上腹部手术史患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床分析

目的：探讨有上腹部手术史患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy，LC）的可行性、安全性及应用价值。方法：回顾分析300例有上腹部手术史患者行LC的临床资料，并探讨操作技巧。结果：成功完成LC290例，中转开腹10例，患者均治愈，LC成功率96．7％。结论：有上腹部手术史者行LC是安全可行的，术者需要有较高的腹腔镜操作水平及经验。     

有腹部手术史的腹腔镜胆囊切除术:附103例报告

目的：探讨有腹部手术史的病人施行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）的可行性及手术操作要点。方法：回顾性分析2003年7月至2006年6月间我院103例有腹部手术史的腹腔镜胆囊切除术病人的临床资料．其中上腹部手术史32例（A组），下腹部手术史71例（B组）。结果：本组99例完成LC术，4例中转开腹，手术成功率96．1％，无手术相关并发症。A组的平均手术时间和术后平均住院天数分别为61．4min和5．3d，较B组明显延长（42．5min和3．2d．P〈0.01）。两组的中转开腹率相比无统计学差异（6-3％vs2．8％，P〉0.05）。结论：下腹部手术史对LC手术操作影响不大，上腹部手术史不是LC的禁忌证，但增加了LC的难度。有腹部手术史施行LC手术的关键在于，选择好第一穿刺点。分离腹腔粘连建立起操作空间和安全分离松解胆囊区域的粘连使胆囊三角解剖重归清晰。     

上腹部手术史患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术的应用探讨

[摘 要] 目的 探讨既往有上腹部手术史患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）的可行性、安全性及应用价值。方法 回顾性分析扬州市中医院2010年6月至2016年6月55例有上腹部手术史患者行LC的临床资料。结果 成功完成LC 53 例,中转开腹2 例,手术时间平均（69.6±22.5）min,术中出血量平均（26.6±12.8）mL,平均住院（4.2±0.8）d。术后无胆管损伤、胆漏、腹腔出血等并发症发生,所有患者均治愈出院。结论 上腹部手术史不是LC的禁忌证,既往有上腹部手术史患者行LC是安全可行的。     

有上腹部手术史患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床分析

目的:探讨上腹部手术后患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的可行性和应用价值。方法:回顾分析我院2003年1月至2007年12月为141例有上腹部手术史患者行LC的临床资料。结果:141例中135例顺利完成手术,平均手术时间43min。2例胃肠损伤于镜下完成修补,1例术后24h发现腹膜炎开腹探查;5例因腹腔粘连严重中转开腹,全部病例均治愈。结论:有上腹部手术史患者行LC安全可行。     

多次上腹部手术后腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的　探讨多次上腹部手术后腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)的可行性及特点。　方法　连续进行 35例多次 (≥ 2次 )上腹部手术后LC。　结果　LC成功 2 1例 ,成功率 6 0 0 % (2 1 35 )。 2次上腹部手术后LC成功率 6 2 5 % (2 0 32 ) ,3次上腹部手术后LC成功率为 1 3。 14例中转开腹 ,中转率 4 0 0 % ,平均手术时间 6 8 7min ,中转率与手术时间均明显高于同期无上腹手术病史患者。无手术并发症发生。　结论　多次上腹部手术史不应成为LC的禁忌证 ,但手术难度加大 ,中转率增高 ,手术时间延长 ,对手术医师的要求较高。     

有上腹部手术史患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术临床分析

目的探讨有上腹部手术史患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）的可行性、安全性及应用价值。方法回顾分析2008年1月至2011年12月32例有上腹部手术史患者行LC的临床资料,并探讨操作技巧。结果手术均成功完成,无中转开腹,患者均治愈。结论有上腹部手术史者行LC是安全可行的,术者和持镜者需密切配合,术者需要有较高的腹腔镜操作水平及经验。     

