济南市城镇居民代谢综合征患病状况及危险因素调查

目的通过对健康体检资料的分析,了解济南市城镇居民中代谢综合征的患病状况及危险因素,为早诊断早治疗提供依据。方法对2003~2007年到山东省立医院健康查体中心查体的济南市城镇居民23 596人的体检资料进行分析。结果代谢综合征的患病率随年龄的增长呈上升趋势,各年龄组之间差异有统计学意义,并且代谢综合征增龄趋势有性别差异;代谢综合征与脂肪肝、冠心病均有密切联系,代谢综合征患者患脂肪肝、冠心病、糖尿病的危险性均增加;相关危险因素的Logistic回归分析显示年龄、BMI、收缩压、舒张压、血清总蛋白、甘油三酯、血糖等的回归系数均有统计学意义。结论代谢综合征已成为影响济南市城镇居民健康的重要的公共卫生问题,应及早筛查并发现MS的高危人群,以便进行针对性的健康干预。     

江苏省苏锡常地区成年人群代谢综合征的患病率及相关危险因素分析

目的了解江苏省苏锡常地区成年人群代谢综合征(MS)的患病率及其相关危险因素,为该地区MS的有效防治提供依据。方法应用2005年国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)颁布的MS诊断标准,采用分层整群随机抽样方法,于2009年3—11月在苏锡常地区选取≥20岁的常住人群进行问卷调查、体格检查及相关代谢指标测定。MS的影响因素分析采用Logisitic回归分析。结果 3 723人中符合MS诊断标准者751例,MS患病率为20.2%,标化患病率为14.5%。男、女MS的患病率分别为21.5%,18.3%,标化患病率分别为15.1%,13.1%,两者差异无统计学意义。MS的患病率在70岁之前有随年龄增长而上升的趋势。农村人群MS的患病率高于城市。MS的5项组分中至少具有1项组分异常的检出率高达74.3%。Logisitic回归分析结果显示年龄、文化程度、吸烟、高血压家族史、糖尿病家族史和肥胖家族史是MS患病的相关危险因素。结论苏锡常地区成年人群MS患病率较高,并且有随年龄增长上升的趋势,应尽早针对MS相关危险因素采用综合控制措施,以减少心脑血管疾病的发生。     

Dietary Patterns in Asian Indians in the United States: An Analysis of the Metabolic Syndrome and Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America Study

Dietary patterns contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Asian Indians have earlier onset, more severe, and more prevalent CVD than many other racial/ethnic groups. We aimed to characterize dietary patterns in Asian Indians living in the United States and examine associations with cardiometabolic risk factors. One hundred fifty Asian Indians, aged 45 to 84 years, without known CVD, living in the San Francisco Bay, CA, area between August 2006 and October 2007 were enrolled into the Metabolic syndrome and Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America study. A food frequency questionnaire validated in Asian Indians, fasting blood samples, and computed tomography scans were obtained for all participants. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation was used to determine prevalent dietary patterns. Linear regression analyses were performed for associations between dietary patterns and metabolic factors, adjusting initially for age and sex, then additionally for BMI, income, education, metabolic equivalent of task-minutes of exercise, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Two distinct dietary patterns were identified that we termed “Western,” and “Vegetarian.” Compared with the Western diet, the Vegetarian diet was associated with lower homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (−1.12 mmol/L×mU/L; P=0.05) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−4.77 mg/dL; P=0.09). Given that the Western and Vegetarian dietary patterns were each associated with adverse metabolic changes, healthful diet choices may help Asian Indians improve risk factors for CVD.     

