单侧肾动脉狭窄支架治疗前后血压及核素肾动态显像比较

目的 探讨单侧肾动脉狭窄支架治疗后血压变化情况及核素肾动态显像总肾小球滤过率(GFR)的变化。方法 选取2018-01至2023-01在武警特色医学中心接受经皮单侧肾动脉支架置入的40例患者为研究对象,在支架置入前和支架置入后6个月行核素肾动态显像测定GFR,所有患者于术前和术后6个月检测SCr和Cys-C水平,采用不同GFR计算公式同步计算GFR,与核素肾动态显像进行对比分析。所有患者在支架置入后均完成6个月随访,并观察血压变化情况。结果 40例患者在肾动脉支架治疗后6个月,24 h动态血压检测收缩压和舒张压明显下降,使用降压药种类减少。支架治疗前核素肾动态显像GFR为(61.38±5.72) ml/min,支架治疗后6个月,核素肾动态显像GFR为(70.07±6.53) ml/min,和治疗前比较,GFR明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。核素肾动态显像测定的GFR,与采用MDRD公式、CKD-EPISCr公式和CKD-EPICys C公式计算的GFR结果,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。CKD-EPICys C公式计算的GFR与核素肾动态显像测定的GFR差值...     

GFR和ERPF与早期糖尿病肾病尿微量蛋白相关性研究

目的探讨早期糖尿病肾病(DN)肾小球滤过率(GFR)和肾有效血浆流量(ERPF)与尿微量蛋白的变化特点及其相互关系.方法 2型糖尿病(NIDDM)69例,根据尿白蛋白(Alb)排泄率(UAER)分为3组正常Alb尿组(Ⅰ组,UAER<20 μg/min);微量Alb尿组(Ⅱ组,UAER 20～200 μg/min);大量Alb尿组(Ⅲ组,UAER>200 μg/min).行放射性核素动态显像测定GFR、ERPF,同时测定尿Alb、α1微球蛋白(α1-MG)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)和血清肌酐(SCr)和尿素氮(BUN).结果Ⅰ组GFR和ERPF值比对照组增高,与尿微量蛋白呈负相关.Ⅱ组GFR比对照组增高,与尿微量蛋白呈正相关;ERPF略低于对照组,与尿微量蛋白呈负相关.Ⅲ组GFR和ERPF明显降低,与尿微量蛋白呈负相关.Alb、α1-MG、β2-MG与SCr、BUN呈明显正相关.结论 GFR、ERPF是反映DN变化的灵敏指标,与尿微量蛋白联合检测判断DN进展程度更有意义.     

核素显像法GFR和ERPF测量评价肾功能的比较研究

放射性核素肾动态显像以方法简单、无创安全、价廉易得 ,且能同时测量分肾功能 ,已广泛应用于肾功能评价。所用显像剂分肾小球滤过型和肾小管分泌型 ,可分别测量肾小球滤过率(GFR)和有效肾血浆流量 (ERPF)。本研究对一组患者和正常对照组行99mTc DTPA和13 1I OIH显像 ,比较显像法GFR和ERPF测量以及滤过分数 (GFR/ERPF)在总和分侧肾功能评价中的价值。1　材料和方法1.1　临床资料　受检者为长海医院 1999 0 4～ 2 0 0 1 0 9和长征医院 2 0 0 1 10～ 2 0 0 2 0 9的门诊和住院患者。共 3 2 5例。其中正常对照组 2 0例 ,男 13例 ,…     

肾动态显像对肾血管性高血压的诊断价值

目的　探讨肾动态显像对肾血管性高血压 (RVH)的诊断价值。方法　对 5 2例临床上确诊冠心病合并高血压并怀疑RVH的患者进行肾动态显像 ,测定肾功能参数 :2 0min清除率 ,左 右肾血流放射性比值 ,左右肾高峰时间 ,肾小球滤过率 (GFR) ,有效肾血浆流量 (ERPF)。均行肾动脉造影。结果　 5 2例患者中确诊RVH 2 8例 ,肾动态显像灵敏度为 82 14 % ,特异性为 75 0 0 %。RVH组与肾动脉正常组相比 ,肾动态显像的各项参数差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　肾动态显像检查有助于RVH的诊断。     

