冠状动脉搭桥术患者围术期褪黑激素的分泌节律

目的研究冠状动脉搭桥术患者围术期褪黑激素和考的松的分泌节律。方法选择11名择期在低温体外循环下行冠状动脉搭桥术的男性患者进行研究。麻醉诱导和维持采用异丙酚(3mg·kg-1·h-1)持续静脉泵注,辅以芬太尼(15μg/kg)静脉注射。在术中特定时间点、术后即刻阶段以及术后第2、3天每3h抽血1次,分别用放射免疫和酶联免疫方法测定血浆褪黑激素和考的松浓度。结果术中血浆褪黑激素低于最低测定水平,但在术后即刻阶段,血浆褪黑激素呈低水平但没有节律性变化。在术后第2～3天,10名患者血浆褪黑激素呈节律性分泌,并与外界光线强度呈负相关(r=-0.480,P=0.01)。在术后即刻阶段,血浆考的松水平显著高于麻醉诱导前水平(P<0.01)。在术后第2～3天,只有3名患者恢复了考的松的昼夜节律性分泌。结论在冠状动脉搭桥术中及术后即刻阶段,褪黑激素和考的松的分泌紊乱。     

曲马多和芬太尼用于非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术后镇痛的比较

目的 :比较曲马多、芬太尼用于非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术后病人静脉自控镇痛的镇痛效果及不良反应。方法 :36例非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术后病人 ,随机分为两组 ,每组 18例 ,A组选用曲马多 80 0 m g+咪唑安定 10mg+昂丹司琼 4 m g,用生理盐水稀释至 10 0 m l;B组选用芬太尼 1mg代替 A组配方中的曲马多。手术结束后开始镇痛 ,背景剂量 2 ml/h,PCIA量 0 .5 ml,锁定时间 15 min。术后进行视觉模拟评分 (VAS)及布氏舒适评分 (BCS) ,并观察头痛、恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、呼吸抑制等副作用。结果 :1综合镇痛质量 A组与 B组无明显差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;2恶心呕吐的发生率 A组高于 B组 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :曲马多、芬太尼 PCIA用于非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术后病人静脉自控镇痛均可取得满意的效果 ,但芬太尼较曲马多的不良反应少 ,更适合术后镇痛。     

非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术的麻醉管理

目的 探讨非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术病人的围术期管理及术后拔管。方法 择期非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术病人68例,采用并丙酚、芬太尼、维库溴铵、安氟醚等静吸复合全麻。硝酸甘油、佩尔地平、艾司洛尔、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺、多巴酚丁胺等用于调控血流动力学指标。观察术后清醒时间、拔管时间和入住重症监护室（ICU）时间。结果 所有病人的清醒时间、拔管时间和入住ICU时分别为（78±42）min、（2．5±2．0）h、（8．2±6．3）h。术毕62例病人在4h内拔管。66例预后良好,无麻醉并发症。结论 施行“快通道”心脏麻醉,有利于术后早期拔管,减少病人在ICU的监护时间。非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术麻醉管理的关键,是维持血流动力学平稳和心肌氧供与氧耗的平衡。     

冠脉搭桥术围术期心肌损伤相关指标和血小板活化研究

目的:探讨非体外循环冠脉搭桥术患者围术期心肌损伤相关指标和血小板活化的变化规律。方法:选取2011年5月～2012年6月进行体外循环冠脉搭桥术治疗的27例患者为对照组,同期进行非体外循环冠脉搭桥术治疗的27例患者为观察组,后将两组患者肝素化前、术后即刻、术后2h及12h的血清心肌损伤、心功能相关指标及血小板活化指标进行比较。结果:观察组肝素化前至术后即刻、术后2h及12h的血清心肌损伤、心功能相关指标及血小板活化指标波动幅度均小于对照组(P均<0.05),有显著性差异。结论:非体外循环冠脉搭桥术对患者围术期的心肌损伤和血小板活化指标不良影响更小。     