男性两种腰围切点对代谢综合征患病率的影响

目的评价男性腰围90cm与85cm两种切点对人群中代谢综合征(MS)的患病率的影响。方法整群抽取柳州市社区常住居民7660人,其中男性3894人,女性3766人,平均年龄(40.5±12.2)岁。进行身高、体质量、腰围、血压、空腹血脂及血糖等指标检测,分别按国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)提出的MS定义及修正其中男性腰围切点(85cm)诊断MS并进行统计分析。结果按IDF定义,3894例男性中检出MS402例,粗患病率为10.3%;按修正了男性WC切点的定义,在同一男性人群检出MS769例,粗患病率为19.7%;男性MS粗患病率从35岁以下组的10.5%增高至65岁以上组的27.7%。降低男性WC切点后,使两性MS总患病率从8.1%增高至12.9%。结论IDF提出的MS定义中,我国男性WC切点偏大,会低估MS的患病率,不能检出很多将来发生心血管病危险的男性个体,宜从90cm修正为85cm。     

儿童青少年代谢综合征的危险因素分析

近年来,儿童青少年中代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)及相关疾病出现了发病上升的趋势,为此国内外学者开展了对儿童青少年代谢综合征危险因素的各种研究。本文就近年来对儿童肥胖、年龄、性别、种族与民族、生活方式及基因等因素与代谢综合征间关系的一些研究进行综述,以寻找之间的关联性。     

肝功能异常与代谢综合征的关系

目的研究肝功能异常与代谢综合征的关系。方法在体检人群中选择乙型肝炎表面抗原和丙型肝炎抗体阴性的3500例受检者,分别测量身高、体重、血压,检测血脂、血糖等生化指标。血清丙氨酸转氨酶〉50U/L视为肝功能异常。结果肝功能异常检出率为8.74%。超重或肥胖、高血压、高甘油三酯、高血糖和代谢综合征的患病率分别为34.97%,19.09%,35.37%,10.03%和10.09%,肝功能异常组各指标患病率均高于肝功能正常组（P〈0.05）。调整年龄和性别变量后的多因素回归分析提示,肝功能异常组患代谢综合征的危险性是肝功能正常组的3.927倍,95%CI为2.885～5.319。结论代谢综合征的主要构成组分（超重或肥胖、高甘油三酯、高血糖和高血压）与肝功能异常相关。     

Higher Intake of Dairy Is Associated with Lower Cardiometabolic Risks and Metabolic Syndrome in Asian Indians

There is conflicting evidence about the association between dairy products and cardiometabolic risk (CMR). We aimed to assess the association of total dairy intake with CMR factors and to investigate the association of unfermented and fermented dairy intake with CMR in Asian Indians who are known to have greater susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases compared to white Europeans. The study comprised 1033 Asian Indian adults with normal glucose tolerance chosen from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study (CURES). Dietary intake was assessed using a validated open-ended semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was diagnosed based on the new harmonising criteria using central obesity, dyslipidaemia [low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and increased serum triglycerides (TG)], hypertension and glucose intolerance. Increased consumption of dairy (≥5 cups per day of total, ≥4 cups per day of unfermented or ≥2 cups per day of fermented dairy) was associated with a lower risk of high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) [hazards ratio (HR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68, 0.48–0.96 for total dairy; 0.57, 0.34–0.94 for unfermented dairy; and 0.64, 0.46–0.90 for fermented dairy; p < 0.05 for all] compared to a low dairy intake (≤1.4 cups per day of total dairy; ≤1 cup per day of unfermented dairy; and ≤0.1 cup per day of fermented dairy). A total dairy intake of ≥5 cups per day was also protective against high blood pressure (BP) (HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43–0.99, p < 0.05), low HDL (HR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43–0.92, p < 0.05) and MS (HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51–0.98, p < 0.05) compared to an intake of ≤1.4 cups per day. A high unfermented dairy intake (≥4 cups per day) was also associated with a lower risk of high body mass index (BMI) (HR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.31–0.88, p < 0.05) compared to a low intake (≤1 cup per day), while a reduced risk of MS was observed with a fermented dairy intake of ≥2 cups per day (HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51–0.98, p < 0.05) compared to an intake of ≤0.1 cup per day. In summary, increased consumption of dairy was associated with a lower risk of MS and components of CMR.     

