从痰论治结直肠癌癌前病变探析——魏品康教授临证经验撷英

"痰"是结直肠癌癌前病变的主要病理产物和致病因素,痰邪蕴久导致肠毒积聚是结直肠癌癌前病变的主要病机;痰湿壅盛、蕴结肠腑是结直肠癌癌前病变的主要证型,临床治疗当以"消痰通腑"为基本原则。     

晚期胃癌病机探析

中医认为,晚期胃癌病机以脾胃虚寒,气血亏虚为主。由于现代治疗手段的介入,现代晚期胃癌的病机较之古代文献记载胃热伤阴、湿热蕴毒增多,脾肾阳虚减少。但脾胃虚弱,气血亏虚仍然是晚期胃癌的主要病机。同时在临床实践中应当重视晚期胃癌正气亏损与邪积毒蕴二者的辨证关系。     

略论克罗恩病的中医认识

克罗恩病症情复杂,病因涉及饮食、禀赋、外邪、烟毒、药毒及他病影响等;病机包括邪伤机体,蕴而化热,酿生毒邪,搏结痰瘀,损伤脾胃,正气亏损等;治疗方法主要为清肠化湿、化痰祛瘀、解毒扶正等。     

从"风毒入络"论中晚期肺癌远端转移病机

从病程、病情、病性、病势、病状来看,中晚期肺癌远端转移,符合风邪致病的善行数变,以及癌毒暴戾多变的特性,属于内风挟携癌毒,化生风毒所致。风毒指具有风邪及毒邪的病邪性质、症状表现或病机特点的一类致病因素,可分为外感风毒及内生风毒,外感风毒促进肺癌的发生,而内生风毒主要参与肺癌病机演化,为病势发展的转折点。风毒主要通过络脉及三焦为转移途径,冲逆流窜髓络,引起中晚期肺癌骨脑转移,其主要病机包括:肺气阴两虚,治节失调,欲酿风毒之势。肺百脉失和,瘀毒阻络化风,是肺癌风气内动的始动病机。肝体用失和,风毒冲逆脑窍髓络,是肺癌脑转移的核心病机。肾精亏虚,作强失司,风毒流窜骨腔髓络,是肺癌骨转移的主要病机。"风毒入络"作为中晚期肺癌远端转移的核心病机,决定着中晚期肺癌患者生活质量好坏及生存周期长短,而从"风毒"及"络病"论治中晚期肺癌,为确立有效辨治法则,筛选有效治疗药物,具有一定的病因病机学理论参考意义。     

基于五行制化失调探析肺积病机及辨治

从五行制化失调理论探析肺积病机及临证辨治。肺积包括临床常见的肺结节及肺癌,肺积病变的病位主要在肺,与脾、肾、肝密切相关;主要病理因素为虚、痰、瘀、毒;病理性质为本虚标实,虚实夹杂,肺虚为本,并见脾虚或肾虚,有形实邪结聚为标;基本病机为肺虚蕴毒,制化失调,痰浊凝聚,瘀血内结;病情进展的关键病机为肺虚蕴毒,脏腑失调,湿邪夹毒,或湿邪夹癌毒,或瘀毒胶着,随气流行,循脉入络,痼结虚藏。其基本治法为攻补兼施、解毒散结、痰瘀同治。肺结节临证予分期论治;肺癌临证予益肺健脾补肾以培育根本,祛痰化瘀散结以根除痼结,行气利湿解毒以防治传舍,泻肺化饮息风以治标缓急,从而恢复五藏间协调平衡状态,防止疾病传变。从五行整体思路分析肺积病机及辨治,可资临床应用。     

张杰治疗肺癌经验

肺癌的发病首先要责之于痰热之邪长期郁滞于肺。痰邪蕴滞于肺,久而不化,则凝结成块,形成肿物,肺、脾、肾三脏同病。正虚为本,邪实为标。虚主要有气虚、阴虚、气阴两虚、阴阳两虚,邪多为毒、瘀、痰、热之邪。治宜攻补兼施,选药需病证兼顾。中晚期肺癌的治疗宗旨是扶正祛邪。痰盛者必有咳嗽、痰多等症,常选用杏仁、贝母、桔梗、天南星、半夏、百部等化痰之品;热盛者必有痰黄、咯血、口干咽燥等症,常选用黄芩、白茅根、夏枯草等清热之品;瘀着者常有胸疼、咯血等症,常选用桃仁、三七、郁金、蒲黄、茜根、血竭等化瘀之品;毒甚者必有发热、痰多而黄、咳吐脓血、口干渴等症,常选用金荞麦、白花蛇舌草、半枝莲、石见穿、夏枯草、白重楼、猫爪草、蜀羊泉、藤梨根等解毒之品。     