非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术的围术期管理

目的　探讨非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术的围术期管理。方法　回顾性分析 2 2例冠心病施行非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术的围术期管理措施。结果　 2 2例患者围术期血流动力学稳定 ,无一例改为体外循环下手术 ;平均麻醉时间( 16 0± 40 )min ;平均输血量 ( 2 5 0± 85 )ml;术后 12h平均胸液引流量 ( 118± 5 8)ml。结论　非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术的围术期管理的关键是加强监测、维持体温正常、合理使用正性肌力及血管扩张药物、维持血流动力学和内环境的稳定、防止心律失常的发生。     

非体外循环下冠脉搭桥手术的麻醉管理

目的：对32例非体外循环下冠脉搭桥术病人围术期麻醉及管理体会进行回顾性总结。方法：择期实施非体外循环下冠脉搭桥手术32例。采用咪唑安定、异丙酚、芬太尼、维库溴铵静吸复合全麻,硝酸甘油、艾司洛尔、苯肾上腺素、多巴胺、多巴酚丁胺、酚妥拉明等用于调控血流动力学。观察术后苏醒时间、拨管时间和ICU留观时间。结果：本组病人的苏醒时间、拨管时间和ICU留观的时间分别为（68±28）min、（6±2）h、（6．3±5．0）h。31例预后良好,1例术后因低心排综合征致多器官功能衰竭死亡,无麻醉并发症发生。结论：非体外循环冠脉搭桥术采用“快通道”麻醉有利于术后早期拨管、缩短病人ICU留观时间、节约费用;麻醉的关键在于维持血流动力学平稳和心肌氧供需平衡。     

肝素涂层膜肺对体外循环的影响

目的　临床比较肝素涂层和非肝素涂层的膜肺对炎症反应的影响 ,为减轻体外循环中炎症反应和提高生物相容性提供良好方法。方法　 2 3例患者被随机分成两组 :肝素涂层的A组 11例 ;非肝素涂层的B组12例。分别在开胸前、体外降温至最低点、体外循环结束前和术后 2 4h抽血测定IL 1β、TNF α和IL 10。 结果　体外循环开始后 ,IL 1β和TNF α都逐步升高 ,IL 10逐步下降 ,分别在体外循环结束前达到最大值和最小值 ,术后 2 4h已趋恢复。两组间的IL 1β在最低温出现差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,直至体外循环结束前 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;TNF α升高虽然没有差异 ,但A组升高幅度小于B组 ;两组间IL 10的明显差异只出现在体外循环结束前 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　肝素涂层膜肺具有减轻炎症反应的作用 ,其生物相容性优于非肝素涂层膜肺。     

Xa因子抑制法动态测定体外循环围手术期血浆肝素浓度的应用研究

目的 动态测定体外循环（CPB）围术期患者血浆肝素浓度，探讨检测结果在指导临床医生合理使用鱼精蛋白拮抗肝素作用的临床意义。方法 采用Xa因子抑制示检测25例在CPB下行心瓣膜置换术的风心病患者在CPB前，肝素化5min及结束时和鱼精蛋白拮抗肝素后10min，1h及5h共6个时点血浆肝素浓度。结果 CPB前，患者肝素水平0.45U/ml，CPB术肝素化5min及结束时，肝素浓度分别为13.16U/ml和11.06U/ml，与各时点比较均有显著性差异（P＜0．05）；鱼精蛋白拮抗后10min，血浆肝素迅速回到CPB前水平，且鱼精蛋白结抗后3个时点肝素浓度间及与CPB术前比较均无显著性差异（P＞0．05）；Xa因子抑制法测定的肝素标准曲线批间变异高值为11．65％，低值为0．36％。结论 Xa因子抑制法测定血浆肝素浓度重复性好，精密度高，该法在围CPB术的临床应用显示，CPB术结束时各患者血浆肝素浓度是确定其自身鱼精蛋白用量的参比标准。     