单侧单发肾癌患者术前分肾GFR的测定与分析

目的 分析核素肾动态显像Gate's法测定的单侧单发肾癌患者总肾、患肾及健肾肾小球滤过率（GFR）的特点。 方法 收集2018年1月至2019年12月于天津医科大学第二医院就诊的50例单侧单发肾癌患者（肾癌组）[其中男性32例、女性18例,年龄43~65（54.2±9.7）岁]的术前临床资料,并以中国肾癌高发年龄段（47~68岁）的60名健康受试者[其中男性36名、女性24名,年龄（56.1±8.6）岁]为对照组进行回顾性研究。肾癌组患者术前与对照组同期均行99Tcm-二亚乙基三胺五乙酸（DTPA）肾动态显像,比较2组受试者的临床指标、总肾及单肾GFR。肾癌组总肾GFR与对照组总肾GFR,肾癌组患肾、健肾GFR与对照组单肾GFR的比较均采用独立样本t检验。观察肾癌组患者中非对称肾功能的发生情况和健肾代偿情况,比较慢性肾脏病学流行病学合作研究公式和Gate's法计算肾癌组总肾GFR的差异,并采用Pearson相关性分析进行分析。 结果 肾癌组与对照组的性别比、年龄、吸烟情况、体重指数、血压、空腹血糖、动脉粥样硬化指数、血红蛋白、血清肌酐、尿素和尿酸等各项临床指标的差异均无统计学意义（χ2=0.185、0.021,t=0.656~1.980,均P>0.05）。肾癌组患者总肾GFR[（103.9±15.9） mL/min]与对照组[（103.2±10.6） mL/min]相比,差异无统计学意义（t=0.116,P=0.908）。与对照组单肾GFR[（51.2±5.9 ） mL/min]相比,肾癌组患肾GFR[（47.4±13.0） mL/min]明显降低,健肾GFR[（56.1±10.9） mL/min]明显升高,且差异均有统计学意义（t=?2.248、2.837,均 P <0.05）。50例肾癌患者中,21例患者患肾与健肾GFR占总肾GFR的百分比之差的绝对值>10%;16例患者健肾GFR高于同年龄段健康人群单肾GFR参考值范围的上限。慢性肾脏病学流行病学合作研究公式和Gate's法分别计算肾癌组总肾GFR的差异有统计学意义[（120.1±26.1） mL/(min·1.73 m2）vs. （108.7±13.4） mL/(min·1.73 m2）,t=3.765,P<0.05]且二者具有相关性(r=0.54,P<0.05)。 结论 核素肾动态显像Gate's法可获得患肾和健肾GFR变化的准确信息,为肾癌患者治疗方案的确定提供依据。     

主动脉夹层动脉瘤术前肾动态显像研究

目的　探讨主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者术前行肾动态显像的必要性。方法　正常受检者2 5例 ;主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者 5 4例 ,其中DebackeyⅠ型 2 4例、DebackeyⅢ型 30例 ,据肾功能情况分为 3组。均行99Tcm 双半胱氨酸 (EC)肾动态显像 (坐位 )并计算肾功能参数 ,包括 :①高峰时间 (Tp) ;②半排时间 (T1 2 ) ;③ 2 0min清除率 [CR2 0min(% ) ]。结果　 2 5例正常人肾动态显像示 ,腹主动脉显影后 2s双肾显像 ,双肾位置、形态正常 ,大小一致 ,Tp 为 (2 .89± 0 .76 )min ,T1 2 为 (7.2 4± 1.6 4 )min,CR2 0min为 (6 9.87± 5 .4 5 ) %。主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者组 1双肾显像时间及各项肾脏功能指标在正常范围内 ;组 2双肾大小差异明显 ,异常 (缩小 )侧肾显影时间明显延迟 ,各项肾功能指标明显异常 ;组 3双肾血流灌注时间均明显延缓 ,各项肾功能指标明显异常 ,各值与对照组和组 1相比 ,差异均有显著性。结论　肾动态显像可早期反映主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者肾血管 (特别是单侧 )受累和肾功能异常情况。此与手术方式的选择及预后有密切关系。     

