不同手术方式下老年急性胆囊炎患者血清IL-2、IL-4、 TNF-α、CRP动态水平及胃肠功能恢复时间的比较

目的 分析不同手术方式下老年急性胆囊炎患者血清炎症因子白介素-2(IL-2)、白介素-4(IL-4)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)动态水平变化及胃肠功能恢复效果.方法 回顾性选取我院2014年9月至2017年3月期间收治的98例老年急性胆囊炎患者的临床资料,根据手术方法不同分为LC组(腹腔镜胆囊切除术,n=50)和OC组(开腹胆囊切除术,n =48),两组麻醉、术后处理一致.分别于术前24h与术后3d、7d动态监测相关炎症因子水平,并评估术后胃肠功能恢复情况.结果 两组术前各项炎症因子水平比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后3d、7d IL-4水平依次显著降低,而术后3d IL-2、TNF-α、CRP水平依次显著升高(P＜0.05),均显著高于或低于正常范围;术后7d IL-2、TNF-α、CRP水平均明显回落(P＜0.05),但OC组术后7d IL-2、TNF-α、CRP水平仍明显高于术前,仍略高于正常范围,而LC组则明显低于术前,基本恢复至正常范围内(P＜0.05),且LC组术后3d、7d IL-4水平降低幅度明显小于OC组,术后3d IL-2、TNF-α、CRP水平升高幅度显著较OC组小,术后7d IL-2、TNF-α、CRP水平降低幅度显著较OC组大(P＜0.05).LC组术后肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、排便时间及固体食物进食时间均显著较OC组短(P＜0.05).患者术后肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、排便时间、固体食物进食时间与术后7d血清IL-2、TNF-α、CRP水平呈负相关,与IL-4水平呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论 与传统开腹手术相比,LC治疗老年急性胆囊炎可一定程度降低机体因手术操作、疾病而产生的炎症反应,促进患者术后胃肠功能恢复.     

胆囊炎开腹胆囊切除术与腹腔镜胆囊切除术疗效比较

目的 比较胆囊炎开腹胆囊切除与腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床疗效.方法 将80例急性胆囊炎患者分成腹腔镜组和开腹手术组各40例,比较两组患者的手术效果.结果 两组均顺利完成手术,腹腔镜组无中转开腹者.两组手术效果比较显示,腹腔镜组的手术时间短、术中出血量少,肛门排气时间早,住院时间短,且并发症发生率低,与开腹组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除术具有创伤性小、并发症少及住院时间短等优点,手术效果明显优于传统开腹胆囊切除术,值得临床推广.     

开腹胆囊切除术与腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗结石性胆囊炎的比较分析

目的 对开腹手术治疗结石性胆囊炎与腹腔镜胆囊切除术相关情况进行比较分析.方法 分析比较213例传统开腹手术治疗患者和362例腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗患者手术时间、术中出血量,术后疼痛时间、肛门排气时间、下床活动时间,住院天数和住院总费用及术后并发症包括胆心反射、腹腔出血、胆管损伤、感染、肠粘连等情况.结果 腹腔镜组除住院费用外,手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛时间、肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、住院天数及并发症明显优于开腹手术组.结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除术创伤小、并发症少、术后患者康复快,是治疗结石性胆囊炎较理想的手术方式.     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗结石性胆囊炎的临床对照研究

目的比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)与传统开腹胆囊切除术(OC)治疗结石性胆囊炎的疗效。方法选择150例结石性胆囊炎患者,其中男性53例,女性97例,年龄26~76岁,平均年龄51岁。其中100例行LC治疗(LC组),50例采用传统OC治疗(OC组)。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、疼痛评分[视觉模拟疼痛量表(VAS)评分]、下床活动时间、胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间、手术并发症等指标。结果手术时间LC组短于OC组[(40.50±6.21)min vs(62.35±13.52)min];术中出血量LC组少于OC组[(15.84±10.65)m L vs(68.86±15.61)m L];疼痛VAS评分LC组低于OC组[(2.26±1.10)分vs(6.03±1.83)分];下床活动时间LC组少于OC组[(13.58±6.65)h vs(24.27±10.36)h];LC组胃肠功能恢复时间[(10.05±4.96)h vs(30.86±7.33)h]及住院时间[(4.56±1.39)d vs(7.56±2.29)d]均小于OC组;差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。LC组胆管损伤1例,并发症发生率1%。OC组切口感染、肠粘连、胆管损伤及腹腔感染分别为1例、2例、2例、1例,并发症发生率12%。3例(两组)胆管损伤的部位均为胆囊,原因为部分胆囊水肿明显,胆囊壁张力过大,以致于手术时损伤胆囊。结论 LC治疗结石性胆囊炎具有微创、安全、有效等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗结石性胆囊炎的临床效果观察