非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术围术期脑氧供需及凝血纤溶系统的变化研究

目的探讨非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术围术期脑氧供需及凝血纤溶系统的变化规律。方法选取2009年10月至2012年1月于该院进行非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术的24例患者为观察组,同期采用体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术进行治疗的24例患者为对照组,比较两组患者肝素化前、术后即刻、术后1、6h的脑氧供需及凝血纤溶系统指标。结果观察组肝素化前、术后即刻、术后1、6h的激活全血凝固时间(ACT)、活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(Fig)均高于对照组,CD62p则低于对照组;颈内静脉血氧饱和度(SjvO2)、颈内静脉血氧含量(CjvO2)高于对照组,脑氧摄取率(CERO2)、动脉-颈内静脉血氧含量差(Ca-jO2)低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术围术期患者的脑氧供需及凝血指标均较好于体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术,其可有效控制出血及降低脑损伤。     

乌司他丁在冠脉搭桥术中减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤的临床研究

[目的]探讨乌司他丁(ulinastatin,Uli)对冠状动脉搭桥手术(CABG)围体外循环期心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护效果.[方法]择期冠状动脉搭桥病人40例,随机分为对照组(C组)与乌司他丁组(U组),每组20例,U组分两次接受Uli 90万U,C组用等容量生理盐水代替.分别于体外循环前(T1)、开放主动脉即刻(T2)、开放主动脉后30min(T3)、CPB停机4 h(T4)、术后第1天(T5)、术后第3天(T6)、术后第7天(T7)抽取动脉血,测定血浆cTN-I浓度及CK-MB、LDH活性,记录心脏复跳及正性肌力药物的应用情况.结果在T3-T7时点U组cTN-Ⅰ浓度明显低于C组(P＜0.05～-0.01);在T5-T6时点CK-MB活性及T5、T7时点LDH活性U组明显低于C组(P＜0.05-0.01);U组自动复跳率高于C组(P＜0.05).[结论]冠状动脉搭桥术围CPB期间分两次使用乌司他丁90万U能减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤.     

Postoperative neuropsychological change and its underlying mechanism in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting

Background  The high incidence of neuropsychologic deficits after cardiac surgery, including cognitive dysfunction and mood status, has significantly influenced the prognosis, outcome of treatment and long-term quality of life of patients. With a circadian secretion pattern, melatonin and cortisol are capable of modulating the human physiological processes and neuropsychological status, whereas disorder of their secretion pattern may lead to many diseases. However, it is unclear whether neuroendocrine variations are related to the neuropsychologic status in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Methods   Forty male patients scheduled for CABG with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (n=20) or off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) (n=20) were studied. Blood samples were taken intraoperatively at specific time-points and every 3 hours within the first postoperative 24 hours to determine plasma concentrations of melatonin and cortisol. A neuropsychologic test battery including depression and anxiety was administered preoperatively and 7 to 10 days postoperatively. Statistical methods included the nonparametric analysis, multiple linear regression and cosinor analysis.
Results  The patients in the CPB group exhibited more severe neuropsychologic deficits and more anxious than those in the OPCAB group after surgery. In both groups, patients were more depressed postoperatively than preoperatively and recovered 3 months after surgery. Depression and anxiety were correlated with some factors of cognitive dysfunctions.  In the postoperative 24 hours, 2 patients in the CPB group, and 6 patients in the OPCAB group showed a circadian rhythm of melatonin secretion. As for cortisol secretion, there were 3 patients in the CPB group and 7 in the OPCAB group respectively. Parameters of circadian rhythm of melatonin in the CPB group and those of secretion rhythm of cortisol in both groups were correlated with depression and some neuropsychologic tests.
Conclusions  The incidence of neuropsychological deficits was higher in patients receiving CABG with CPB than in those without CPB. The status of mood may contribute to the perioperative cognitive dysfunctions. The disordered circadian rhythm of melatonin secretion in patients undergoing CABG with CPB and the disordered cortisol secretion may correlate directly or indirectly through mood with neuropsychological deficits.