99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像评价儿童重复肾功能

目的 探讨99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像在评价儿童重复肾功能中的应用价值.方法 选择经B超或MR尿路成像(MRU)示有重复肾的患儿25例,男9例,女16例,年龄2～ 72 (23.80±20.97)个月.选择同期且年龄匹配、B超或MRU结果正常、为探查泌尿系统感染病因行肾动态显像的婴幼儿20名作为对照组,其中男9名,女11名,年龄2 ～72(32.95±23.58)个月.2组均按照年龄分亚组:组Ⅰ,年龄0～24个月;组Ⅱ,年龄25～72个月.受检者99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像经医院伦理委员会批准并经监护人知情同意.显像后勾画双肾ROI(包括重复肾)获得肾图,计算肾GFR及患肾上、下半肾摄取率.多组间均数两两比较采用Dunnett-t检验.结果25例患儿共26个重复肾(1例左、右双侧重复肾),其中左侧重复肾16个,右侧重复肾10个.26个重复肾中,肾图正常6个、持续上升型9个、高水平延长线型4个、抛物线型2个、低水平延长线型5个.患儿组组Ⅰ患肾19个,组Ⅱ患肾7个;对照组2组均为20个肾.患儿组中正常肾图者GFR为(78.81±15.97) ml/min(组Ⅰ)及(64.68±11.15) ml/min(组Ⅱ),持续上升型肾图者GFR为(72.11±22.76) ml/min(组Ⅰ)及(63.41±16.42) ml/min(组Ⅱ),高水平延长线型肾图者GFR为(68.74±16.17) ml/min(组Ⅰ),抛物线型肾图者GFR为(65.26±15.27) ml/min(组Ⅰ),以上各组GFR与对照组GFR[组Ⅰ:(79.35±13.31) ml/min;组Ⅱ:(76.46±9.69) ml/min]相比,差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05);而5个肾图呈低水平延长线型患肾的GFR为(45.83±10.17) ml/min(组Ⅰ)及(45.53±10.42) ml/min(组Ⅱ),均低于对照组(均P ＜0.05).26个患肾中,23个可清晰分辨上、下半肾,占88.46％.相对于整个患肾而言,3个重复肾摄取率＞30％,5个重复肾摄取率为10％ ～30％,15个重复肾摄取率＜10％.结论 99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像可定量评价重复肾功能,对临床重复肾患儿治疗方式的选择有一定的参考价值.     

99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像在根治性肾切除术中的应用价值

目的通过99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像测定总肾及分肾肾小球滤过率（GFR）,评价其在根治性肾切除术中的应用价值。方法 60例根治性肾切除术患者术前行99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像,定量测得总肾及分肾GFR。依据肾脏肿瘤直径大小分为≥ 4 cm组和 < 4 cm组,以了解术前患者GFR降低与肿瘤大小的相关性。采用t检验进行两组GFR水平的比较。单因素及多因素回归分析寻找术后肾功能不全的预测因子。结果肿瘤 < 4 cm组患侧平均GFR为（52.94±8.57）mL/min,≥ 4 cm组患侧平均GFR为（45.78±13.27）mL/min,两组术前患侧GFR水平的差异有统计学意义（t=2.152,P < 0.05）。术前总GFR水平、术前健侧GFR水平的差异均无统计学意义（t=1.852、1.255,均P>0.05）。术后新出现肾功能不全的比例为21.6%,单因素及多因素logistic回归分析结果发现,术前健侧GFR降低（OR=3.6,P < 0.05）、术前总肾GFR降低（OR=5.64,P < 0.05）是术后肾功能不全的独立危险因素。结论采用99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像可以定量评价分肾和总肾GFR,对肾脏肿瘤患者术前指导及术后肾功能不全的预测有重要的临床意义。     

346例上尿路结石患者99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像结果分析

目的 探讨99Tcm-二亚乙基三胺五乙酸(99Tcm-DTPA)肾动态显像在上尿路结石患者肾功能评价中的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析了346例上尿路结石患者的核素肾动态显像、静脉肾盂造影(IVP)和血尿素氮(BUN)、血清肌酐(SCr)值,并依据总肾肾小球滤过率(GFR)将BUN和SCr结果分成4组进行分析.结果 ①346例肾动态显像患者,总肾GFR与BUN、SCr水平呈明显负相关(r=-0.458,P=0.000;r=-0.542,P=0.000).②4组之间比较,BUN和SCr均存在统计学差异(F=49.23,P=0.000;F=80.66,P=0.000);经最小显著差别法分析,组1与组2之间比较,BUN和SCr均无统计学差异(P=0.119和P=0.088);而其余各组之间比较,BUN和SCr均存在统计学差异(P均＜0.05).③IVP不显影的43只患肾中,经99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像提示有18只(41.9%)有残余肾功能(GFR≥10 ml/min),平均GFR为(21.89±12.81)ml/min.结论 99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像能早期评价肾功能,特别是对IVP不显影的患肾功能的评价具有重要临床价值.     

