD-17)和自杀意念自评量表(SIOSS)评定,采用自编不良反应记录表记录两组不良反应发生情况。结果对照组和研究组在不同时间点HAMD-17评分比较差异均有统计学意义(对照组F=204.3,P0.01,研究组F=292.6,P0.01),SIOSS评分在不同时间点比较差异均有统计学意义(对照组F=15.6,P0.01,研究组F=21.8,P0.01)。治疗第2、4、8周末,研究组HAMD-17评分均低于对照组(P均0.01),有自杀意念者的比例和SIOSS评分均低于对照组(P0.05或0.01)。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.971,P=0.325)。结论与单用氟西汀比较,氟西汀联合奥氮平治疗可能更有助于改善伴自杀意念抑郁症患者抑郁症状和自杀意念。     

精神科医生对伴有自杀意念和自杀未遂抑郁症患者的诊疗现况调查

目的 基于精神科医生视角，调查我国伴有自杀意念和自杀未遂的抑郁症患者的疾病特征、治疗现状以及目前临床诊疗中未被满足的需求。方法 本研究为横断面研究。采用便利抽样法，于2020年12月至2021年1月选取在我国24个省/直辖市的三甲综合医院或精神专科医院精神科工作的医生为研究对象。基于文献回顾和临床实践设计电子调查问卷，由专家顾问委员会审核完成问卷设计，采用该问卷收集医生的基本信息、接诊抑郁症患者的构成、接诊的伴自杀意念和自杀未遂抑郁症患者的临床特征、对伴自杀意念和自杀未遂患者的临床诊疗现况、医生与患者的临床需求和期望。本研究发放问卷317份，回收有效问卷209份，有效问卷回收率为65.9%。结果 分别有29.2%(61/209)和10.0%(21/209)的医生认为其接诊的抑郁症患者中，>50%有自杀意念和自杀未遂；而认为住院抑郁症患者>50%有自杀意念和自杀未遂的医生分别占58.4%(122/209)和16.3%(34/209)。46.9%(98/209)的医生认为有自杀意念的抑郁症患者会发展出现自杀未遂的比例在10%～30%。医生认为自杀未遂常见的风险因素包括既往自杀史...     

Effects of light therapy on suicidal ideation in patients with winter depression

BACKGROUND: Recent case reports suggest that some patients with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) may become suicidal after initial treatment with light therapy. This retrospective study sought to determine the effects of light therapy on suicidal ideation in patients with SAD. METHOD: The cases of 191 depressed patients with SAD by DSM-III-R or DSM-IV criteria treated with an open trial of morning light therapy using cool white fluorescent light boxes (2500 lux for 2 hours per day or 10,000 lux for 30 minutes per day) for 2 weeks were retrospectively analyzed. Patients had been rated before and after treatment with the expanded Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (SIGH-SAD). RESULTS: Sixty-seven percent of patients were rated as clinical responders to light therapy. There was significant improvement in the SIGH-SAD suicide item score, with 45% of patients showing a reduction in score. Only 6 patients (3%) had slight worsening of suicide scores. No patients attempted suicide or discontinued light therapy because of emergent suicidality. CONCLUSION: Light therapy relieves suicidal ideation in patients with SAD consistent with overall clinical improvement. Emergence of suicidal ideas or behaviors is very uncommon with light therapy.     

Method of assessment determines prevalence of suicidal ideation among patients with depression

BackgroundHow different ways of assessing suicidal ideation influence its prevalence, correlates and predictive validity among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) remains unclear.MethodsWithin the Vantaa Primary Care Depression Study (PC-VDS, 91 patients) and the Vantaa Depression Study (VDS, 153 psychiatric out-and 41 inpatients), suicidal ideation was assessed with the Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) item 3 and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) item 9, and by asking whether patients had seriously considered suicide during the episode. The positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) for suicide attempts during a six-month follow-up were investigated.ResultsDepending on the setting, 56–88% of patients had suicidal ideation in some of the assessments, but only 8–44% in all of them. Agreement ranged from negligible to moderate (kappa 0.06–0.64), being lowest among primary care patients. The correlates of suicidal ideation overlapped. No assessment had optimal sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV. Nevertheless, PPVs ranged up to 43%.ConclusionsWhich MDD patient is classified as having suicidal ideation depends strongly on the method of assessment, with the greatest variation likely in primary care. Differences in assessments may cause inconsistency in risk factors. Predicting suicide attempts is difficult, but not futile.     

Gender differences in psychiatric symptoms related to suicidal ideation in Japanese patients with depression

Recent figures show that more than 30,000 people suicide each year in Japan, and that many of them are considered to suffer from depression. In addition, the suicide rate among Japanese women has been shown to be higher than in other countries. However, it is not clear whether the psychiatric symptoms leading to suicide differ by gender. The authors examined gender differences in psychiatric symptoms related to suicidal ideation (SI) in Japanese patients with depression. Study subjects were 199 new patients (66 men and 133 women) who were diagnosed with a major depressive disorder. SI and psychiatric symptoms were assessed by several psychological tests using questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) with an adjustment for all relevant factors simultaneously. The stepwise method was also used for selecting variables. In univariate analysis, several psychosocial factors such as self-reproach, derealization, depressive moods, depersonalization, and anxiety traits were statistically significantly associated with SI in both men and women. However, multivariate analysis using the stepwise method distinguished gender differences. Low social/family support and depersonalization were statistically significantly associated with SI in men, while depressive moods and an anxiety state were significantly associated with SI in women. The relation between derealization and SI was statistically significant in women but not significant in men.     

