临床论著多节段经椎板间隙椎管扩大术治疗腰椎管狭窄症

目的:探讨多节段经椎板间隙椎管扩大术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的疗效。方法:采用潜式扩大中央椎管和神经根管或摘除椎间盘术式治疗腰椎管狭窄症共86例。其中2节段减压57例,3节段减压19例,4节段减压10例。术后进行Oswestry疗效评分与影像学观察。结果:术后CT显示椎管直径明显增加,椎管造影显示神经根管明显扩大。术后1年随访79例,疗效优良率90.1%;术后3年随访76例,优良率86.3%。结论:多节段经椎板间隙椎管扩大术操作简单,手术并发症少,中央椎管和神经根管减压充分,对腰椎后柱张力带结构破坏小,治疗腰椎管狭窄症疗效满意。     

多节段双侧开窗椎管扩大术治疗椎间盘突出并椎管狭窄

作者采用多节段双侧开窗椎管扩大术治疗椎间盘突出并椎管狭窄(包括侧隐窝狭窄),保留脊柱的脊上韧带、脊间韧带以及椎弓根等骨性结构,从而既解决了椎管狭窄(包括侧隐窝狭窄)和腰椎间盘突出,又保留了脊柱的完整性、稳定性和活动度。具有创伤小、疗效确切、恢复快等特点。     

卷帘式椎管扩大减压术治疗多节段腰椎管狭窄症

目的 探讨"卷帘式"后路椎管扩大减压术治疗多节段腰椎管狭窄症的疗效.方法 采用"卷帘式"后路椎管扩大减压手术治疗多节段腰椎管狭窄症患者35例,其中两节段狭窄28例,三节段狭窄7例.影像学显示退变性狭窄33例,发育性狭窄2例,35例患者均无腰椎不稳及滑脱.结果 35例患者均获回访,回访时间5月-6年,平均2年8个月.本组优18例,良11例,中4例,差2例,优良率为82.8%,椎板愈合率97.2%.1例因术后椎板陷入椎管进行了二次手术.结论 该手术方法椎管扩大减压彻底,恢复和保持了椎管结构特点及腰椎三柱的稳定性,疗效满意,是一种治疗多节段椎管狭窄的有效方法.     

椎板复合体后移椎管扩大成形术治疗腰椎管狭窄症

目的了解椎管扩大成形术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的效果,探讨腰椎管狭窄症的治疗方法。方法分别对15例不同类型的腰椎管狭窄症患者进行棘突、椎板及韧带复合体切除并后移固定,使椎管容积扩大,从而使神经组织充分松解,根据神经受压范围决定椎板后移个数,腰椎后部结构基本保留原有状态。结果术后随访6个月～5年,平均30个月,按日本骨科协会下腰痛JOA评分标准,术后及末次随访治疗改善率分别为84.6%及78.3%,未发现症状明显复发及椎体滑脱病例。结论椎管扩大成形术是目前治疗腰椎管狭窄症比较有效的方法,尤其在减少术后瘢痕粘连、症状复发、维持脊柱稳定性及防止脊柱退变方面优势明显。     

多节段开窗减压椎管潜行扩大治疗腰椎管狭窄症

目的：探讨腰椎管狭窄症的治疗方法。方法根据腰椎管狭窄症呈节段性特点,对病变节段行手术治疗,应用多节段开窗减压椎管潜行扩大术治疗腰椎管狭窄症１１２例,结果平均随访３８．６个月。疗效７３例,良３３例,可５例,差１例,优良率９４．６％,结论多节段开窗减压椎管潜行扩大既治疗腰椎管狭窄症又保留了脊椎的稳定性。     

椎板部分切除和椎管扩大治疗腰椎管狭窄症

作者采用椎板部分切除、黄韧带切除和椎管扩大术治疗３８例腰椎椎管狭窄症。本法根据腰椎管狭窄症的病变特点，施行病变节段有限外科手术，直接切除导致狭窄的病理因素，既可获得减压作用又能保持腰椎的稳定。平均随访１４个月，优良率为８９．５％（３４／３８）。     

椎板可回植式切除椎管扩大治疗腰椎管狭窄症

腰椎管狭窄症治疗术式的改进已有一些报道,如:椎板切除自体棘突造盖术[1],椎板后移回植椎管扩大术[2],保留完整脊柱后部结构的椎管重建术[3].自2003年以来,笔者应用椎板可回植式切除治疗腰椎管狭窄症11例,取得良好疗效,报告如下.     

