Attempted suicide and associated health risk behaviors among Native American high school students

Suicide represents the second-leading cause of death among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth aged 15-24 years. Data from the 2001 Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Youth Risk Behavior Survey were used to examine the association between attempted suicide among high school students and unintentional injury and violence behaviors, sexual risk behaviors, tobacco use, and alcohol and other drug use. The study included students in BIA-funded high schools with 10 or more students enrolled in grades 9-12. Overall, 16% of BIA high school students attempted suicide one or more times in the 12 months preceding the survey. Females and males who attempted suicide were more likely than females and males who did not attempt suicide to engage in every risk behavior analyzed: unintentional injury and violence behaviors, sexual risk behaviors, tobacco use, and alcohol and other drug use. These data enable educators, school health professionals, and others who work with this population to better identify American Indian youth at risk for attempting suicide by recognizing the number and variety of health risk behaviors associated with attempted suicide.     

Mental Health During Pregnancy: A Study Comparing Asian, Caucasian and Native Hawaiian Women

Objective: This study examines perinatal mental health issues, ethnic differences, and comorbidity among pregnant women in Hawaii. Methods: Eighty-four participants were recruited from women, ages 18–35, seeking prenatal care on Oahu. They were interviewed at their initial prenatal visit about substance use, depression, and anxiety. Results: Sixty-one percent of women screened positive for at least one mental health issue. Thirteen percent of all pregnant women reported drinking during pregnancy with 5% reporting problem drinking, 15% reported smoking cigarettes on a regular basis, 5% of pregnant women had probable depression, and 13% of pregnant women had probable anxiety. Significant ethnic differences were found in cigarette smoking, with the highest rate among Native Hawaiian women (35%). Native Hawaiian women were also more likely to binge drink. Conclusion: Given the high rates of potential mental health issues in our sample, our findings highlight the importance of screening and treatment for mental health issues early in pregnancy in Hawaii.     

北京市中学生校园躯体暴力行为影响因素分析

目的 了解北京市不同性别中学生校园躯体暴力行为的流行状况及其影响因素.方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法抽取北京市初一到高三学生5718名,匿名填写问卷,有效问卷5660份.采用logistic回归方法进行影响因素分析.结果 北京市中学生校园躯体暴力的报告率为14.3%,男生高于女生(男生25.2%、女生5.1%).无论男女生,学校亲密度差是校园躯体暴力发生的危险因素(男生OR=1.060、女生OR=1.065);父亲初中及以下文化程度(OR=1.653)、重组/单亲家庭(OR=1.834)、低年级(初一OR=5.291、高二OR=1.526)、学习成绩较差(OR=1.470)是男生躯体暴力发生的危险因素.家庭经济状况较好(OR=0.546)、同伴关系较好(OR=0.618)、与父亲沟通容易(OR=0.756)是男生躯体暴力发生的保护因素.与母亲沟通容易(OR=0.358)是女生躯体暴力发生的保护因素.结论 校园躯体暴力的流行状况及影响因素与性别有关,应充分考虑性别差异,从个人、家庭、学校等多方面采取干预措施,预防校园躯体暴力行为的发生.     

Prevalence of health risk behaviors among Asian American/Pacific Islander high school students.

PERPOSE: To compare the prevalence of selected risk behaviors among Asian American/Pacific Islander (AAPI) students and white, black, and Hispanic high school students in the United States. METHODS: The national Youth Risk Behavior Survey conducted in 1991, 1993, 1995, and 1997 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention produced nationally representative samples of students in grades 9 through 12 in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. To generate a sufficient sample of AAPI students, data from these four surveys were combined into one dataset yielding a total sample size of 55, 734 students. RESULTS: In the month preceding the survey, AAPI students were significantly less likely than black, Hispanic, or white students to have drunk alcohol or used marijuana. AAPI students also were significantly less likely than white, black, or Hispanic students to have had sexual intercourse; however, once sexually active, AAPI students were as likely as other racial or ethnic groups to have used alcohol or drugs at last intercourse or to have used a condom at last intercourse. AAPI students were significantly less likely than white, black, or Hispanic students to have carried a weapon or fought but were as likely as any of the other groups to have attempted suicide. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial percentage of AAPI students engage in risk behaviors that can affect their current and future health. Prevention programs should address the risks faced by AAPI students using culturally sensitive strategies and materials. More studies are needed to understand the comparative prevalence of various risk behaviors among AAPI subgroups.     

