膝关节置换与关节镜治疗膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎

背景：外科治疗色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎能够最大程度的切除病变滑膜,最大限度的恢复关节功能。目的：探讨人工全膝关节置换与关节镜下滑膜切除治疗膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的膝关节功能和复发率。方法：回顾性分析中南大学湘雅医院骨科2006年12月至2011年12月收治的34例膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎行手术治疗患者,治疗后病检均为弥漫性色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎,其中24例患者行膝关节镜下滑膜切除,10例色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎患者行人工全膝关节置换,治疗后根据病情行辅助放疗。膝关节镜下滑膜切除组采用Lysholm功能评分,人工全膝关节置换组采用美国膝关节协会评分,比较两组患者治疗前后膝关节功能,随访观察比较两组间的膝关节功能恢复情况及复发率。结果与结论：34例膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎患者均获有效随访,随访时间12-66个月,平均41.3个月。统计学分析结果表明关节镜下滑膜切除组治疗后膝关节Lysholm功能评分为(86.3±10.3)分,明显高于治疗前的(55.5±13.2)分(t=3.81,P =0.016,P < 0.05)。人工全膝关节置换组美国膝关节协会评分由治疗前的(40.7±2.2)分提高到(90.2±1.1)分(t =6.27,P < 0.01);关节镜下滑膜切除组美国膝关节协会评分由治疗前的(34.2±3.9)分提高到(80.8±1.9)分 (t =16.58,P < 0.01)。证实,关节镜下滑膜切除结合辅助放疗治疗膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎可取得较好效果,人工全膝关节置换治疗晚期膝关节弥漫型色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎可较好恢复膝关节功能,且复发率较低。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程全文链接：     

32P磷酸铬胶体治疗膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎术后复发3例

色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎(pigmented villonodular synovitis,PVNS)特别是弥漫性PVNS患者,即使在关节镜下细致手术也难以彻底清除病灶,术后易复发.2005年2月至2009年3月我科门诊用32P磷酸铬胶体腔内注射治疗3例膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎术后复发患者,取得满意效果,现报告如下. 1 资料与方法 1.1 临床资料 3例患者均为男性,年龄分别为23岁、26岁和32岁.因膝关节弥漫肿胀、疼痛、关节腔积液伴偶有关节交锁等症状到当地医院就诊拍X光片未见骨性损伤,按关节滑膜炎对症治疗效果不佳,做MRI检查诊断为PVNS.2例患者行关节镜下滑膜切除术,1例患者行传统开刀手术切除.术后患者关节疼痛肿胀消失,功能恢复正常.病理诊断为PVNS.3例患者分别于术后8个月、11个月、13个月患膝关节再次疼痛肿胀,MRI检查诊断为PVNS复发.来我院门诊就诊要求核素治疗.     

全髋关节置换术治疗晚期髋关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的临床疗效

目的探讨全髋关节置换术治疗晚期髋关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的临床疗效。方法对2000年1月至2015年3月经病理检查证实的34例晚期髋关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎患者实施病变滑膜切除术联合人工全髋关节置换术,术前均行骨盆X射线片、CT及MRI检查,手术前后行Harris髋关节功能评分,术后进行系统的康复训练,定期复查髋关节X射线片。结果 34例均获随访,随访时间1.5~7年,平均5.2年,术后假体位置良好并获得了满意的关节活动度。术前髋关节功能Harris评分为(45.0±6.4)分,术后1年髋关节功能Harris评分为(90.2±3.2)分,差异具有统计学意义(t=0.468,P0.05)。无复发病例。结论病变滑膜切除术联合人工全髋关节置换术治疗晚期髋关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎可获得良好的临床效果,复发率低。     