中医治疗支气管肺癌难症体会

肺癌发热、肺癌胸水和肺癌胸痛统称为肺癌难症,治疗棘手。中医认为,肺癌发热乃因痰热瘀互结上焦,致上焦郁闭不通,宣发肃降失常,营卫不和所致,与《伤寒论》小柴胡汤证病机相似,故可用小柴胡汤加减治疗;肺癌胸水是邪毒痰瘀结聚于(胸)肺,肺失宣肃、水停为饮。论治肺癌胸水宜着眼于整体之"虚",以不致泻肺太过,重伤正气为原则;肺癌胸痛主要原因是邪毒蕴结,气滞血瘀,不通而痛。在辨证用药的基础上,活血止痛为要。     

阴阳平衡与扶正治癌理论在癌症治疗中的应用

分析肿瘤的病因病机,提出正气虚损导致阴阳失衡、脏腑功能失调以及邪毒蕴郁是癌症发生的主要原因;在治疗上应遵循扶正培本的原则,着眼于调整人体的阴阳、气血和脏腑的平衡,以增强机体内在的抗病能力,发挥中医药治疗的优势和特长。     

胰胀中医治疗

胰胀多因胰、胆等病的长期影响,邪毒蕴胰,使胰体受损,脾失健运.以反复发作的脘腹痛胀,消瘦,腹泻等为主要表现的内脏胀病类疾病.本病多见于西医学所说慢性胰腺炎.病程长,反复发作,部分病例可合并消渴.     

从脾胃论治冠心病

冠心病(冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病),出现症状或致 残、致死后果多发生在 40岁以后,男性发病早于女性.在欧 美国家常见,占人口数的二分之一至三分之一,在我国冠心 病发病率亦成增长趋势[1]. 1 病因病机 冠心病属中医"胸痹"范畴.汉·张仲景正式提出,把病 因病机归为"阳微阴弦",即上焦阳气不足,下焦阴寒极盛.宋代<太平圣惠方>又将心痛、胸痹并列"夫思虑烦多则损心, 心虚故邪乘之,邪积而不去,则时害饮食,心中愊愊如满,蕴 蕴而痛,是谓之心痛."指出该病的病因病机为脏腑虚弱,风 邪冷热之气所客,正气不足,邪气偏胜所致.     

影像组学在肺癌诊断方面的研究进展

在世界范围内,肺癌是最常见的癌症,也是癌症死亡的主要原因。肺癌早期诊断可以降低病死率。影像组学可以通过计算机软件提取影像图像中的定量特征,发掘更多肺癌的疾病信息,提高早期诊断率。综述影像组学的研究内容在肺癌早期诊断方面的应用,旨在提高对影像组学在肺癌诊断中应用的认识。     

32例煤工尘肺病并发肺癌的临床分析

目的：探讨煤工尘肺病并发肺癌的临床诊断、治疗以及转归情况。方法：选择32例煤工尘肺病并发肺癌患者,对其临床症状、检测方法、病灶情况、治疗情况等进行分析,比较煤工尘肺病合并肺癌的临床检测以及治疗情况。结果：煤工尘肺病合并肺癌患者经对症治疗后,可延长患者生存时间。结论：煤工尘肺病合并肺癌因为症状与煤工尘肺病类似,导致检测比较困难。因此,如何早期准确的对煤工尘肺病合并肺癌进行检测是治疗煤工尘肺病的关键。     

海南省九个农场橡胶工人死因回顾性调查

目的探讨引起海南橡胶工人死亡的主要疾病及其影响因素,为橡胶行业职业防护提供依据。方法本文对海南省橡胶行业2005～2010年海南9个橡胶厂工作时间满1年的在册职工采用流行病学回顾性队列研究方法进行调查。结果 6年间橡胶工人的前4位死因依次为恶性肿瘤（25.61%）、脑血管疾病（23.16%）、呼吸系疾病（19.33%）、心血管疾病（14.57%）;男性前4位的恶性肿瘤为：肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠癌;女性前4位的恶性肿瘤为：乳腺癌、肺癌、肝癌、胃癌。结论橡胶行业恶性肿瘤死亡有高发的趋势。     

Establishing of the Transplanted Animal Models for Human Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide.Even with the applications of excision,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,and gene therapy,the 5 year survival rate is only 15% in the USA.Clinically relevant laboratory animal models of the disease could greatly facilitate understanding of the pathogenesis of lung cancer,its progression,invasion and metastasis.Transplanted lung cancer models are of special interest and are widely used today.Such models are essential tools in accelerating development of new therapies for lung cancer.In this communication we will present a brief overview of the hosts,sites and pathways used to establish transplanted animal lung tumor models.     