Contextual factors and health risk behaviors associated with date fighting among high school students

Over 2,000 North Carolina high school students completed surveys measuring community risk and protective factors and individual health risk behaviors including dating violence perpetration and victimization. Females reported more date fighting perpetration than males (8.8% to 4.0%), as well as greater levels of date fighting victimization (7.2% and 5.0%). In multivariate models, factors associated with date fighting perpetration among females and males included riding with a drinking driver. Neighborhood organization was protective for both groups. Cigarette use, drinking and driving, and being a minority were also associated with perpetration among females, while tobacco use was associated with date fighting perpetration by males. Factors associated with victimization among both genders included riding with a drinking driver. Females were more likely to be victimized if they used marijuana, whereas males were less likely to be a victim of date fighting if they perceived their community to be "organized." Findings reflect comparable individual risk factors for date fighting across genders, with few exceptions, and warrant further investigation of the role of community assets in protecting young people from dating violence.     

溧水县高中学生健康危险行为现状调查

目的:了解南京市溧水县高中学生健康危险行为现状,为制定相关伤害的预防控制措施提供依据。方法:根据《江苏省青少年健康相关行为调查问卷》内容,对6所高中2 482名学生进行问卷调查。结果:调查中有17.1%的学生想过自杀,32.0%的学生发生过严重受伤,28.2%的学生尝试过吸烟,58.4%的学生尝试过饮酒,学生中使用过网络的达92.5%,2.9%的学生有过性行为。结论:南京市溧水县高中学生健康危险行为发生状况不容忽视,迫切需要开展各种行为干预措施。     

Current drinking and health-risk behaviors among male high school students in central Thailand

Background  

Alcohol drinking is frequently related to behavioral problems, which lead to a number of negative consequences. This study was to evaluate the characteristics of male high school students who drink, the drinking patterns among them, and the associations between current drinking and other health risk behaviors which focused on personal safety, violence-related behaviors, suicide and sexual behaviors.     

Health risk behaviors and psychosocial distress indicators in high school students

The purpose of this article was to examine the association between health risk behaviors (tobacco, alcohol, and drug use) and psychosocial distress indicators among high school students. The sample consisted of 4,210 adolescent students from public schools in Pernambuco State, Brazil. The Global School-based Student Health Survey was used to collect personal (demographic and socioeconomic) and behavioral data and to obtain measures of psychosocial distress indicators (outcome variables). Prevalence rates were observed for sadness, loneliness, suicidal ideation, sleeplessness due to worries, and suicidal planning. Self-reported prevalence rates for tobacco, alcohol, and drug use were 7.7%, 30.3%, and 6.9%. Psychosocial distress was more prevalent among girls, while health risk behaviors were more common among boys. The study concludes that drug use is directly associated with suicidal ideation and planning, and that among girls, alcohol consumption was associated with psychosocial distress.     

Tobacco use among Native Hawaiian middle school students: its prevalence, correlates and implications

Objectives. This study sought to explore whether Native Hawaiian primary ethnic identity is associated with cigarette use among Native Hawaiian middle school students. This study also explored whether social influence, psychosocial and cultural factors are associated with cigarette use in this sample.

Design. The data are from a cross-sectional survey of 1,695 Native Hawaiian middle school students at 22 public and private schools on five islands in Hawaii. A subset of these students from Native Hawaiian serving schools (N = 136) completed additional measures of Hawaiian cultural variables.

Results. Based on univariate analyses, students whose primary ethnic identification was Hawaiian were more likely to have tried smoking (p < 0.001) and to be current smokers (p < 0.05) as compared to those classified as part Hawaiian. However, these findings were no longer significant in multivariate analyses. Social influence variables (i.e. peer and parental smoking) were most influential in explaining both prior and current smoking. Attendance at public school was also an important factor in explaining previous (OR = 2.43; 95% CI = 1.74, 3.38) and current (OR = 7.20; 95% CI = 4.58, 11.32) smoking behavior. Finally, cultural variables such as valuing Hawaiian folklore, customs, activities and lifestyle were largely unassociated with smoking behavior among Native Hawaiian middle school youth.

Conclusions. Additional research is needed to understand what aspects of ethnic identity are associated with smoking behavior among Native Hawaiian youth. The strong influence of peer and parental smoking suggests the need for interventions that support the creation of social environments that discourage tobacco use.     