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Guatemalan School Children

Guatemala is experiencing a nutritional and lifestyle transition. While chronic malnutrition is prevalent, overweight, obesity and chronic diseases have increased substantially in the country. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the associated cardiovascular risk factors in the pre-adolescent Guatemalan population. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 302 Guatemalan children (8–13 years old) attending public and private schools in the Municipality of Chimaltenango. Demographic data and anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were collected. A blood sample was taken after an 8 h overnight fast and analyzed for glucose, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The data were analyzed to identify factors associated with metabolic syndrome and with its components. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the study population was 2.0 %. However, approximately 54 % of the children had at least one component of metabolic syndrome, while none had four or five of the components. The three most prevalent risk factors were high triglycerides (43.4 %), low HDL cholesterol (17.2 %) and obesity (12.3 %). Boys were more likely to be obese than girls and rural children were more likely to have higher triglyceride levels than urban children. Although the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is low, the fact that majority of the children already have at least one component of metabolic syndrome is cause for concern since components of metabolic syndrome can continue into adulthood and increase the risk for chronic diseases later in life. Therefore, immediate action should be taken to address the problem.     

惠州市公务员代谢综合征与生活方式的相关性探讨

目的探讨惠州市公务员代谢综合征（MS）的患病情况及与生活方式的关系。方法对4828名公务员的体重指数、腰围、血糖、血脂、血压、生活方式以及代谢综合征的患病率进行描述性分析。结果公务员代谢综合征患病率为20.5%,患病率随年龄的增长而增长（P〈0.01）,男性高于女性（P〈0.01）,有不良生活方式者患病率高于一般人群（P〈0.01）。结论惠州市公务员MS患病率较高,与不良生活方式有关,需要进行生活方式干预;健康的生活方式包括健康饮食方式、足够的运动、良好的心态、不酗酒、不抽烟、认真对待自身情况等。     

代谢综合征对原发性高血压亚临床靶器官损害的影响

目的研究代谢综合征（MS）对原发性高血压（EH）亚临床靶器官损害的影响,探讨MS与EH亚临床靶器官损害的相关性。方法 320例原发性高血压患者测定其血压、血脂、血糖等,计算体重指数（BMI）。所有患者接受超声心动图及颈动脉超声检查,计算左室质量指数,区分有无左心室肥厚。测量颈动脉中内膜厚度并测定尿白蛋白浓度。按有无MS分二组,分别以有无左室肥厚、尿微量白蛋白、颈动脉内膜-中膜增厚为因变量,以年龄、性别、血压等为自变量,进行Logistic回归分析,比较不同的代谢因素对应的不同靶器官损害。结果 MS组发生左室肥厚、尿微量白蛋白、颈动脉中内膜增厚或斑块形成的比例明显高于非MS组;多元逐步回归结果表明：腰围是导致左室肥厚的独立危险因素;空腹血糖与尿微量白蛋白独立相关;年龄、腰围是导致颈动脉中-内膜增厚的独立危险因素。结论高血压患者合并代谢综合征时,其亚临床靶器官损害的发生率及严重程度均明显增强;不同的代谢因素对应的靶器官损害亦不同。     

生命网在代谢综合征干预中的应用

目的评估代谢综合征对心血管事件的影响，探讨生命网模式干预的应用价值。方法将266例患者分为干预组和对照组，干预组运用生命网干预，观察血糖、血压、糖化血红蛋白等危险因素的转归。结果入网1、3、6个月、1a随访，血糖、血压、血脂、体质指数等经干预治疗后明显改善，具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论生命网干预是有效控制肥胖、高血糖、血脂紊乱、高血压等危险组分的治疗模式。     