上腹部手术后行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床分析

目的探讨上腹部手术史患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic chole-cystectomy,LC）的可行性和手术特点。方法回顾分析53例上腹部手术史患者行LC的临床资料。结果53例中成功完成LC49例,中转开腹4例,患者均治愈,LC成功率92.5%。结论有上腹部手术史者行LC是安全可行的,术前的评估、气腹的建立、穿刺孔的选择、黏连的分离应予以注意。     

多次上腹部手术后腹腔镜胆囊切除术22例分析

目的 探讨多次上腹部手术后腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)的可能性及手术方法及技巧。方法 回顾性分析22例多次(≥2)上腹部手术后LC。结果 LC成功15例,成功率68.2％(15/22)。其中2次上腹部手术后LC成功率63.6％(14/22),3次上腹部手术后LC成功率为1例。7例中转开腹,无手术并发症发生。结论 多次上腹部手术史不应成为LC的禁忌症,但手术难度大,中转开腹手术率增高。     

有腹部手术史腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床分析

目的:探讨有腹部手术史患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的手术方法及安全性。方法:回顾分析2002年1月至2008年5月我院为有腹部手术史的22例患者行LC的临床资料。结果:21例LC成功,1例发生空肠损伤中转开腹行胆囊切除+空肠修补术,无手术死亡病例。结论:有腹部手术史的LC安全可行,选择适当部位开放法建立气腹、小心分离腹腔粘连、手术医师的默契配合及丰富的腹腔镜手术经验是确保手术成功的关键。     

有腹部手术史者行电视腹腔镜胆囊切除60例报告

目的:研究有腹部手术史患者行电视腹腔镜胆囊切除术的措施和要点。方法:LC前有腹腔手术史肠粘连60例,通过切口或穿刺建立气腹,对不能暴露温氏孔和Calot三角的患者多行胆囊切除术。结果:57例安全地施行了LC,仅3例中转剖腹手术,无1例发生并发症。结论:时有腹部手术史的患者行LC安全有效,施行LC有赖于扎实的外科基本功和熟练的腹腔镜操作技术。     

Evaluation of preoperative risk factors for converting laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy

Performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) always carries the risk of having to convert from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy (LOC). Being able to identify these patients preoperatively may allow better preoperative planning and lowering operative cost. All LC and LOC were performed by the Eastern Virginia Medical School Department of Surgery retrospectively identified between January 2008 and December 2009. Preoperative risk factors identified in both groups included: age, gender, body mass index greater than 30 kg/m(2), diabetes mellitus, previous upper abdominal surgery, previous abdominal surgery, presence of pericholecystic fluid, gallbladder wall thickness greater than 3 mm, preoperative diagnosis of acute cholecystitis, and pancreatitis. Reasons for conversion in the LOC group were identified from the operative note. A total of 346 LC and LOC were identified. The LOC group had 41 identified with a conversion rate of 11.9 per cent. The LOC group was compared with 100 randomly chosen LC. Risk factors that reached statistical significance for conversion included advanced age, male gender, previous upper abdominal surgery, preoperative diagnosis of acute cholecystitis, and gallbladder wall thickness greater than 3 mm (P = 0.0009). Average operative time was higher in LOC compared with open cholecystectomy (123 minutes average vs 109 minutes average). Of the reasons for conversion, the degree of inflammation was the most common (51.2%). Preoperative risk factors that were associated with need for conversion were advanced age, male gender, previous upper abdominal surgery, preoperative diagnosis of acute cholecystitis, and pericholecystitic fluid. In patients who have all of these risk factors, we recommend starting with an open cholecystectomy. This will save operative time and overall cost.     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the elderly: increased operative complications and conversions to laparotomy