外科治疗膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的有效性分析

目的探讨膝关节置换术及关节镜下滑膜切除术治疗膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的临床有效性。方法回顾性分析南京中医药大学无锡附属医院2008年6月~2015年8月手术治疗的有完整随访资料的膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎(Pigmented villonodular synovitis,PVNS)患者25例。将患者分为膝关节置换(Total knee arthroplasty,TKA)组(9例)和关节镜下滑膜切除组(16例),术后平均随访40.5月(12~96个月)。对患者术前及末次随访的关节功能进行评分。TKA组采用美国膝关节协会AKS评分(American knee score,AKS),关节镜下滑膜切除组采用Lysholm评分。结果随访期间TKA组未有患者复发,关节镜下滑膜切除组有1例复发,复发率6.25%。TKA组AKS评分膝评分部分由术前的(42.2±3.9)分提高至末次随访的(79.6±2.5)分,功能评分由术前的(52.1±3.1)分提高至末次随访的(80.4±2.1)分。关节镜下滑膜切除组Lysholm评分由术前的(52.4±4.4)分提高至末次随访的(79.9±2.5)分。差异均有统计学意义(0.01)。结论两种手术方式对膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎均有良好疗效。     

88例患者106例膝类风湿性关节炎直视下膝关节滑膜切除术后15年随访资料的研究

总结类风湿性关节炎直视下膝关节滑膜切除术长期效果的益处和不足。对88例患者106例膝类风湿性关节炎膝关节滑膜切除术后15年的随访资料进行总结和统计分析。对于HSS总分的数据经过正态性检验和方差齐性检验后,采取单因素的方差分析+SNK-q检验,在手术后10年,膝关节会发生显著的功能减退,膝关节功能减退的严重程度与时间有比较明显的联系,而到了15年几乎所有的病例都会发生严重程度不一的膝关节功能减退的症状。直视下膝关节滑膜切除术对于早中期的类风湿性关节炎膝关节滑膜炎的患者,能显著改善生活质量,并能在较长时间内维持膝关节的良好功能,而且复发率相当低。但膝关节退变是膝关节切开滑膜切除术长期治疗后的最终结局。     

关节镜下滑膜切除术治疗中早期膝关节类风湿性关节炎

类风湿性关节炎是一种常见的全身性的炎症性疾病,膝关节的类风湿性病变,以滑膜炎为关节的首发,传统的滑膜切除术以开放性手术为主,由于手术切口大,且存在对关节后间隙滑膜切除难以彻底等不足,自2003年9月至2005年9月,我院采用关节镜下滑膜切除术治疗中早期膝关节类风湿性关节炎18例,效果满意,现报告如下。1资料与方法1.1临床资料本组病例18例共19膝,男13例,女5例,病程6月至3年,平均1年。术前患膝肿胀、疼痛,活动明显受限的17例,18膝为诊断明确的类风湿关节炎患者,有持续或反复发作的关节肿胀、积液,其中3例膝关节存在游离体,以上患者经内科6…     

低场强四肢关节MRI对膝关节滑膜病变的诊断

目的分析膝关节滑膜病变的MR表现,探讨低场四肢关节MRI的诊断。方法收集本院经关节镜手术及病理检查证实的66例膝关节滑膜病变患者的低场强四肢关节MRI检查资料,主要观察分析滑膜增厚的程度、范围,骨与软骨改变,关节积液程度,并与关节镜对照分析。结果低场强MRI能够显示滑膜增厚的分布、信号特点、软骨及骨质改变及邻近周围软组织结构受累程度具有一定的差异性,MRI表现与关节镜表现一致。结论感染性滑膜炎、原发性滑膜炎与继发性滑膜炎MRI表现有一定特点,在膝关节滑膜病变的诊断中有价值。     