教师中高尿酸血症与代谢综合征危险因素的病例对照研究

目的探讨高尿酸血症与代谢综合征的危险因素。方法采用病例-对照研究方法 ,选择教师人群中符合高尿酸血症(HUA)诊断标准的病例(Ⅰ组)60例,既符合HUA诊断标准又符合代谢综合征(MS)的病例(Ⅱ组)60例,同时选择同期体检的健康者60例作为对照,采用统一调查问卷对其进行现场调查,内容包括体检人群的一般情况、生活习惯(吸烟情况、饮酒情况、体力活动)、饮食习惯(采用食物频率法和7天膳食记录法)、家族史等情况,并进行体检和实验室检测。结果单因素Logistic回归分析结果 ,体质指数(BMI,OR=1.520,95%CI:1.295~1.783)、收缩压(SBP,OR=1.045,95%CI:1.016~1.074)、舒张压(DBP,OR=1.064,95%CI:1.020~1.111)、总胆固醇(TC,OR=4.198,95%CI:2.289~7.700)、甘油三酯(TG,OR=42.852,95%CI:11.245~163.302)、空腹血糖(FPG,OR=1.412,95%CI:1.281~1.603)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C,OR=3.017,95%CI:1.706~5.338)、饮茶(OR=3.727,95%CI:1.750~7.938)、食海鲜(OR=2.266,95%CI:1.125~2.569)及血脂异常家族史(OR=1.248,95%CI:1.116~2.532)与HUA有关联。MS不仅与以上因素相关,而且还与饮啤酒(OR=1.314,95%CI:1.137~2.722)、食蔬菜(OR=6.571,95%CI:2.942~14.680)、食水果(OR=5.035,95%CI:2.319~10.930)及高血压病史(OR=1.183,95%CI:1.084~2.400)有关。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,BMI及TG是HUA及MS共同的独立危险因素。结论高尿酸血症与代谢综合征的成分(肥胖、血脂紊乱、高血压)密切相关。     

杭州市成人代谢综合征及其各组分患病率分析

目的了解杭州市成人代谢综合征（MS）患病率。方法采用2004年中华医学会糖尿病学分会提出的“中国人代谢综合征”的诊断标准，用分层整群抽样的方法于2005年调查了杭州市20～79岁城乡常住居民1600人。结果杭州市成人代谢综合征患病率为8．68％，标化患病率6．70％，标化后城区和农村MS患病率分别为6．92％和6．31％，男女MS患病率分别为7．92％和6．02％，城乡间、男女间患病率差异无统计学意义；血脂异常、糖尿病、高血压、超重的标化患病率分别是25．19％、5．70％、23．78％、30．79％；随着年龄的增长MS及其各组分的患病率均有升高趋势，40岁组起升高显著，为30岁组的2～6倍；MS多项异常集聚率较高，无任一项异常者占40．56％。结论杭州市代谢综合征的患病率虽低于其他地区，但表现为代谢异常率较高并以中老年人群为主，故应对MS及不同组分疾病尽早采取综合防制措施。     

Coronary Artery Disease in Asian Indians: Prevalence and Risk Factors

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and provide a review of the risk factors associated with CAD in Asian Indians. SEARCH METHODS USED: The authors extensively reviewed numerous British and international studies and the more limited number of studies in India and the US. SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT FINDINGS: Asian Indians have one of the highest rates of CAD. Conventional risk factors such as high blood pressure, high serum total cholesterol level, cigarette smoking, high fat diet, and obesity consistently fail to fully explain these high rates. There appears to be a strong role of insulin resistance and abdominal obesity, both of which have a high prevalence in Asian Indians. Various dyslipidemic disorders in Asian Indians such as low levels of HDL cholesterol, elevation of triglyceride, elevation of LDL cholesterol and elevation of lipoprotein (a) may also have a role. CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesize that against a background of higher susceptibility to CAD among Asian Indians, as characterized by insulin resistance, abdominal obesity and dyslipidemic disorders, conventional risk factors for CAD are also important. A genetic predisposition to CAD is suggested by high levels of lipoprotein (a) in Asian Indians. This would suggest that more aggressive identification and modulation of all known risk factors are necessary among Asian Indians along with a compelling need for further epidemiological studies in this population. RELEVANCE TO ASIAN PACIFIC ISLANDER AMERICAN POPULATIONS: The marked differences in the rates of CAD among Asian Indians, compared with Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, other Asians and Whites are discussed. KEY WORDS: Asian Indians, coronary artery disease, epidemiology, disease prevalence, risk factors, insulin resistance, dyslipidemic disorders, triglycedide, high density lipoprotein; lipoprotein (a)     