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术和传统开腹术治疗结石性胆囊炎疗效及对患者免疫功能影响。方法 选取我院2013年6月~2017年6月我院收治的结石性胆囊炎患者90例,根据随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组45例。对照组采用传统开腹手术治疗,观察组采用腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗,观察两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间、术后并发症情况,并比较两组患者血清炎性因子和免疫球蛋白水平。结果 观察组患者术中出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗后,两组患者血清炎性因子水平均上升,但观察组患者CRP、IL-6、TNF-α上升程度低于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗后,两组患者免疫球蛋白水平均下降,但观察组患者IgA、IgG、IgM下降程度低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组患者术后并发症发生率为4.44%,低于对照组的15.56%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 相比于传统开腹手术,腹腔镜胆囊切除术可减少术中出血量,缩短结石性胆囊炎恢复时间和住院时间,对患者炎症反应、免疫功能影响较小,安全性较高。     

腹腔镜下急性胃十二指肠穿孔修补术对胃肠道功能的影响

目的 分析腹腔镜下急性胃十二指肠穿孔修补术对胃肠道功能的影响。方法 选择2016年5月~2019年5月在我院诊治的急性胃十二指肠穿孔患者90例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各45例。对照组采用传统开腹急性胃十二指肠穿孔修补术,观察组采用腔镜下急性胃十二指肠穿孔修补术。比较两组手术时间、术后VAS评分、肛门排气时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、胃蛋白酶（PGⅠ、PGⅡ）水平、胃肠道激素（GAS、VIP、MOT）水平以及并发症发生率。结果 观察组手术时间、术后VAS评分、肛门排气时间、肠鸣音恢复时间均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗后两组PGⅠ、PGⅡ、GAS、VIP、MOT水平均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组并发症发生率为2.22%,低于对照组的22.22%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 腹腔镜下急性胃十二指肠穿孔修补术患者创伤小,术后胃肠功能恢复快,且并发症少,利于患者的术后恢复。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗急性胆囊颈部嵌顿结石的对比研究

目的 比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)与开腹胆囊切除术(Open cholecystectomy,OC)治疗急性胆囊颈部嵌顿结石的临床效果.方法 选取2002年1月～2010年1月急性胆囊颈部嵌顿结石行手术治疗的患者102例,随机分为OC组60例,LC组42例.结果 OC组及LC组手术时间分别为(86.50±14.35)min和(100.50±22.08)min(P＞0.05);术中出血量( 82.70±17.95)ml和(49.00±13.17)ml (P< 0.05);术后引流量(122.00±31.55)ml和(82.00±22.87)ml(P< 0.05);住院时间(10.60±1.95)d和(7.00±1.24)d(P< 0.05).结论 随着手术熟练程度及手术技巧的提高,腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊颈部嵌顿结石是切实可行的.而且LC与OC相比具有创伤小、出血少、恢复快、术后住院时间短以及腹壁创口小、瘢痕小等优点.     

老年胆结石120例手术治疗临床分析

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗老年胆结石的临床疗效。方法选取我院收治的120例老年胆结石患者作为研究对象,根据手术治疗方式的不同,将其分为腹腔镜组和开腹组,各60例,开腹组行开腹胆囊切除术,腹腔镜组行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,对比两组患者的临床疗效。结果两组患者的治愈率比较,无显著性差异(P>0.05);腹腔镜组的切口长度、肛门排气时间、住院时间、手术时间,均明显比开腹组更短(P<0.05),术中出血量明显比开腹组更少(P<0.05),并发症发生率、止痛药使用率均显著低于开腹组(P<0.05),差异均具有统计学意义。结论与传统开腹手术相比,腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗老年胆结石的创伤更小、术中出血量更少、疼痛更轻、术后并发症更少、恢复更快,疗效确切,是临床治疗老年胆结石的首选术式。     

慢性萎缩性胆囊炎146例腹腔镜手术治疗分析

慢性萎缩性胆囊炎是慢性胆囊炎、胆囊结石的一种特殊类型,患者多有病史长、年龄大等特点.临床治疗以手术为主,分为开腹胆囊切除术(OC)和腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC). 然而萎缩性胆囊炎由于炎症反复发作,胆囊壁不断纤维化,增厚、变硬、体积缩小,胆囊三角解剖不清,术中易损伤肝外胆管及血管,手术难度大,曾被列为腹腔镜胆囊切除术的禁忌证[1].     