关节置换与关节镜下清理术后膝骨性关节炎患者尿液EKGPDP小肽与关节软骨退变的相关性

背景:目前诊断骨性关节炎的手段主要有影像学和关节镜检查,但都存在一定的局限性。寻找一种特异性、敏感性、诊断率高,可操作性强的诊断方式是目前急需解决的问题。目的:探讨膝骨性关节炎患者尿液中EKGPDP小肽水平与关节软骨病变严重程度之间的关系。方法:纳入2006-01/2008-04在广东医学院附属深圳福田医院骨关节外科行关节镜下关节清理术治疗患者45例,膝关节置换术患者15例。纳入同一时期性别年龄相匹配的40名健康志愿者为对照组。采用竞争性ELISA法检测受试者尿液中EKGPDP小肽水平并于半年后复查,以Ayral关节镜膝滑膜炎评分法和Outerbridge软骨损伤评分法评估膝骨性关节炎患者滑膜和关节软骨的病理变化程度。结果与结论:膝骨性关节炎患者EKGPDP小肽水平明显高于健康人(P0.001)。膝骨性关节炎患者的EKGPDP小肽水平与Outerbridge软骨损伤评分、体质量指数正相关;与Ayral膝滑膜炎评分无相关性(P0.05)。全膝关节置换术者半年后EKGPDP小肽水平,较置换前明显下降(P0.05),关节镜清理术患者EKGPDP小肽水平变化不明显(P0.05)。说明膝骨性关节炎患者尿液中EKGPDP小肽水平可以反映膝关节软骨损伤程度,可为膝骨性关节炎的临床诊断提供依据。     

类风湿性关节炎患者关节滑膜组织蛋白质组学

背景：已有研究表明滑膜炎持久反复发作,最终导致关节内软骨和骨的破坏,国内关于类风湿性关节炎滑膜组织的蛋白质组学研究报道较少。 目的：通过比较类风湿性关节炎患者和无关节滑膜损伤患者滑膜组织蛋白质表达的差异,探讨类风湿性关节炎可能的发病机制,寻找类风湿性关节炎致病相关蛋白。 方法：选取6例无关节滑膜损伤患者及6例活动期类风湿性关节炎患者行关节镜手术得到的滑膜组织,提取总蛋白质后进行双向凝胶电泳,考马斯亮蓝染色,PDQUEST软件分析,对差异蛋白质点采用基质辅助激光解析电离质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)技术进行鉴定,并用Mascot软件在SwissProt和NCBInr数据库中进行同源比较和分析鉴定。 结果与结论：建立了类风湿性关节炎组及对照组滑膜组织双向凝胶电泳图谱,获得130个差异在2倍以上的蛋白质点数,选取其中分辨清楚的39个点进行鉴定,初步鉴定出29个蛋白质,其中21个蛋白质点在类风湿性关节炎组中表达上调,8个表达下调,其功能涉及功能代谢、细胞信号传导、抗氧化、分子伴侣等。结果表明类风湿关节炎滑膜病变是一个多种蛋白质参与的复杂过程,这些表达差异蛋白质可能是类风湿性关节炎发病的内在因素。     

相关转录组分析鉴定色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的潜在生物标志物

背景：色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎是一种罕见的滑膜炎性病变,早期诊断缺乏相关生物标志物,m RNA已被证实参与了疾病的发生发展,但其作用机制尚不清楚。目的：通过生物信息学及相关转录组分析鉴定色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的潜在生物标志物和发病机制,以用于疾病鉴别诊断。方法：通过GEO数据库检索与色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎相关的滑膜组织微阵列数据集,并用Network Analyst分析鉴定差异表达基因(P <0.05)。使用疾病数据库检索与色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎相关的基因,并与差异表达m RNA取交集得到最终差异表达基因。利用Bio GPS对特异性基因进行组织/器官定位。通过STRING数据库构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络,KOBAS 3.0和GSEA 4.1.0对差异表达基因进行富集分析,并运用多重计算方法鉴定核心基因。利用Cytoscape构建竞争性内源性RNA(Ce RNA)网络。GEO数据集验证了具有较高诊断价值的生物标志物。此外,通过Xcell网站分析64种免疫细胞和基质细胞的浓度,并计算丰度分数。结果与结论：在GSE175626数据集中共鉴别出2 546个差异表达基因,包括2 ...     