Factors associated with AIDS risk behaviors among high school students in an AIDS epicenter.

BACKGROUND. A greater understanding of the determinants of risky behaviors is an essential precursor to the development of successful AIDS prevention programs for adolescents. METHODS. A survey measuring AIDS-related behaviors, beliefs, and knowledge was administered to a sample of 531 10th-grade students residing in an AIDS epicenter. RESULTS. Of the 56.8% of students reporting past-year involvement in sexual intercourse, 67.3% reported unprotected intercourse with low-risk partners, 1.3% reported unprotected intercourse with high-risk partners, and 6.6% reported a past-year history of a sexually transmitted disease. Students whose friends had intercourse and never or inconsistently used condoms, who personally sanctioned intercourse involvement, who believed that the majority of their peers had intercourse, and who perceived low preventive action self-efficacy, were 5.1, 3.0, 2.1, 3.7, and 2.8 times more likely, respectively, to score in the riskier categories of an AIDS behavior index. CONCLUSIONS. These findings suggest that addressing socioenvironmental influences on risky and preventive behaviors may prove to be the most effective AIDS prevention strategy among adolescents.     

School climate, observed risky behaviors, and victimization as predictors of high school students' fear and judgments of school violence as a problem.

The primary aim of this study is to explore how school-related variables predict high school students' subjective judgements of school violence. Using a nationally representative sample (Israel) of 3,518 high school-aged youth, this study tested the hypotheses that (a) students' personal fear of attending school due to violence and (b) students' assessment of a school violence problem are best understood as separate conceptual constructs. The findings support the proposition that student fear of attending school and assessments of school violence as a problem are influenced by different types of school-related variables. Student fear of attending school due to violence was directly related to experiences of personal victimization by students and school staff. In contrast with fear, students'judgements of their schools' overall violence problem were directly associated with the variables of school climate, observed risk behaviors, and personal victimization. Implications for policy, theory, and future research are highlighted.     

Trends in sexual risk behaviors among high school students--United States, 1991-2001

Unprotected sexual intercourse places young persons at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and unintended pregnancy. Responsible sexual behavior among adolescents is one of the 10 leading health indicators of the national health objectives for 2010 (objective 25.11). To examine changes in sexual risk behavior that occurred among high school students in the United States during 1991-2001, CDC analyzed data from six national Youth Risk Behavior surveys (YRBS). This report summarizes the results of the analysis, which indicate that, during 1991-2001, the percentage of U.S. high school students who ever had sexual intercourse and the percentage who had multiple sex partners decreased. Among students who are currently sexually active, the prevalence of condom use increased, although it has leveled off since 1999. However, the percentage of these students who used alcohol or drugs before last sexual intercourse increased. Despite decreases in some sexual risk behaviors, efforts to prevent sexual risk behaviors will need to be intensified to meet the national health objective for responsible sexual behavior.     

Coping with Prostate Cancer in Asian-American,Native Hawaiian,and Caucasian Families

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed invasive cancer among men in the United States. In order to explore the coping experience of men and their families facing prostate cancer, a qualitative analysis of written responses to open-ended questions related to roles during the illness experience, closeness of relationships, and coping strategies was conducted with a sample of 100 Caucasian, Asian, and Native Hawaiian participants. Results indicate that family members and friends are essential to coping with the effects of the disease, and also that spouses, children, and friends fulfill unique and important roles in facing the illness experience.     

北京市职业高中生自杀行为特征及其影响因素分析

了解北京市职业高中生自杀行为特征的现状及其影响因素,为学校、社区以及家庭采取干预和防治措施提供理论依据.方法 2012年4-5月采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取北京市职业高中31所,共5 385名学生参与调查.研究因素包括学生人口统计学特征、故意伤害行为、情绪反应和自杀意念、自杀计划及自杀行动,并采用Logistic回归分析各因素与自杀的关系.结果 女生自杀意念(12.8%)、自杀计划(8.8%)及自杀行为报告率(4.8%)均高于男生,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);而多次自杀行为报告率男生(2.9%)高于女生(2.0%)(x2=4.02,P<0.05);年级越高的学生自杀意念、自杀计划及自杀行动报告率越低(x2值分别为21.18,9.25,11.75,P值均<0.05).单亲家庭、隔代家庭、重组家庭学生自杀意念、自杀计划及自杀行为报告率明显高于核心家庭学生(P值均<0.01).家庭人均月收入0~199元和≥5000元的学生自杀4项指标均较高,而人均月收入2000~2 999元的学生自杀4项指标的报告率均最低(分别为8.0%,5.7%,1.6%和0).Logistic分析结果显示,高一、母亲文化程度高、学习成绩差、家庭人均月收入过高或过低、单亲、重组及隔代家庭、被经常故意伤害、参与打架、常感到孤独及失眠是自杀行为及意念的危险因素.结论 青少年自杀与家庭类型、家庭人均月收入、学习成绩、故意伤害行为等因素密切相关,学校和家庭应该联合对学生自杀的影响因素进行干预,及时识别危险状况的发生,建立预防机制.     