^99mTc—DTPA肾动态显像定量评价卵巢癌化疗对肾功能的早期损伤

目的探讨99mTc-DTPA肾动态显像定量评价上皮性卵巢癌化疗后肾功能早期损伤的价值.材料和方法28例上皮性卵巢癌满意减灭术后,PT方案首次化疗前后分别行核素99mTc-DTPA肾动态显像,测定肾小球滤过率(GFR)、高峰时间(tb)、半排时间(C1/2),同时测定尿微量白蛋白(MA)、尿β2-微球蛋白(β2-M)、血清尿素氮(BUN)、血清肌酐(Scr)等肾功能指标进行对比观察.结果28例患者化疗后与化疗前比较肾小球滤过率(GFR)明显下降(P＜0.01),肾动态显像主要特点表现为双肾血流灌注峰值下降,tb及C1/2延长(P＜0.05);MA明显上升(P＜0.01),而BUN、SCr、β2-M等指标变化均不明显.结论99mTc-DTPA肾动态显像可敏感地监测上皮性卵巢癌化疗后肾功能早期损伤.     

Alterations in renal morphology and function after ESWL therapy: evaluation with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI

Contrast-enhanced gradient-echo MRI was used to evaluate morphological and functional alternations in the kidneys after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Dynamic MRI with a temporal resolution of 10 s per image was performed by repeated imaging in the coronal plane after administration of gadolinium-DTPA (0.1 mmol/kg) before and after ESWL for renal calculi in 25 patients. Before ESWL 22 patients had normally functioning kidneys, characterised by a marked decrease in signal intensity in the renal medulla 30–40 s after the onset of cortical perfusion. After ESWL 8 patients had functional abnormalities: in 2 cases the medullary signal decrease was disturbed throughout the whole organ, while 6 kidneys demonstrated regional loss of concentrating ability in the medulla. Morphological alterations (oedema with blurred contours and loss of corticomedullary differentiation; parenchymal haemorrhage and haemorrhage in a cortical cyst; subcapsular, perirenal and pararenal haematoma) were detected in 9 cases. Haemorrhage was encountered more often after administration of more than 2500 shock waves; however, no such correlation was seen in the kidneys with functional disturbances following ESWL therapy. MRI proved to be a sensitive method for the assessment of morphological and functional alterations after ESWL, but longer follow-up studies are required to identify the clinical impact of these early changes.     

Congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction with calcified renal pelvis and superimposed spindle cell urothelial carcinoma

A case of congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction with calcification of the walls of the renal pelvis and with a superimposed urothelial tumor is described and illustrated.     

Cystic renal masses: Usefulness of the bosniak classification

To determine the usefulness of the Bosniak classification of cystic renal masses, the computed tomographic (CT) and ultrasound findings of 16 pathologically proven cystic renal masses were retrospectively reviewed. All imaging studies were reviewed and categorized utilizing the Bosniak classification without knowledge of the final pathologic diagnosis. There were no category I lesions (classical simple cyst), four category II (minimally complicated), seven category III lesions (more complicated), and five category IV lesions (probable malignant). All category II lesions were benign, all category IV lesions were malignant. Of the seven category III lesions, three were benign and four were malignant. We conclude that the Bosniak classification is extremely useful in the management of cystic renal masses. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, the Department of Defense, or the United States Navy     

Renal angiomyolipoma: comparison of MRI and CT results for diagnosis

The aim of this study was to compare the potentials of MRI and CT for characterising renal angiomyolipomas. MRI and CT examinations of 13 adult patients with renal angiomyolipoma were reviewed. Pathological correlation was available for ten patients who underwent nephrectomy or tumourectomy. Negative CT density numbers were demonstrated in 10 cases. MRI depicted high signal intensity areas suggesting fat in 11 cases. A haemorrhagic component was by both CT and MRI in 4 cases and was confirmed by surgery. Fat suppression imaging was performed in 3 cases and confirmed the presence of fat. We conclude that identification of angiomyolipomas can be achieved by MRI, but compared with CT, MRI is more expensive and less available. Therefore MRI should be performed when CT results are equivocal and when direct multiplanar images are necessary for a precise tumour localisation of multiple angiomyolipomas. Correspondence to: M. F. Bellin     