Angiography in the differential diagnosis of mono-oligo-arthritides in children and adults]

The results of the use of angiography in the diagnosis of chronic mono-oligoarthritides are summarized. The author provides the data on 113 patients aged 2 to 50 years, in whom the diagnosis was confirmed histologically. Describes the angiographic appearance of synovial sarcoma, pigmented villonodular synovitis, juvenile chronic arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculous gonitis, chondromatosis, chondroblastomas, post-traumatic synovitis, hemangiomas, and reactive synovitis in the articular form of osteoid osteoma. The use of angiography improved the radiodiagnosis of mono-oligoarthritides by 45.8%. The conclusion is made that in accordance with indications, angiography may be used as a modality in the system of all-round examination of patients suffering from chronic mono-oligoarthritides.     

Rapidly destruction of the hip joint associated with enlarged iliopsoas bursa in a patient with refractory rheumatoid arthritis

A case of refractory rheumatoid arthritis with a rapid destruction of the hip joint and an enlarged iliopsoas bursa is presented. Rapidly destructive coxarthrosis, chondrocalcinosis, suppurative arthritis, and pigmented villonodular synovitis were the differential diagnoses. Radiological examination showed that rheumatoid arthritis was most likely diagnosis. The patient was treated with total hip arthroplasty and etanercept, with good results.     

Two-stage TKA for tuberculosis septic arthritis of the knee masquerading as pigmented villonodular synovitis: A case report

A 25-year-old female presented with left knee pain following arthroscopic synovectomy for presumed pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS). Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated tricompartmental arthritic changes. She underwent a two-stage procedure first involving antibiotic spacer implantation, followed 1 week later by spacer removal and definitive total knee arthroplasty (TKA) once initial intraoperative culture results were negative. Subsequent cultures confirmed tuberculosis septic arthritis. Repeat evaluation 1 year postoperatively showed no complications and patient satisfaction with left knee function. This is a unique case report in the United States describing 1-year outcomes following staged TKA for tuberculosis septic arthritis masquerading as PVNS.     

关节镜下病灶清除治疗膝关节结核性滑膜炎

目的探讨关节镜下病灶清除治疗膝关节结核性滑膜炎的疗效。方法 89例膝关节结核性滑膜炎患者,采用关节镜活检和病变清除,通过12～36个月的随访,观察治疗效果。结果 89例随访患者,术前Lysholm膝关节功能评分为（48.2±3.2）分,术后随访Lysholm膝关节功能评分为（92.0±3.7）分,术前JOA膝关节功能评分为（43.4±3.6）分,术后随访JOA膝关节功能评分为（89.3±1.6）分。结论关节镜下病灶清除术治疗膝关节结核性滑膜炎是一种有效的治疗方法。     

Patello-femoral joint pain due to unusual location of localised pigmented villonodular synovitis-a case report

Localised pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare condition usually affecting the knee. It can be a difficult condition to manage with an average delay in diagnosis of 4.4 years. We describe a case of a localised PVNS lesion interposed between the patello-femoral joint, presenting as 'anterior knee pain'. To our knowledge this has not previously been reported. The lesion was completely excised at arthroscopy resulting in complete resolution of symptoms. Solitary lesions of PVNS should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained 'anterior knee pain'.     

Stereological analysis of the synovial membrane in rheumatic disorders: diagnostic value of volume-weighted mean nuclear volume estimation

Quantitative evaluation of nuclear size of synoviocytes was performed on 48 synovial biopsies in various rheumatic disorders: osteoarthritis (n = 10), rheumatoid arthritis (11), and chronic non-specific synovitis (14). Thirteen tissue specimens from non-inflammatory synovial membrane were included as a control group. Using the point-sampled intercepts method, unbiased stereological estimates of volume-weighted mean nuclear volume (nuclear ν_v) were obtained. A slight increase in nuclear volume was observed in osteoarthritis in comparision with the control group with an overlap in 90% of cases. However, in rheumatoid arthritis there was a significant increase of nuclear ν_v. Significant differences were found between rheumatoid arthritis and the control and osteoarthritis groups (P0.001). In biopsies from patients diagnosed as chronic non-specific synovitis the averaged nuclear ν_v values were between those in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis with a wide range of data. Similar, but less significant differences were demonstrated between rheumatic disorders when using mean nuclear area. Further analysis of chronic non-specific synovitis patients in combination with nuclear ν_v estimates as a simple, unbiased, complementary tool are required to better establish the diagnostic value of nuclear stereology in the diagnosis of rheumatic disorders.     