     

常规体外循环和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的对比研究

目的 通过比较常规体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(CPBCABG)和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)患者炎性因子和心肌损伤的差异及远期结果,评价两种术式的优缺点. 方法 48例行择期行冠状动脉旁路移植术患者,随机分成CPBCABG组(n=22)和OPCABG组(n=26).分别麻醉诱导后及术后2 h,8 h,24 h和48 h 5个时间点留取静脉血6 ml.测定白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和肌钙蛋白I(cTnI).随访患者心绞痛改善情况及心功能情况,随访时间1.5年. 结果 CPBCABG组术后各项指标均较术前显著升高(P<0.05).OPCAN3组除IL-6,TNFα外其余指标较术前无明显升高,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组术前各项参数间均无统计学差异,术后CPBCABG组各项参数均明显高于OPCAN3组(P<0.05),尤以术后2 h和8 h差异最为明显(P<0.05或P<0.01).随访两组患者均无残留心绞痛,恢复正常生活或工作. 结论 与CPBCABG相比较,OPCAN3可以明显降低围术期炎性反应,减轻心肌损伤,而远期效果同样满意.     

Investigation and analysis of incidence of awareness in patients undergoing cardiac surgery in Beijing, China

Background Awareness under general anesthesia is a serious complication which leads to psychiatric disorders. The incidence of awareness in patients undergoing cardiac surgery has been reported in as many as 1.5%-23% in foreign countries. But so far, medical literature about awareness during cardiac surgery is still rare in China. Therefore, we investigated the incidence of awareness in patients undergoing different kinds of cardiac surgery, the phases when awareness occured and the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on the incidence of awareness in coronary artery bypass grafting in Beijing. Methods Patients’ recall of awareness during cardiac surgery was assessed. One hundred patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, one hundred patients undergoing CABG and one hundred patients undergoing valve replacement or septal defect repair in Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, were interviewed 3-6 days after surgery. Every report obout patients on recall of awareness was recorded. An independent research team, blinded to patients’ surgery and anesthesia, assessed every report of awareness.Results The incidence of awareness of patients received CABG under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), off -pump CABG, septal repair or valve replacement under CPB was 4.7% (5 of 106 cases), 9.6% (9 of 94 cases) and 4% (4 of 100 cases), respectively. CPB did not greatly affect the incidence of awareness during the period of CABG (P&gt;0.05). The incidence of awareness of patients who received CABG under CPB did not increase significantly, in comparison with that of patients who received septal repair or valve replacement under CPB in Fuwai Hospital (P&gt;0.05). Awareness easily occurred before bypass grafting or CPB.Conclusions Awareness mainly occurs before bypass grafting or CPB in cardiac surgery. Most cases with awareness have auditory perceptions. CPB is not a main factor which affects the incidence of awareness of CABG. Surgical types do not affect the incidence of awareness of patients under CPB.     

非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术对输血和凝血功能的影响

目的:比较非体外循环(off-pump)和体外循环(on-pump)冠状动脉旁路移植手术(CABG)围术期的输血量和凝血功能。方法:187例患者接受CABG手术,其中105例采用off-pump,82例采用传统的on-pump,回顾性地收集两组患者术前PT、PT国际标准化比值(INR)、FIB和APTT、手术时间、旁路移植血管数、ICU留住时间、再次开胸止血的病例数、术后24h胸腔引流量、围术期输入血制品的量及血常规指标。结果:两组患者的一般情况和术前凝血情况相似,但与off-pump患者相比,on-pump患者手术结束时的Hb、Hct和血小板数量显著减少,术后24h胸腔引流量、再次开胸止血的例数和围术期输入血液制品的量明显增加。结论:off-pumpCABG可避免CPB本身引起的血液稀释、血小板数量减少等引起的凝血功能异常,从而减少围术期出血和血液制品用量,缩短ICU时间,节省医疗费用。     