小细胞肺癌相关性免疫治疗研究进展

随着现代科学的快速发展,肺癌的患病率和发病率正在逐年提高,并成为全世界范围内主要死亡原因之一。目前肺癌是全球范围内恶性肿瘤最常见的疾病。小细胞肺癌是一种侵袭性、致命性,死亡率、恶性度极高的疾病,生存期短,一般主要以化疗及放疗为治疗手段,但预后不良。通过对小细胞肺癌的病因、机制,以及相关性免疫治疗研究进行综述,发现免疫治疗的优势,为临床提供应用前景,进一步开辟了治疗新领域。     

非小细胞肺癌外科治疗现状和进展

肺癌是对人类健康危害最大的恶性肿瘤之一,其死亡率居恶性肿瘤死亡率之首位。肺癌的外科治疗已有70余年历史,手术技术日臻成熟,已出现了以视频辅助胸腔镜为代表的微创胸外科技术,但肺癌外科治疗疗效并无明显提高。近年来,数个大型Ⅲ期前瞻性随机对照临床研究证实,辅助化疗可显著延长肺癌手术后生存期。正确地手术前分期,严格掌握肺癌手术适应证,降低手术创伤,规范肺癌根治性手术,减少围手术期合并症和坚持以循证医学为基础的个性化综合治疗是提高肺癌外科治疗结果的正确方向。     

Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations detected in tumors from Chinese “never smokers” with lung adenocarcinoma

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancerrelated death in the world as well as in China. It is estimated that approximately 429 000 Chinese individuals may die from lung cancer in 2005, and the mortality rate for lung cancer will double in the next century.^1 Currently, chemotherapy is the a main treatment of advanced and recurrent lungcancer. However,     

Lung cancer in Australia

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death of cancer in Australian men and the third leading cause in Australian women. Efforts are being made to reduce the incidence of this disease by smoking-cessation programmes and improved industrial hygiene, and these measures need to be encouraged strongly by all sectors of the community. On a population basis, insufficient evidence is available to justify screening procedures for the early detection of lung cancer in "at-risk" groups. Cure is possible by surgical resection in early cases. Improvements in therapeutic results with traditional cancer treatments largely have reached a plateau, but a number of newer therapies, and combinations of standard therapies, currently are being evaluated. Of particular interest is concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy in localized non-small-cell lung cancer; laser "debulking" in conjunction with radiotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer, and biological response-modifying agents in non-small-cell and small-cell lung cancer. It is important that data be collected adequately to define epidemiological changes and to evaluate treatment results (including repeat bronchoscopy, to assess local control of tumour), and that the quality of life is recorded and reported in the evaluation process. Finally, phase-III studies in lung-cancer treatments require adequate numbers of subjects to enable meaningful conclusions to be achieve objectives within a reasonable study period.     

Age trends of lung cancer stage at diagnosis. Implications for lung cancer screening in the elderly

Lung cancer increases in incidence with increasing age and is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. While mass screening for lung cancer is not indicated, selective screening of high-risk target groups may be beneficial. We tested the hypothesis that lung cancer is initially seen at a less advanced stage with increasing age using incidence cases (N = 22,874) from the Centralized Cancer Patient Data System. The percent of lung cancer patients with local stage disease increased from 15.3% of those aged 54 years or younger, to 19.2% of those aged 55 to 64 years, to 21.9% of those aged 65 to 74 years, and to 25.4% of those aged 75 years or older. The percent with distant stage decreased from 48.7%, to 44.5%, to 40.3%, and to 36.7% for the same age groups, respectively. These age-stage trends persisted in subgroup analysis by sex, race, and histological subtype. Furthermore, analysis of 6332 patients who underwent surgical staging showed a greater likelihood of local stage disease with increasing age. Thus, compared with the young, the group aged 65 years or older is at a greater risk for lung cancer and has a higher proportion of lung cancer initially seen at local stage. The efficacy of selective screening for lung cancer in this target group warrants additional study.     

长链非编码RNA与肺癌的关系研究进展

长链非编码RNA是一类长度大于200个核苷酸、因缺少有意义的开放阅读框而不具有编码蛋白功能的非编码RNA分子。近年来的研究表明,长链非编码RNA在肿瘤的发生、发展过程中起着重要的作用。本文就长链非编码RNA在肺癌中的异常表达、与肺癌发生和转移的关系、在肺癌患者早期诊断和判断预后中的意义等研究进展做一综述,为肺癌的早期诊断和治疗提供新的思路。