Tenosynovial giant cell tumor arising from the posterior cruciate ligament: a case report and literature review

The localized form of tenosynovial giant cell tumor or pigmented villonodular synovitis is rarely intraarticular in the knee. We reported a 40-year-old woman with a tenosynovial giant cell tumor arising from posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). She suffered sudden knee pain and locking without any reason for two days. A mass with a size of 1.7×0.8×0.7 cm in the fossa intercondyloidea was detected on the MRI. After one time hyperextension physical examination the patients felt sudden pain relief. During the arthroscopy examination, a loose soft tissue mass was found under the lateral meniscus. Only the synovium tissue lesion on the proximal PCL was detected. The mass had a conceivable thin pedicel and the shape matched well with the tumor bed on the PCL. The histopathology of the mass demonstrated a tenosynovial giant cell tumor. At six weeks follow-up, no clinical evidence of recurrence was noted. A Literature Review of tenosynovial giant cell tumor or pigmented villonodular synovitis arising from the PCL is present.     

Diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis of the temporomandibular joint diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology

Diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis is a rare tumor in the temporomandibular joint region. This article deals with a 32-yr-old male who suffered from pain and swelling in the right temporomandibular joint region associated with restricted mouth opening. Computed tomography showed a tumor lateral to the temporomandibular joint. Arthrography revealed a displaced temporomandibular joint disk. Fine-needle aspiration cytology showed characteristic cellular changes, including rounded or oval cells with abundant cytoplasm and intracytoplasmatic hemosiderin deposits and numerous multinucleated giant cells without nuclear atypia. A benign mesenchymal lesion suggestive for pigmented villonodular synovitis was diagnosed and later verified at histologic examination. Fine-needle aspiration cytology seems to be useful for this diagnosis.     

Extensive pigmented villonodular synovitis with markedly pigmented lymphadenopathy and its implication for differential diagnosis with malignant melanoma

A 51-year-old male presented with a 5 cm left knee mass. Fine needle aspiration revealed large epithelioid cells with prominent nucleoli and abundant cytoplasmic pigment, consistent with malignant melanoma. Left inguinal lymphadenopathy was present, which was suspicious for metastatic disease by ultrasound examination. A dark perianal skin lesion was also identified, therefore raising the possibility of a primary melanoma. The knee and perianal lesions were resected and inguinal sentinel node biopsy was performed. In the specimen from the knee, there were clusters and fascicles of spindle and epithelioid cells with prominent nucleoli. Many of the cells displayed abundant, granular, brown, cytoplasmic pigment. The lymph node showed clusters of similar cells located in the subcapsular sinus. Immunohistochemical study showed that the cells expressed CD68, but failed to express S-100, MART-1, and gp100. The cytoplasmic pigment was positive for iron staining. The final diagnosis was pigmented villonodular synovitis. This case illustrates that pigmented villonodular synovitis may present with lymphadenopathy, mimicking a malignant process, including melanoma. Immunohistochemical studies may be essential for establishing the correct diagnosis.     

Pigmented villonodular bursitis/diffuse giant cell tumor of the pes anserine bursa: a report of two cases and review of literature

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a benign but potentially aggressive lesion, characterized by synovial villonodular proliferation with hemosiderin pigmentation and stromal infiltration of histiocytes and giant cells. This consists of a common family of lesions, including localized and diffuse forms of pigmented villonodular synovitis, giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath (nodular tenosynovitis) and the very rare cases of extra-articular pigmented villonodular synovitis arising from the bursa (pigmented villonodular bursitis or diffuse giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath). The purpose of this paper is to present two rare cases of pigmented villonodular bursitis arising from the pes anserinus bursa. The various differentials along with a review of literature of similar lesions are also being discussed. However, as with other lesions, clinicoradiographic features along with close histological correlation is essential for diagnosis.