Emergency off-pump coronary artery surgery

Background Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting is fast-becoming a procedure of choice for elective revascularization in high-risk patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease. However, the role of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting for patients with acute coronary syndromes requiring emergency revascularization still requires validation. We present our experience to show the feasibility of off-pump coronary artery surgery as an emergency revascularization technique. Methods From April 2001 to September 2003, emergency (operation within 24 hours after hospitalization) coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was performed in 66 patients with a mean age of (66.9±5.4) years (range 49-72 years). They presented acute coronary syndromes with 38 patients on platelet glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa receptor antagonists. All patients underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery via sternotomy with the intention of complete coronary revascularization.Results An average of 2.9 grafts per patient were performed and the posterior descending artery and marginal branches of the circumflex artery were grafted in 83.3% of the patients. There were 4 events of intraoperative cardiac instability, precipitated by occlusion of right coronary artery or positioning of a cardiomegaly heart, leading to immediate conversion to CPB. The mortality rate was 3% (2/66). Two patients suffered postoperative stroke while three needed hemofiltration for acute renal failure. Post surgery elective coronary angiography (n=46) showed no significant stenosis.Conclusion Emergency off-pump coronary artery surgery with complete revascularization is feasible in patients with acute coronary syndrome with low morbidity and mortality and excellent early results.     

两种冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床效果及餐后血压和心率的比较

为了比较非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OCABG)和体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)术后患者的临床疗效及餐后血压和心率,回顾分析行冠状动脉旁路移植术患者181例的临床资料,其中,106例为非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术患者(OCABG组),75例为体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术患者(CABG组)。结果显示,与CABG组比较,OCABG组总有效率显著增高(82.67% vs 95.28%); 与餐前相比,两组收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)和心率(HR)在餐后均有不同程度变化。结果说明,采用非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病的临床效果更加显著,有利于维持患者餐后血压及心率的稳定。     

乌司他丁对体外循环冠脉搭桥手术围术期炎症反应的影响

目的:探讨乌司他丁对体外循环冠脉搭桥手术(CABG)围术期炎症反应的影响.方法:择期行CABG患者40例,随机分为对照组(C组,n=20)和乌司他丁组(U组,n=20).U组于体外循环(CPB)前静脉滴注乌司他丁1.5×10~4 U/kg,C组于相同时间静脉滴注生理盐水.分别于麻醉诱导前(T1)、CPB1h(T2)、CPB后1h(T3)、CPB后24 h(T4)检测血浆肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-10和中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(NE)的浓度.比较两组患者手术后的恢复情况.结果:与T1相比,2组患者在T2,T3,T4时点TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10及NE的浓度均明显升高((P<0.05);U组在T2,T3,T4的TNF-α,IL-6及NE浓度均明显低于C组(P<0.05),而IL-10的浓度明显高于C组(P<0.05).U组患者术后肺、肾及脑功能明显优于C组(P<0.05),心、肝功能及ICU停留时间无明显差异(P>0.05).结论:乌司他丁能够减轻体外循环冠脉搭桥手术围术期炎症反应,减少术后并发症.     

异氟烷与丙泊酚对非体外循环冠脉搭桥患者术后认知功能的影响

目的 比较异氟烷静吸复合麻醉与丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉对非体外循环冠脉搭桥患者术后认知功能的影响.方法 择期行冠脉搭桥术的冠心病患者30例,美国麻醉医师学会(ASA)心脏功能评定标准Ⅱ-Ⅲ级,按患者就诊顺序编号随机分为A、B两组,每组15例.全麻维持分别用异氟烷静吸复合(A组)或丙泊酚全凭静脉(B组)麻醉.两组患者分别于手术前1 d、术后第4天测定患者简易智力状态量表(MMSE)评分.结果 A组术后出现认知功能障碍的患者为5例(33%),B组为3例(20%).两组患者术前MMSE评分[A组(29.13±0.83),B组(29.13±1.13)]差异无显著性(P＞0.05);A组术后第4天MMSE评分(28.73±1.03)较手术前显著降低(f=2.45,P＜0.05),B组术后第4天MMSE评分(28.93±1.16)较手术前降低,但差异无显著性(t=1.87,P＞0.05).结论 异氟烷静吸复合麻醉与丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉均可影响非体外循环冠脉搭桥患者的术后认知功能,但丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉对认知功能的影响小于异氟烷静吸复合麻醉,更适合于临床应用.