BACKGROUND: The incidence of gallstones increases with age and as the proportion of the population 65 years of age and older continues to grow, increased demand for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in the geriatric population is likely. LC has advantages over open cholecystectomy, but comparative evaluation of the procedure in elderly patients is lacking. METHODS: We performed a two-year review of patients undergoing LC at our institution. Demographic information, diagnosis, operation performed, and operative complications were recorded. Patients were placed into two groups by age: 65 years and older, and those younger than 65 years of age. Primary outcome measures were complication rate and conversions to laparotomy. RESULTS: A total of 315 patients underwent LC during the study period, of whom 59 (19%) were 65 years of age or older. The older age group experienced higher rates of conversion to an open procedure (22% vs. 2.7%, P<0.05), and operative complications (17% vs. 3.1%, P<0.05). Elderly patients also had longer operative times (108+/-55 minutes vs. 83<34 minutes, P<0.05). Acute (31% vs. 16%) and chronic (14% vs. 7.4%) cholecystitis were the operative diagnoses in a greater proportion of patients in the older age group, and elderly patients were more likely to have had prior upper abdominal surgery (8.5% vs. 1.6%, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: LC in the geriatric population carries increased risk for conversion to laparotomy and operative complications compared to LC in younger patients. This is likely due to increased acuity and chronic right upper quadrant inflammation in this population. Surgeons should bear these issues in mind in the counseling and care of these patients.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术13000例的并发症分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）的并发症及预防、处理措施.方法对13 000例LC的并发症进行回顾性分析.结果共发生并发症216例（1.66%）,其中腹腔内出血21例（0.16%）,胆管损伤11例（0.08%）,胃肠道损伤7例（0.05%）,胆漏26例（0.20%）,遗漏腹腔内肿瘤病变10例（0.08%）,胆管残留结石47例（0.36%）,腹腔感染4例（0.03%）,上消化道出血2例（0.02%）,皮下气肿32例（0.25%）,切口感染46例（0.35%）,戳孔疝1例（0.01%）,下肢深静脉血栓形成9例（0.07%）.死亡6例（0.05%）,本组无LC技术性并发症导致死亡病例.结论规范LC操作技术,遵循操作原则对于保障LC手术的安全,预防和减少并发症仍然有现实意义.     

Elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic uncomplicated gallstone disease: do the symptoms disappear?

Background

Symptomatic gallstone disease is considered an indication for cholecystectomy. A considerable proportion of patients may experience persistent symptoms after surgery. The purpose of the present study was to find out the rate of symptom persistence after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) performed for symptomatic uncomplicated gallstone disease and, in particular, to clarify whether the recurrence rate differs according to the severity of preoperative symptoms.

Methods

During a 10-year period (1992–2001), 1,101 patients underwent elective LC at Turku City Hospital for Surgery. A questionnaire concerning the intensity of preoperative symptoms, persistence of symptoms postoperatively, and overall satisfaction with the outcome of the procedure was sent to patients. A total of 677 patients [mean age (range) 59 (21–94) years; 554 (83.1 %) females] with uncomplicated gallstone disease returned the completed form.

Results

Overall, 380 (57 %) patients reported attacks of intense upper abdominal pain, and 287 (43 %) reported episodic mild abdominal symptoms as the prevailing preoperative symptom. Two hundred and forty-eight (37 %) patients continued to have abdominal symptoms after the operation. Among those with predominantly mild abdominal symptoms preoperatively, 119 (41 %) reported the persistence of symptoms after the operation, while in the group with mainly severe upper abdominal pain attacks, 129 (33 %) patients had recurrences (p = 0.052).

Conclusions

According to our data, more than one-third of patients with symptomatic uncomplicated gallstone disease experienced persistent symptoms after elective LC. Patients with mild preoperative symptoms seemed to have more recurrences than those with severe symptoms, although the difference was not statistically significant.     