应用国际糖尿病联盟标准分析南宁市干部人群代谢综合征患病率

目的分析南宁市干部人群按国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)建议诊断的代谢综合征(MS)及其组分的患病率和特点。方法选取参加健康体检的南宁市干部人群7756例,依据2005年IDF推荐的有关亚太人的MS标准诊断MS并进行MS组分分类。结果MS总标化患病率为9.60%,其中男8.66%,女11.38%;MS及其组分的患病率均随着年龄的增长而增高,男性在35岁以上、女性在45岁以上进入MS高发年龄,男女性65岁以上老年人MS患病率显著升高;有1种以上代谢异常占74.95%,有2种代谢异常占25.90%,有3种或3种以上代谢异常为16.31%。结论南宁市干部人群MS及其相关组分异常患病率高。     

青春发育后期男生代谢综合征及各成分流行状况

目的 了解代谢综合征及各成分在青春后期男生中流行情况,为预防和控制肥胖及代谢综合征提供依据。方法 选择北京市14-16岁男生1012名,测量身高、体重、腰围、血压、血脂、血糖。按照中国儿童青少年超重、肥胖BMI分类标准,观察不同体重组代谢综合征及各成分流行情况。结果 除血糖外,不同体重组代谢综合征各成分差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0.01）,各成分异常率肥胖组显著高于超重组和正常组（P值均〈0.01）。不同体重组各成分异常率不同,以高血压和中心型肥胖最常见。超重和肥胖组已有40%以上个体有至少1项代谢综合征成分异常,肥胖组代谢综合征检出率为14.55%。结论 BMI升高后,代谢综合征及各成份异常显著增加。应预防和控制体重,控制BMI升高。     

深圳地区部分人群2003-2005年代谢综合征患病率变化趋势分析

目的了解2003~2005年深圳地区部分人群代谢综合征患病率的变化情况,以便有针对性地进行健康教育及临床干预。方法2003~2005年对深圳地区人群进行身高、体重、空腹血糖(FPG)、葡萄糖耐量餐后2小时血糖(OGTT2hPG)、血压(HP)、血脂测定,通过体质指数(BMI),计算出代谢综合征(MS)的患病率,对代谢综合征病人进行健康教育及行为干预。结果MS患病率从2003年的10.30%下降到2004年的8.60%,2005年为3.97%;超重和肥胖患病率从2003年的23.00%下降到2004年的20.57%,2005年为9.60%;血脂异常患病率从2003年的18.00%下降到2004年的13.10%,2005年为7.95%;高血压患病率从2003年的6.1%下降到2005年的2.62%;糖尿病患病率从2003年的6.00%下降到2005年的2.81%。结论对人群实施健康教育及行为干预,提倡健康的生活方式是降低MS患病率的有效措施之一。     

河北省成人代谢综合征的流行及相关因素分析

目的 了解河北省成人代谢综合征（metabolic syndrome, MS）流行及其相关因素。方法 利用2017年7月至9月进行的以人群为基础的横断面研究数据，采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法，分析河北省成人MS流行情况，采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析MS相关危险因素。结果 共纳入6491名20Symbol~A@80岁成人，1300人患有MS，其患病率为 20.03%（标化率:16.51%），男性为 24.57%（标化率:21.86%），女性为 17.05%（标化率:13.52%），汉族人为22.48%（标化率:18.86%）和满族人为 16.38%（标化率:12.99%）。多因素logistic分析显示，高龄是MS的危险因素，女性、满族、文化程度较高者和重体力劳动者是保护因素。结论 本研究表明，河北省MS患病率较高，尤其是老年人、男性、汉族、文化程度低、轻体力活动者。该结果为MS预防和治疗的循证决策提供基本信息，以便决策者可以采用精准的公共卫生干预措施。     