慢性萎缩性胆囊炎应用腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗的临床体会

目的分析慢性萎缩性胆囊炎应用腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床治疗效果。方法随机选取100例慢性萎缩性胆囊炎患者,按住院时间分为对照组与治疗组,每组50例。给予对照组患者开腹手术治疗,给予治疗组患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗措施。对比两组患者手术时间、出血量、术后并发症、肠功能恢复时间等。结果治疗组治疗期间的手术时间、出血量、术后并发症、肠功能恢复时间等均优于对照组,手术费用对照组。两组对比,差异显著,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术可有效降低慢性萎缩性胆囊炎患者术后并发症发生率,安全、实效,值得临床推广与应用。     

Drainage vs. non-drainage after cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: a retrospective study

Many surgeons practice prophylactic drainage after cholecystectomy without reliable evidence. This study was conducted to answer the question whether to drain or not to drain after cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis. A retrospective review of all patients who had cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis in Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia, was conducted from April 2010 to April 2012. Data were extracted from hospital case files. Preoperative data included clinical presentation, routine investigations and liver function tests. Operative data included excessive adhesions, bleeding, bile leak, and drain insertion. Complicated cases such as pericholecystic collections, mucocele and empyema were also reported. Patients who needed therapeutic drainage were excluded. Postoperative data included hospital stay, volume of drained fluid, time of drain removal, and drain site problems. The study included 103 patients allocated into two groups; group A (n  =  38) for patients with operative drain insertion and group B (n  =  65) for patients without drain insertion. The number of patients with preoperative diagnosis of acute non-complicated cholecystitis was significantly greater in group B (80%) than group A (36.8%) (P < 0.001). Operative time was significantly longer in group A. All patients who were converted from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy were in group A. Multivariate analysis revealed that hospital stay was significantly (P < 0.001) longer in patients with preoperative complications. There was no added benefit for prophylactic drain insertion after cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis in non-complicated or in complicated cases.     

结石嵌顿急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的治疗体会

目的探讨腹腔镜治疗胆囊壶腹或胆囊管结石嵌顿急性胆囊炎的手术适应证、手术技巧及并发症的防治。方法回顾性分析108例胆囊壶腹或胆囊管结石嵌顿急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的病案。结果全组腹腔镜胆囊切除术成功104例（96.3%）,中转开腹4例（3.7%）,无并发症发生,全组无死亡率。结论腹腔镜治疗急性结石性胆囊炎对有丰富的腹腔镜胆囊切除术临床经验及技术的外科医师是可行的。     

Better Treatment Strategies for Patients with Acute Cholecystitis and American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification 3 or Greater

Purpose

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the best treatment choice for acute cholecystitis. However, it still carries high conversion and mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to find out better treatment strategies for high surgical risk patients with acute cholecystitis.

Materials and Methods

Between January 2002 and June 2008, we performed percutaneous cholecystostomy instead of emergency cholecystectomy in 44 patients with acute cholecystitis and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification 3 or greater. This was performed in 31 patients as a bridge procedure before elective cholecystectomy (bridge group) and as a palliative procedure in 11 patients (palliation group).

Results

The mean age of patients was 71.6 years (range 52-86 years). The mean ASA classifications before and after percutaneous cholecystostomy were 3.3 ± 0.5 and 2.5 ± 0.6, respectively, in the bridge group, and 3.6 ± 0.7 and 3.1 ± 1.0, in the palliation group, respectively. Percutaneous cholecystostomy was technically successful in all patients. There were two deaths after percutaneous cholecystostomy in the palliation group due to underlying ischemic heart disease and multiple organ failure. Resumption of oral intake was possible 2.9 ± 1.8 days in the bridge group and 3.9 ± 3.5 days in the palliation group after percutaneous cholecystostomy. We attempted 17 laparoscopic cholecystectomies and experienced one failure due to bile duct injury (success rate: 94.1%). The postoperative course of all cholecystectomy patients was uneventful.

Conclusion

Percutaneous cholecystostomy is an effective bridge procedure before cholecystectomy in patients with acute cholecystitis and ASA classification 3 or greater.     