多节段双侧开窗椎管扩大术治疗椎间盘突出并椎管狭窄

作采用多节段双侧开窗椎管推广术治疗椎间盘突出并椎管狭窄（包括侧隐窝狭窄），保留脊柱的脊上韧带、脊间韧带以及椎弓根管骨性结构，从而即解决了椎管狭窄（包括侧隐窝狭窄）和腰椎间盘突出，又保留了脊柱的完整性、稳定性和活动度。具有创伤小、疗效确切、恢复快等特点。     

椎管扩大成形术治疗腰椎管狭窄

目的：探讨椎管扩大成形术治疗腰椎管狭窄的效果。方法：椎板减压后复位，用棘突或髂骨植于一侧开槽处扩大椎管，并进行椎板及关节突关节植骨，对54例随访病人的手术前后临床表现及X线和CT进行比较。结果：随访6—39个月，临床优良率为81．1％。随访X线片显示椎板明显后移，CT测量与术前对比显示椎管内径扩大明显。结论：椎管扩大成形术操作简单，效果满意，术后并发症少，是治疗腰椎管狭窄的又一选择。     

棘突截骨椎管成形术治疗退行性腰椎疾病

目的采用棘突截骨椎管成形术治疗退行性腰椎疾病,术后进行临床与影像学评估。方法术式为后正中切口,显露一侧椎板后在棘突基底部截骨,并将棘突-韧带-骶棘肌推离对侧椎板,完成全椎板显露。切除椎板上、下缘和黄韧带,并潜式扩大中央椎管和神经根管或摘除椎间盘。应用此术式治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症、腰椎间盘突出合并发育性腰椎管狭窄症、腰椎间盘中央型突出钙化、腰椎黄韧带骨化患者共37例。其中单节段减压24例,两节段减压13例。术后进行Oswestry疗效评分与影像学观察。结果术后1年随访34例,疗效优良率为82.4%;术后3年随访27例,疗效优良率为81.5%。术后CT显示椎管直径明显增加,棘突截骨愈合率为87%。结论棘突截骨椎管成形术操作简单,手术并发症少,对腰椎后柱张力带结构破坏小,主椎管和侧椎管减压充分,是治疗退行性腰椎疾病疗效较为满意的一种术式。     

腰椎管潜行扩大桥式椎管成形术

传统的全椎板切除减压术治疗腰椎管狭窄症，不仅影响脊柱的稳定性，还可能并发腰椎管继发狭窄．作者采用腰椎管潜行扩大桥式椎管成形术治疗１５例，优良率为９３．４％。本术式特点：１．充分扩大椎管，包括神经根管。２．不破坏脊柱稳定性。３．保持原腰椎活动范围、４．不再形成新的压迫．     

Results of surgical treatment for lumbar canal stenosis due to degenerative spondylolisthesis: enlargement of the lumbar spinal canal

The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze clinical results and radiographic findings in patients who underwent surgical enlargement of the lumbar spinal canal combined with resection of the posterosuperior margin underneath the slipping vertebral body for the treatment of lumbar canal stenosis due to degenerative spondylolisthesis. A series of 64 patients who were observed for 3 years or more after operation were examined. The mean age at the time of operation was 64.2 years. The follow-up period was 3–17 years. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score increased from 14.9 points before operation to 25.4 points at the time of the study on average. The general improvement rate was 75.6%. The height and range of motion of the enlarged intervertebral disc were mildly to moderately decreased, and it was found there was a small effect on the adjacent intervertebral disc. On computed tomography, the total level of the enlarged region of the posterosuperior margin increased from 184.4mm² to 339.1mm² on average, but the area of the resected region was 163.3mm² and accounted for 48% of the postoperative area of the spinal canal in the posterosuperior margin. This enlargement of the spinal canal was maintained along the dural canal, and physiological morphology was established. By surgically enlarging the lumbar spinal canal combined with resecting the posterosuperior margin underneath the slipping vertebral body, concomitant repositioning or spinal fixation was unnecessary.     