Cystic renal tumors: US and CT findings

Cystic renal tumors represent a variety of lesions in which both solid and liquid components coexist. These lesions may be either benign or malignant and include the multilocular cystic nephroma (MCN), the renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and the papillary adenocarcinoma (PAC). The MCN is a rare neoplasm formed of multiple loculated cystic masses divided by septa. The tumor is benign, although there are some rare reports of malignant cases. The RCC and the PAC may appear with cystic patterns. This is rather uncommon for the RCC, which inside has a unilocular or multilocular cystic appearance, if the necrotic component is large. PAC is an infrequent renal tumor, which has a greater tendency to appear as a large mass with a unilocular large cystic space. The ultrasonography (US) and computed tomographic (CT) features of 27 cystic tumors are presented. Both US and CT allowed the recognition of the cystic components, the septa, and the vegetations. The two imaging techniques made it possible to distinguish the tumors into “unilocular” and “multilocular” masses: the former correspond to RCC and PAC, the latter to MCN and RCC. CT added some information on calcified or partially calcified tumors. CT more than US enabled the differentiation between the malignant RCC and the benign MCN for which conservative surgery may be indicated. The two techniques did not allow the differentiation between RCC and PAC, which has different prognostic behavior.     

MRI evaluation of acute renal trauma

We describe the MR findings in a patient with acute renal injury after blunt abdominal trauma associated with perinephric hematoma and urinoma. Both CT and MR findings are described. Active urine extravasation into a perinephric urinoma is demonstrated by serial post-contrast imaging with CT and MRI showing progressively increased attenuation/signal intensity fluid in communication with the collecting system, commencing 2 minutes after contrast administration.     

Large egg-shell-like calcified cyst in a case of renal cell carcinoma

A serendipitous case is reported of a large egg-shell-like calsified renal mass woithout irregularities covering a solid nodule suggestive of a renal cell carcinoma on CT. This was confirmed after radical nephrectomy. Correspondence to: R. Oyen     

Transitional cell carcinoma in a renal allograft

A large urothelial tumor was detected by ultrasonography in the dilated collecting system of a well-functioning renal allograft 15 years after transplantation. The tumor was confirmed at computed tomography. Nephrectomy showed a transitional cell carcinoma. The occurrence of malignant tumors in renal allografts is a well known but rare complication. Received 6 October 1997; Accepted 5 November 1997     

肾脏皮髓质的分界、对比度及CT峰值与单肾功能相关性的64层螺旋CT研究

组肾皮质为(91±29)HU,肾髓质为(76±25)HU;重度肾功能减退组肾皮质为(68±24)HU,肾髓质为(57±21)HU.3组问差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为42.76和32.68,P值均<0.05).肾皮质、髓质CT峰值均与GFR呈正相关(r值分别为0.672和0.623,P值均<0.05).结论 梗阻性肾积水肾功能减退时CMD与CMC及肾皮髓质CT峰值均降低;肾脏CMC与肾皮质及髓质CT峰值改变与GFR具有正相关关系,对预测单侧肾脏功能有一定临床价值.     

Ablation of Symptomatic Cysts Using Absolute Ethanol in 11 Patients with Autosomal-Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Objective

To evaluate the effects of cyst ablation with absolute ethanol in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients with symptomatic cysts.

Materials and Methods

Using absolute ethanol, cyst ablation was performed in 11 patients with documented ADPKD who suffered cyst pain refractory to medical treatment. An ethanol solution was instilled into the largest symptomatic cysts through a catheter. We assessed the therapeutic efficacy of the procedure by tracking subjective pain relief during a 3 to 24-month follow-up period after ablation.

Results

At follow-up, we found that the duration of subjective pain relief was 12 to 24 months in seven patients, 4 to11 months in one, and less than 3 months in three.

Conclusion

Selective ablation of a symptomatic cyst may be a valid option in managing chronic pain caused by one or a few large cysts in ADPKD patients.