Social inequalities in depression and suicidal ideation among older primary care patients

Purpose

Depression and suicide are major public health concerns, and are often unrecognized among the elderly. This study investigated social inequalities in depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among older adults.

Methods

Data come from 1,226 participants in PROSPECT (Prevention of Suicide in Primary Care Elderly: Collaborative Trial), a large primary care-based intervention trial for late-life depression. Linear and logistic regressions were used to analyze depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation over the 2-year follow-up period.

Results

Mean Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) scores were significantly higher among participants in financial strain [regression coefficient (b) = 1.78, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.67–2.89] and with annual incomes below $20,000 (b = 1.67, CI = 0.34–3.00). Financial strain was also associated with a higher risk of suicidal ideation (odds ratio = 2.35, CI = 1.38–3.98).

Conclusions

There exist marked social inequalities in depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among older adults attending primary care practices, the setting in which depression is most commonly treated. Our results justify continued efforts to understand the mechanisms generating such inequalities and to recognize and provide effective treatments for depression among high-risk populations.     

Amygdala functional connectivity in female patients with major depressive disorder with and without suicidal ideation

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a known major risk factor for suicide and is one of the most common mental disorders. Meanwhile, gender differences in suicidal behavior have long been recognized including the finding that women have higher rates of suicidal ideation and/or suicidal behavior than men. The mechanism underlying suicide ideation in female patients with MDD remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to examine possible suicidal behavior-related neural circuitry in female MDD.

Methods

In this study, 15 female participants with the first-episode MDD with suicidal ideation and 24 participants with the first-episode MDD without suicidal ideation as well as 39 female participants in a healthy control (HC) group, ranging in age from 18 to 50 years, underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The whole-brain amygdala resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) was compared among these three groups.

Results

Compared with female participants with the first-episode MDD without suicidal ideation and those in the HC group, female participants with the first-episode MDD with suicidal ideation showed a significant difference in rsFC between the amygdala and precuneus/cuneus (p?<?0.05, corrected). No significant difference in amygdala–precuneus/cuneus rsFC was observed between female patients with the first-episode MDD without suicidal ideation and the HC group (p?<?0.05, corrected).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that suicidal ideation in female patients with the first-episode MDD may be related to an abnormality in amygdala neural circuitry. The abnormality in amygdala–precuneus/cuneus functional connectivity might present the trait feature for suicide in women with the first-episode MDD. The precuneus/cuneus may be an important region related to suicide and require future study.

     

Static and dynamic connectomics differentiate between depressed patients with and without suicidal ideation

Neural circuit dysfunction underlies the biological mechanisms of suicidal ideation (SI). However, little is known about how the brain's “dynome” differentiate between depressed patients with and without SI. This study included depressed patients (n = 48) with SI, without SI (NSI), and healthy controls (HC, n = 30). All participants underwent resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We constructed dynamic and static connectomics on 200 nodes using a sliding window and full‐length time–series correlations, respectively. Specifically, the temporal variability of dynamic connectomic was quantified using the variance of topological properties across sliding window. The overall topological properties of both static and dynamic connectomics further differentiated between SI and NSI, and also predicted the severity of SI. The SI showed decreased overall topological properties of static connectomic relative to the HC. The SI exhibited increases in overall topological properties with regard to the dynamic connectomic when compared with the HC and the NSI. Importantly, combining the overall topological properties of dynamic and static connectomics yielded mean 75% accuracy (all p < .001) with mean 71% sensitivity and mean 75% specificity in differentiating between SI and NSI. Moreover, these features may predict the severity of SI (mean r = .55, all p < .05). The findings revealed that combining static and dynamic connectomics could differentiate between SI and NSI, offering new insight into the physiopathological mechanisms underlying SI. Furthermore, combining the brain's connectome and dynome may be considered a neuromarker for diagnostic and predictive models in the study of SI.     

Executive functioning in depressed patients with suicidal ideation

OBJECTIVE: Suicidal thinking has been associated with cognitive rigidity, however, not all depressed patients contemplate suicide. Therefore, we hypothesized that compared with depressed subjects without suicidal ideation, depressed individuals with suicidal ideation would display poorer performance on measures of executive functioning that involve mental flexibility. METHOD: In-patients with a current major depressive episode who had no current suicidal ideation (n=28) were compared with those who had current suicidal ideation (n=5) on measures of executive functioning and two neurocognitive tests that predominantly assess non-frontal regions. RESULTS: Compared with non-suicidal depressed patients, depressed suicidal patients performed significantly worse on several measures of executive functioning after controlling for age, IQ, severity of depression and prior suicide attempts. The two groups performed similarly on tests that predominantly assess non-frontal regions. CONCLUSION: Depressed individuals contemplating suicide have cognitive rigidity, which does not appear to be a global brain dysfunction. Suicidal mental states may result from dysfunctional executive decision-making that is associated with the frontal lobe.