广州市中学生性暴力发生情况及影响因素分析

了解广州市中学生性暴力发生情况,为学校和社会开展校园暴力预防工作提供依据.方法 以广州市6所中学2 590名在校中学生作为调查对象,采用自设问卷对其进行匿名调查,对可能影响性暴力施暴、受暴或两者皆有的因素进行分析.结果 广州市中学生性暴力施暴发生率为11.8%(306/2 590),男生和女生分别为15.3%(236/1 543)、6.7%(70/1 042);性暴力受暴发生率为20.4% (528/2 590),男生和女生分别为22.9%(353/1 543)、16.6%(173/1 042).单纯施暴的发生率为1.6%(41/2 590),单纯受暴的发生率为10.2%(263/2 590),施暴受暴兼有的发生率为10.2%(265/2 590).Logistic回归分析显示,在单纯施暴的学生中,饮酒(OR=2.864)、玩计算机游戏(OR=2.136)的学生更容易施暴他人;在单纯受暴的学生中,受到父母体罚(OR=2.462),初一(OR=2.462)、初二(OR=2.030)、初三(OR=1.825)年级的学生更容易受到性暴力;在施暴受暴组中,男生(OR=2.531),初一(OR=1.293)、初二(OR=1.240)、初三(OR=2.005),情绪型性格(OR=1.565)、饮酒(OR=2.534)、玩计算机游戏(OR=1.427)、受到父母体罚(OR=1.594)、母亲非民主型教养方式(OR=1.717)的学生更容易施暴受暴两者兼有.结论 广州市中学生性暴力现象不容忽视.需根据施暴受暴的不同特征,开展有针对性的干预措施预防中学生性暴力的发生.     

南京中学生健康危险行为与抑郁症状关系

目的 了解江苏省南京市中学生健康危险行为和抑郁症状分布情况,并探讨两者之间的关联。方法 采用青少年心理健康状况调查表,于2010年9-10月随机抽取南京市5所学校2 118名中学生进行问卷调查。结果 调查的2 118名中学生中,具有1、2、3项及以上健康危险行为的中学生分别为21.6%、6.0%、4.4%;抑郁症状检出率为46.0%,其中轻度、中度、重度抑郁症状检出率分别为29.4%、13.4%、3.3%;高中生、有健康危险行为的学生抑郁症状检出率均高于初中生、无健康危险行为的学生,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析显示,随着健康危险行为项数的增加,抑郁症状检出率呈上升趋势(χ_趋势²=58.9,P<0.05),调整人群归因危险度百分比(PARc%)为14.8%。结论 健康危险行为是罹患抑郁症状的危险因素,应引起学校、家庭和社会的重视。     

2010年北京市中学生伤害相关危险行为调查

目的探讨北京市顺义区中学生伤害相关危险行为流行现况,为制定有效的干预措施提供科学依据。方法按照分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取10所初中和高中的1 883名学生作为调查对象,采用问卷的方式调查与伤害有关的危险行为。结果中学生步行违规率8.2%,骑车带人和骑车双手离把发生率分别为27.2%和15.0%,攀爬屋顶或其他危险地方、在玩滚轴溜冰等时不戴保护装备的发生率分别为49.3%和30.0%,过去12个月故意伤害过自己的学生占15.2%,有自杀意念、自杀计划和尝试自杀的学生分别占12.1%、6.9%和1.6%。结论中学生伤害相关危险行为广泛存在,需要相关部门根据不同年龄、年级的学生伤害相关危险行为发生类型和特点,采取有针对性的措施,预防和控制伤害的发生。