选择性开窗潜行减压治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症

目的 探讨退行性腰椎管狭窄治疗的手术方式。讨论本病的病理特点和采用选择性开窗潜行减压这一术式的可行性。方法 对６３例退行性腰椎管狭窄症患者,根据其术前ＣＴ等的定位、定性、定量及术中的具体所见,针对性地选择一侧或双侧,单个或多个开窗,行潜行减压治疗,并观察其后期疗效。结果 经治疗的６３例患者,开窗潜行减压基本上达到了满意的减压效果。疗效达优２７例,占４２．８％。良３３例,占５２．４％;可３例,占４．     

腰椎管狭窄并腰椎不稳的手术治疗

腰痛是困扰人类的常见病和多发病,经统计分析,在西方国家约有50%～80%的成人患有腰痛,其中1/4需要就诊。腰椎管狭窄和腰椎不稳症是脊柱外科引起腰痛的常见原因,随着对腰痛的研究,腰椎不稳的研究已越来越受到重视。腰椎管狭窄合并腰椎不稳的功能重建和维持腰椎的稳定性越来越受到重视。选择2000年2月至2006年10月腰椎管狭窄并腰椎不稳手术治疗患者158例进行回顾性研究，     

Spinal canal enlargement procedure by restorative laminoplasty for the treatment of lumbar canal stenosis.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Multilevel fenestration or laminectomy is generally performed to treat the patient with lumbar canal stenosis (LCS). However, in patients requiring laminectomy, little attention has been paid to the later development of lumbar pain possibly caused by a removal of the posterior elements of the spine. In general, spinal instrumentation and fusion has been generally performed when laminectomy might cause severe postoperative spinal instability. Surgical methods where osteotomized vertebral arches are repositioned rather than removed have long been performed. However, they have never become widespread, possibly because of the complicated surgical procedures and poor postoperative arch stability, which leads to a long period of postoperative immobilization. PURPOSE: The purpose of the present report was to introduce our surgical procedures of spinal canal enlargement using restorative laminoplasty and to report the results. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: This retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical results in 33 patients with lumbar canal stenosis who had been treated by our surgical procedures of spinal canal enlargement using restorative laminoplasty. PATIENT SAMPLE: Subjects were 33 patients followed for at least 2 years after surgery. Meyerding Grade I degenerative spondylolisthesis was found in 10 patients, and degenerative scoliosis of more than 5 degrees was seen in 20 patients. Nine patients demonstrated both degenerative spondylolisthesis and degenerative scoliosis. OUTCOME MEASURES: Using the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scoring system, lumbago, sciatica, leg numbness, muscle strength and gait were quantified before surgery, 1 year after surgery and at final examination (at least 2 years after surgery) to calculate improvement rates. Furthermore, correlations to age, gender, disease duration, degenerative spondylolisthesis and degenerative scoliosis were statistically analyzed. METHODS: Our surgical procedures of spinal canal enlargement using restorative laminoplasty were performed for all patients. In our procedures, posterior elements were reapplied with an absorbable fixation (poli-L-lactic acid pins). No other fusion procedure was performed jointly. RESULTS: The mean number of restored vertebral arches was 2.2, and mean surgery time was 131 minutes. Mean volume bleeding during surgery was 328.0 ml. In all patients, successful bone healing was obtained at a mean of 5 months after surgery. Mean improvement rate for the total JOA score was 80.6%. Mean improvement rates for lumbago and sciatica were 70.0% and 87.7%, respectively. Mean improvement rate for leg numbness was 50.8%. Mean improvement rates for leg muscle strength and intermittent claudication were 70.0% and 98.9%, respectively. No significant correlation was found between gender and overall improvement rate, between age and overall improvement rate, between age and leg numbness or between number of restored vertebral arches and overall improvement rate. The tendency was that the longer the disease duration, the lower the overall improvement rate, and the more severe the residual numbness. No significant correlation was found between disease duration and muscle strength or lumbago.A significant correlation was not found between the presence of preoperative Grade I degenerative spondylolisthesis and overall improvement rate or lumbago. However, a significant difference in severity of lumbago existed between patients with degenerative scoliosis of 9 degrees and below and those with degenerative scoliosis of 10 degrees and above. CONCLUSIONS: Our surgical procedures of spinal canal enlargement using restorative laminoplasty produce complete decompression and anatomical reconstruction of the posterior elements, ligaments and muscles. Improvement in complaints of lumbago may be a consequence of the anatomical reconstruction of the posterior spinal elements. Overall, favorable results were obtained. The best results were obtained if surgery is performed within 2 years of the onset of LCS.