开腹手术后的腹腔镜胆囊切除手术

目的 探讨有腹部手术史的病人行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的某些特点。方法 回顾分析34例有腹部手术史的患行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料。结果 34例中33例顺利完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术，仅1例中转开腹手术。结论 对有腹部手术史的病人行腹腔镜胆囊切除术是可行的，但穿刺孔选择、气腹、粘连的分离应予以注意。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术在肝硬化患者中的应用(附57例报告)

目的:探讨合并肝硬化患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的可行性与技术特点。方法:回顾分析57例合并肝硬化患者LC的临床资料。结果:成功56例,1例因术中出血,镜下止血困难中转开腹。术中无损伤。术后胆囊窝积液1例,经保守治疗8d后完全吸收。腹水增多1例,无腹腔及消化道出血、肝功能衰竭等严重并发症,患者均治愈出院。结论:肝硬化患者行LC是相对安全的,掌握手术的技术特点、注重围手术期的处理及Ch ild-push分级是成功的关键。     

Functional impairment of the abdominal wall following laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy

BACKGROUND: Subcostal incisions for open cholecystectomy (OC) denervate the right upper and middle abdomen. METHODS: Sensory and abdominal muscle function (Janda's muscle function test, Cybex 6000) was evaluated. Healthy volunteers (10 women, 12 men) were compared with 13 women and 12 men after OC and 11 women and 11 men after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). For computed tomography (CT) studies, a spiral scanner was used. RESULTS: Of the OC patients, 21 (95.5%) complained of dys- and anesthesias below the incision. Of the LC patients, only nine (2.4%) reported anesthesias around the port sites. Normal subjects scored significantly higher in muscle strength (p <.01). LC patients scored higher than OC patients at 10 degrees and 20 degrees trunk flexion (p <.05). Depending on the flexion angles, the men in all groups developed 30-114% more muscle power than the women. Denervation of the abdominal muscles was confirmed by CT. CONCLUSION: OC reduced skin sensitivity and abdominal muscle function. Although the procedure is minimally invasive, LC also causes sensory and functional losses, albeit minor ones.     

The contribution of acute cholecystitis, obesity, and previous abdominal surgery on the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of acute cholecystitis (AC), obesity, and previous abdominal surgery on laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) outcomes. Records of 1940 patients undergoing LC in 1992 and 2004 were reviewed in order to assess the independent and joint effects of the above risk factors on conversion, morbidity, operation time, and hospital stay. In multivariate regression analysis, adjusting for sex and age, AC alone and in combination with obesity or previous abdominal surgery increased the risk of conversion and complications and was associated with prolonged operation time and hospital stay compared with the patients without any of the risk factors (reference group). The independent and joint effects of obesity and previous abdominal surgery were significant only on operation time. On the contrary, previous upper abdominal surgery alone and in combination with AC was associated with 3- and 17-fold relative odds of conversion, respectively. The combined presence of AC, obesity, and previous abdominal surgery yielded an odds ratio for conversion of 7.5 and for complications of 10.7, as well as a longer operation time and hospital stay. The presence of previous upper abdominal surgery with AC and obesity had a substantial effect on conversion, with an odds ratio of 87.1 compared with the reference group. LC is safe in patients with AC, previous abdominal surgery, or obesity. However, the presence of inflammation alone or in combination with obesity and/or previous (especially upper) abdominal surgery is the main factor that influences the adverse outcomes of LC.     

Retained abdominal gallstones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

BACKGROUND: Although gallbladder perforation with spillage of bile and gallstones is quite common, the approach to retained gallstones in the abdomen still is controversial. METHODS: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) was performed on 580 patients with gallstones. In 101 (17%) patients, gallbladder perforations occurred during surgery, and in 43 (7%) patients, stone(s) were spilled into the peritoneal cavity. In 24 (4%) patients, gallstone(s) were not cleared entirely from the peritoneal cavity. These patients were invited to return for physical examination and biochemical tests. To investigate the retained abdominal gallstone(s) computed tomography was performed. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients were investigated. After a median follow-up period of 121 months, retained abdominal gallstone(s) were shown in 2 patients by computed tomography. Biochemical tests were normal except in 1 patient with chronic hepatitis. All of the patients were happy with their surgical results. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed no harm caused by retained abdominal gallstone(s) during LC after long-term follow-up evaluation.