Extracorporeal lithotripsy in acute obstructive cholecystitis

Available is pilot experience in the use of extracorporeal shock--wave lithotripsy for acute--stage management of calculous cholecystitis running with obturation of the cystic duct in the absence of complications. Crushing of the stones resulted in elimination of the duct obturation and compression of the gallbladder in 95% of the patients, the acute episode was arrested and 50% of those treated got free of the stones. These therapeutic results are promising and evidence extracorporeal lithotripsy efficiency in acute obstructive cholecystitis.     

胆囊后三角解剖入路在急性胆囊炎腹腔镜下胆囊切除术的应用

目的　讨论胆囊后三角解剖入路在急性胆囊炎腹腔镜下胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecys- tectomy,LC）的应用。 方法　回顾性分析笔者2004年8月~2010年10月收治的217例急性胆囊炎患者全麻下行三孔法LC的临床资料。 结果　93.1%（202例）成功完成LC,4.6%（10例）中转开腹,5例术后合并胆总管结石,行ERCP取石后治愈。无胆管损伤、胆漏、出血等手术并发症。术后根据手术操作情况决定是否放置引流。术后住院2~12d,平均4.5d。193例术后随访半年无手术并发症。 结论　在急性胆囊炎的病例中采用后三角入路三孔法LC安全可行、手术成功率较高、容易掌握,可减少手术并发症,尤其适用于胆囊三角严重粘连患者,值得提倡与推广。     

Clinical presentation and outcomes of cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis in patients with diabetes - A matched pair analysis. A pilot study

PurposeThe primary aim of this study is to compare the clinical course and laboratory parameters of acute cholecystitis in patients with diabetes vs. patients without diabetes.Materials and methodsThe study involved patients who underwent emergency cholecystectomy in the Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery of University Clinical Center in Gdansk (Poland) between 2007 and 2017.There were 267 patients included in the study. The control group of 197 patients was age and sex matched at a 3:1 ratio.The following was compared between the groups: symptoms at admission, course of surgery, postoperative course, length of hospitalization, total costs of hospitalization and antibiotic therapy, other than routine perioperative prophylaxis.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the patients with and without diabetes regarding symptoms at admission. Operative and postoperative complication rates were significantly higher in the patients with diabetes. The operative time and length of hospitalization were significantly longer in the study group. The conversion rate was not higher in the study group, but classic surgery was performed significantly more often. The patients without diabetes had less pronounced symptoms with more locally advanced disease.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that patients with diabetes have a significantly more eventful course of acute cholecystitis than patients without diabetes. Patients with diabetes should therefore be qualified for cholecystectomy early in the course of acute cholecystitis.     

腹腔镜治疗急性胆囊炎112例临床分析

目的总结腹腔镜治疗急性胆囊炎的临床经验。方法回顾性分析112例腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎的临床资料。结果腹腔镜胆囊切除术治愈107例,5例病人中转开腹,全组无严重并发症发生。结论具备良好腹腔镜技术后,腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗大多数急性胆囊炎是安全可行的。     

急性胆囊炎患者血浆β-防御素-3的检测及临床意义

目的:揭示急性胆囊炎患者血浆β-防御素-3浓度的变化,探讨其与急性胆囊炎患病危险性的相关性。方法:收集急性胆囊炎患者作为胆囊炎组,共82例,其中坏疽性胆囊炎15例,非坏疽性胆囊炎67例。收集同期健康体检者作为对照组,共50例。ELISA检测血浆β-防御素-3浓度。统计分析其与急性胆囊炎患病危险性的相关性。结果:t检验显示,胆囊炎组患者血浆β-防御素-3浓度(81.4±36.9)pg/ml显著低于对照组血浆β-防御素-3浓度(154.2±28.3)pg/ml(P<0.001),坏疽性胆囊炎患者血浆β-防御素-3浓度(64.2±24.1)pg/m1显著低于非坏疽性胆囊炎患者血浆β-防御素-3浓度(94.3±29.9)pg/ml(P<0.001)。Logistic回归分析显示,血浆β-防御素-3浓度是罹患急性胆囊炎(OR=0.483,95%CI=0.298～0.709,P<0.01)和坏疽性胆囊炎(OR=0.426,95%CI=0.239～0.648 P<0.01)的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析显示,血浆β-防御素-3浓度预测罹患急性胆囊炎(曲线下面积=0.824,95%CI=0.712～0.896,P<0.001)和坏疽性胆囊炎(曲线下面积=0.836,95%CI=0.723～0.904,P<0.001)有显著预测价值。结论:急性胆囊炎患者血浆β-防御素-3水平降低,可能是急性胆囊炎的危险因素。