Dietary Animal to Plant Protein Ratio Is Associated with Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in Participants of the AHS-2 Calibration Study

Background: Few research studies have focused on the effects of dietary protein on metabolic syndrome and its components. Our objective was to determine the relationship between the type of dietary protein intake and animal to plant (AP) protein ratio with metabolic syndrome and its components. Methods: This population-based study had a cross sectional design and conducted on 518 participants of the Adventist Health Study 2 (AHS-2) Calibration Study. Two sets of three dietary 24-h recalls were obtained six months apart. Anthropometric measures and biochemical tests were performed in clinics. Regression calibration models were used to determine the association of type of dietary protein with metabolic syndrome and its components (raised triglyceride, raised blood pressure, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), raised fasting blood glucose and increased waist circumference). Results: The likelihood of metabolic syndrome was lower in those with higher total dietary protein and animal protein intake (p = 0.02).Total protein (β = 0.004, [95%CI: 0.002, 0.007]), animal protein intake (β = 0.004, [95%CI: 0.001, 0.007]) and AP protein intake ratio (β = 0.034, [95%CI: 0.021, 0.047]) were positively associated with waist circumference. Higher AP protein ratio was related to higher fasting blood glucose (β = 0.023, [95%CI: 0.005, 0.041]). Conclusion: Our study suggests that considering a significant amount of plant protein as a part of total dietary protein has beneficial effects on cardiometabolic risk factors.     

Dietary Patterns Associated with the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Kuwaiti Adults

BackgroundKuwaiti adults have experienced a rapid increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors. Dietary patterns in the Kuwaiti diet associated with the increasingly higher CVD burden have not been adequately evaluated.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to identify the major dietary patterns in Kuwaiti adults and examine their associations with CVD risk factors.DesignThis cross-sectional study examined data from the 2008-2009 National Nutrition Survey of the State of Kuwait.Participants/settingThe study included 555 Kuwaiti adults aged ≥20 years who completed a 24-hour dietary recall.Main outcome measuresThe outcome measures included CVD risk factors such as obesity (body mass index), abdominal obesity (waist circumference), elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia (blood lipid levels), diabetes (glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels), and metabolic syndrome.Statistical analysisDietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. The associations between dietary patterns and CVD risk factors were analyzed using survey-weighted multivariable linear and logistic regression models.ResultsThree dietary patterns were identified: vegetable-rich, fast food, and refined grains/poultry. Younger adults had higher adherence to the fast-food or refined-grains/poultry dietary patterns, whereas older adults had higher adherence to the vegetable-rich dietary pattern. The fast-food dietary pattern was positively associated with body mass index (β=.94, 95% CI 0.08 to 1.79), waist circumference (β=2.05, 95% CI 0.20 to 3.90 cm), and diastolic blood pressure (β=1.62, 95% CI 0.47 to 2.77 mm Hg). The refined grains/poultry dietary pattern was positively associated with plasma glucose levels (β=1.02, 95% CI 1.002 to 1.04 mg/dL [0.056 to 0.058 mmol/L]). Individuals in the highest tertile of the fast-food or refined-grains/poultry dietary patterns had higher odds of metabolic syndrome than those in the lowest tertile.ConclusionsThe fast-food and refined grains/poultry dietary patterns were associated with high prevalence of CVD risk factors among Kuwaiti adults. The current findings underscore the need for prospective studies to further explore dietary pattern and CVD risk factor relationships among at-risk Kuwait adults.